TED英语演讲：如何在6个月内学会一门外语 .docx

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1、TED英语演讲：如何在6个月内学会一门外语龙飞虎在18分钟内，将主题精华浓缩得淋漓尽致，带领着大众的思维从成年人不敢信任还能学会外语，到充分了解成年人如何能在6个月学会外语。下面是小编为大家收集关于TED英语演讲：如何在6个月内学会一门外语，欢迎借鉴参考。How to learn any language in six months演讲者：Chris Lonsdale/ 中英比照演讲稿 /Have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think?Maybe even part

2、of who you are as a person?你是否曾经把一个问题留在心中很久，结果它已经成为你的一种思路?甚至可能已经成为你自己的一部分?Well Ive had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? Now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. And if you learn real

3、ly fast, you probably wouldnt have to go to school at all.有一个问题我思索了许多许多年，就是：你怎样才能加快自己学习的速度?这是一个很好玩的问题，因为假如你可以加快自己的学习速度，你就可以花更少时间在学校里。 假如你真的可以学习得特殊快，你可能根本就不用去上学。Now, when I was young, school was sort of okay but I found quite often that school got in the way of learning so I had this question in mind

4、: how do you learn faster? And this began when I was very, very young. When I was about eleven years old I wrote a letter to researchers in the Soviet Union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of t

5、he night when youre sleeping, and youre supposed to be learning from this.我小时候上学还凑合，但我经常发觉上学会阻碍学习，因此在我心里面有了这样一个问题：怎样才能学得更快呢?(这个想法)在我很小时候已经起先了，大约我11 岁时，我给前苏联的探讨者写了一封关于睡眠学习的信， 所谓睡觉学习，就是拿个磁带录音机放在你床边， 等你入眠后机器起先播放磁带，目的是通过这种方式来学习。A good idea, unfortunately it doesnt work. But, hypnopaedia did open the doo

6、rs to research in other areas and weve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question.I went on from there to become passionate about psychology and I have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point.这看似 一个好办法，不幸的是它行不通。但睡眠学习的确打开

7、了探讨其他领域的大门，并且我们从探讨这个问题起先已经有了一些惊人的发觉。从那起先我对心理学充溢热忱，直到现在我已经投入了几十年的时间从事心理学相关的不同探讨和工作。In 1981 I took myself to China and I decided that I was going to be native level in Chinese inside two years.Now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought Chinese was really, really difficult and that a w

8、esterner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it.And I also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process.1981年，我来到了中国, 并且确定在两年内我的汉语要达到像中文母语者一样的水平。你须要明白的是, 在

9、 20 世纪 80 年头初，全部人都认为汉语是真的很难学，一个西方人可能学习10 年或以上也未必能学好。还有，我带着一种不同的想法，就是把心理学对这个问题探讨所得的全部结论运用到我学习的过程当中。What was really cool was that in six months I was fluent in Mandarin Chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. But I looked around and I saw all of these people from different countries

10、struggling terribly with Chinese, I saw Chinese people struggling terribly to learn English and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?特殊棒的是, 我在六个月内能说流利的中文，不久后，我达到了中文母语者的水平。但我看到四周那些来自不同国家的人在为学习中文苦苦

11、挣扎，中国人在为学习英文或其他语言苦苦挣扎，因此我的问题便细化到：怎样帮助一位正常的成年人更快、更简单和有效地学会其次门语言。Now this is a really, really important question in todays world. We have massive challenges with environment. We have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we cant communicate were rea

12、lly going to have difficulty solving these problems.So we need to be able to speak each others languages. This is really, really important.要强调的是，在今日的世界里这是一个特别特别重要的问题。我们须要面对大量的(有关)环保问题的挑战，我们须要面对许多社会混乱和斗争的挑战，各种各类事情在发生，假如我们不能沟通那我们将难以解决这些问题。因此，我们须要能够说对方的语言。这真的特别重要。The question then is how do you do that

13、? Well, its actually really easy. You look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where its already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. Its called modeling and Ive been looking at language learning and modeling language learning for about fifteen to

