TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语.doc

《TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语.doc（10页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、此资料由网络收集而来，如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享，我们负责传递知识。TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语简介：为什么有的人学了XX年的英语还是开不了口?而另一些人却能迅速掌握一门外语?上世纪80年代，语言学家chris lonsdale来到中国，仅用6个月的时间他就能说出流利的普通话。他是怎么做到的?一起来听听他的学习方法吧!have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think? maybe even part of who you are as a pers

2、on? well i’ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn’t have to go to school at al

3、l.now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of learning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young, when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union,

4、asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you’re sleeping, and you’re supposed to be learning from this.a good idea, unfortunately it doesn’t work. but, hypnopaedia did

5、 open the doors to research in other areas and we’ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question. i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point. in 198

6、1 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it. and i a

7、lso went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process. what was really cool was that in six months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i look

8、ed around and i saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effective

9、ly?now this a really, really important question in today’s world. we have massive challenges with environment we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can’t communicate we’re really going to have difficulty solving these

10、problems. so we need to be able to speak each other’s languages, this is really, really important.the question then is how do you do that. well, it’s actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it’s already working and then

11、you identify the principles and apply them. it’s called modelling and i’ve been looking at language learning and modelling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside s

12、ix months. now when i say this, most people think i’m crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it’s all about expanding our limits.in 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did

13、 it in 1956 and from there it’s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn’t fly. except it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly? we reorganise the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this ca

14、se. and today we’ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly. and there’s a different way to fly that we’ve learned from squirrels. so all you need to do is copy what a fly

15、ing squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.no, most people, a lot of people, i wouldn’t say everybody but a lot of people think they can’t draw. however there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to dr

16、aw and you can 2 actually learn to draw in five days. so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this. now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles th

17、at was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went ‘wow,’ so that’s how i look like when i’m concentrating so intensely that my brain is exploding. so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second langu

18、age in six months.how: there are five principles and seven actions. there may be a few more but these are absolutely core. and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths. the first is that you need talent. let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from australia, went to

19、 holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: ‘you’re completely useless,’ ‘you’re not talented,’ ‘give up,’ ‘you’re a waste of time’ and she was very, very depressed. and then she came a

20、cross these five principles, she moved to brazil and she applied them and within six months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesn’t matter.people also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners who’v

21、e been here for ten years, who don’t speak a word of chinese. look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada have been there ten, twenty year and they don’t speak any english. immersion per se doesn’t not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim

22、. when you don’t speak a language you’re like a baby and if you drop yourself into a context which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won’t learn.so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; first: the four words, attention, meaning, releva

23、nce and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when you’re talking about learning. come with me on a journey through a forest. you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this. little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don’t. y

24、ou go another fifty metres and you see this. you should be paying attention. another fifty metres, if you haven’t been paying attention, you see this.and at this point, you’re paying attention. and you’ve just learned that this is important, it’s relevant because it means thi

25、s, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you’re going to pay attention to and therefore you’re going to remember it. if it’s related to your personal goals then you’re going to pay attention to it, if it’s relevant you&rsqu

26、o;re going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you. which brings us to tools. we master tool by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us.so let me share a story. a keyboard is

27、a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. that’s a tool. i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese. and one night we ha

28、d a crisis. we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value. so the second tool for lear

29、ning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one.as a kid does. when i first arrived in china i didn’t speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight. i spent eight hours sitting in the dining care talking to one of the gu

30、ards on the train, he took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial expressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more. but what was really cool, was two weeks later, when pe

31、ople were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadn’t even made any effort to learn that.what had happened, i’d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle. when you first understand the message, then you will acquire the langu

32、age 3 unconsciously. and this is really, really well documented now, it’s something called comprehensible input and there’s twenty or thirty years of research on this, stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of t

33、hem. the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. the purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works. comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulat

34、ing lots of knowledge. in many, many ways it’s about physiological training.a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldn’t understand what people were saying. and peopl

35、e started asking her: ‘are you deaf?’ and she was. english deaf. because we have filters in our brain that filter n the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we’re not. and if you can’t hear it, you won’t understand it and if you c

36、an’t understand it, you’re not going to learn it. so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds. and there are ways to do that but it’s physiological training. speaking takes muscle. you’ve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way tha

37、t you make sounds that other people will understand.if you’ve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, and you know how your body feels? and it hurts? if your face is hurting you’re doing it right. and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if you’re sad, angr

38、y, worried, upset, you’re not going to learn. period. if you’re happy, relaxed, in an alpha brain state, curious, you’re going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if you’re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every

39、 word you’re hearing, you will go nuts, because you’ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you’re not perfect. if you’re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you’re going to be fine, you’ll be rela

40、xed and you’ll be learning quickly.so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take? number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking. you put yourself in a context where you’re hearing tons and tons of a language and it doesn’t matter if you und

41、erstand it or not. you’re listening to patterns, you’re listening to things that repeat, you’re listening to things that stand out. so, just soak your brain in this. the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go well how do i do that, i

42、 don’t know the words, well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language.from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you’re understanding, you’re acquiring through com

43、prehensible input. and you can also use patterns that you already know. if you’re a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese. the third action: st

44、art mixing. you probably have never thought of this but if you’ve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things.language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me. bat(h). now. okay, that’s how they communicate. so start mixing, get creati

45、ve, have fun with it, it doesn’t have to be perfect it just has to work. and when you’re doing this you focus on the core. what does that mean? well any language is high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything you’re ever going to say in daily communication.

46、 3000 words gives you 98% of anything you’re going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, you’re speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake. and when you’re just begging with a new language start with the tool box. week number one in your new language 4 you say

47、 things like: ‘how do you say that?’ ‘i don’t understand,’ ‘repeat that please,’ ‘what does that mean,’ all in your target language. you’re using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it’s relevant to learn other things about the lan

48、guage. it’s by week two that you should be saying things like: ‘me,’ ‘this,’ ‘you,’ ‘that,’ ‘give,’ you know, ‘hot,’ simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby. and by the thi

49、rd or fourth week, you’re getting into what i call glue words. ‘although,’ ‘but,’ ‘therefore,’ these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more complex meaning. at that point you’re talking.and when you’re doing that, you should get yourself a language parent. if you look at how children and parent interact, you’ll understand what this means. when a child is speaking, it’ll be using simple w