14、 twenty years now.接下来的问题是，怎样做到?这事实上是很简单的。看看你四周那些已经做到的人，找寻在什么状况下，它是有效的，识别这些原则后好好利用它们。这是一种高科技仿照，而我已经用这种方法探讨语言学习大约15到20xx年了。接着多年的视察，我得到的结论是，任何一个成年人能在6个月内把任何外语学得流利。And my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside six months.Now when I say this,

15、most people think Im crazy, this is not possible. So let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, its all about expanding our limits.呐，当我说成年人能在6个月内学会任何一种外语，大多数人都认为我疯了，这是不行能的。因此，先让我提示在座各位关于人类历史的进展，全部人类历史都是在扩展我们的极限。In 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impos

16、sible and then Roger Bannister did it in 1956 and from there its got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesnt fly。Except it does and we all know this. How does heavy stuff fly?We reorganize the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature

17、, birds in this case.在20世纪50年头，全部人都信任跑出4分钟1英里的成果是不行能的，后来罗杰?班尼斯特在1965年做到了，而从那起先跑1英里的时间变得越来越短。120xx年前，每个人都信任重的物体不能飞。它不但可以飞，而且我们大家都知道这个事实。那么，重物是怎样飞的呢?我们视察大自然的原理，在此是鸟飞行的原理，依据这些我们重新组织材料来使重物可以飞。And today weve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. You can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand U

18、S dollars. We now have cars in the world that can fly.And theres a different way to fly that weve learned from squirrels.如今，我们甚至走得更远，你可以驾驶一辆会飞的汽车。你可以花几十万美元购买一辆这样的汽车。我们现在有了会飞的汽车了。在能飞的松鼠的身上我们学会了另一种不同的方式来飞。So all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and of

19、f you go, you can fly like a squirrel.你只要做的是去复制一只飞鼠如何飞的原理，建立一套翼服，你就可以像一只飞鼠那样可以在天空中翱翔。Now, most people, a lot of people, I wouldnt say everybody but a lot of people think they cant draw.However there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you can actually

20、learn to draw in five days.So, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this.那么，大多数人，许多人，我不会说全部人，但许多人认为他们不会画画。然而这里有一些重要的原则，5个原则你可以利用来学习画画并且事实上你可以在5天内学会。假如你平常画成这样，那么你学习5天这些原则, 然后应用它们，5天后，你可以画成这样。Now I know this is t

21、rue because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what I was able to do. And I looked at this and I went wow, so thats how I look like when Im concentrating so intensely that my brain is exploding.我知道这是真的，因为那是我第一次画的，5 天后我应用了这些原则，我可以做到这样。当我看着这个，我哇了一声，那就是我

22、特别剧烈的专注，专注到我大脑快要爆炸的样子呀!So, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in six months.因此，任何人都能够用 5 天时间学会画画，同样地，用同样的方式和逻辑，任何人都可以在 6 个月内学会一门外语。How: there are five principles and seven actions.There may be a few more but these are

23、absolutely core.And before I get into those I just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths.怎么做呢?有 5个原则和 7个行动可以参考。可能有更多，但这些肯定是核心部分。进入这些点之前我想先说说两个误区并消退它们。The first is that you need talent.Let me tell you about Zoe. Zoe came from Australia, went to Holland, was trying to learn Dutch, struggling

24、a great deal and finally people were saying: youre completely useless, youre not talented, give up, youre a waste of time and she was very, very depressed.And then she came across these five principles, she moved to Brazil and she applied them and within six months she was fluent in Portuguese, so t

25、alent doesnt matter.误区一, 你须要有天赋。让我跟你们说说关于佐伊的事情。佐伊是澳大利亚人，她去到荷兰并尝试学习荷兰语。她特别挣扎，最终人们跟她说，没用的，你没有天赋，还是放弃吧，你根本就是在奢侈时间。她对此感到特别懊丧。后来，她无意中发觉了这 5 个原则，去了巴西，并把这些原则应用到她学习葡萄牙语中，6 个月内，她可以说流利的葡萄牙语了。因此，天赋不重要。People also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. But look around Hong Kong, l

26、ook at all the westerners whove been here for ten years, who dont speak a word of Chinese.Look at all the Chinese living in America, Britain, Australia, Canada who have been there ten, twenty years and they dont speak any English. Immersion per se doesnt not work, why? Because a drowning man cannot

27、learn to swim.人们还认为学会一门外语最好的方式就是，到说该门语言的国家去。但是看看在香港已经呆了 10 年的西方人，还是一句中文也不会说。看看那些居住在美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大 10 年、20 年的中国人，还是不会一句英文。只呆在一个新的国家本身是没有用的。为什么?因为溺水的人是学不会游泳的。When you dont speak a language youre like a baby and if you drop yourself into a context which is all adults talking about stuff over your head,

28、 you wont learn. So, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to;当你不能说那种语言，你就像一个婴儿，假如你进入一个环境，那里全部都是成年人在叽叽呱呱的说一些你完全听不明白的话，你还是学不会。那么你须要留意的那 5 个原则是什么呢?First: there are four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. Especially when

29、 youre talking about learning.Come with me on a journey through a forest.You go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this.Little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you dont.首先，有四个词，留意力、含义、关联和记忆。这些在许多特别重要的方面是相互连接的，特殊在你谈论学习时。请跟随我来一趟森林之旅。你穿越森林，然后你看到一个像这样的东西。你可能留意到树上的这些小标记，

30、可能没有。You go another fifty metres and you see this.You should be paying attention.Another fifty metres, if you havent been paying attention, you see this.And at this point, youre paying attention. And youve just learned that this is important, its relevant because it means this, and anything that is

31、related, any information related to your survival is stuff that youre going to pay attention to and therefore youre going to remember it.然后你接着向前走 50 米，你看到了这个。你应当要留意了。再 50 米，假如你还没留意的话，你会看到这个。当看到这个的时候，你就要留意了。你刚刚学习到了这个是重要的，它与你有重要关系，因为它代表这个。任何有关联的东西，任何有关你生存的信息都是值得你留意的，而你给留意力的就会记住的。If its related to your

32、 personal goals then youre going to pay attention to it, if its relevant youre going to remember it. So, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you.Which brings us to tools.We master tools by using tools and we learn tools the fas

33、test when they are relevant to us. So let me share a story. A keyboard is a tool. Typing Chinese a certain way, there are methods for this.假如它关于你个人目标的，那么你就会留意到它，假如它与你是有关联的，你就会记住它。因此，学习一门语言的第一个原则就是, 留意那些与你休戚相关的语言内容上。这就让我们谈到工具。我们通过运用工具来驾驭工具，而当这些工具与我们休戚相关的时候，我们就可以学得很快。先让我共享一个故事。Thats a tool.I had a col

34、league many years ago who went to night school; Tuesday night, Thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type Chinese.键盘是一个工具。有不同方法打中文字。这些方法属于工具的一种。多年前，我有一位同事，她上夜校学习中文打字。每周二、周四晚上，她都用 2 个小时上课，然后也在家练习，她花了 9 个月的时间，仍旧没学会打中文字。And one night w

35、e had a crisis.We had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in Chinese. And she got the job, and I can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type Chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value.So the second tool for le

36、arning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one. As a kid does.一天晚上，我们有一件紧急的事情。我们有 48 个小时来打算用中文发表一本训练手册。她获得了这个任务 ，并且我可以像你保证，在 48 个小时内，她学会了用中文打字。因为这是相关的、重要的、有意义的，她在运用一种工具来创建价值。因此，学习一门语言的其次个工具是从第一天起先，用你的语言作为一种工具来沟通，像一个孩子那样做。When I first arrived in China I didnt sp

37、eak a word of Chinese, and on my second week I got to take a train ride overnight.I spent eight hours sitting in the dining car talking to one of the guards on the train. He took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in Chinese and he was drawing pictures and making moveme

38、nts with his hands and facial expressions and piece by piece by piece I understood more and more.当我初次来到中国，我一句中文都不会说。其次个星期我乘坐火车过夜。我花了 8 个小时，坐在餐车，跟一位乘警聊。因为某种缘由，他对我很感爱好。我们在那用中文聊了整夜，随着他画画、比划双手并动用他的面部表情，我渐渐地明白越来越多。But what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking Chinese around me,

39、I was understanding some of this and I hadnt even made any effort to learn that. What had happened? Id absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle When you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language unconsciously.但是真正好玩的是，两个星期后，当人们在我四周说中文的时候，我可以明

40、白一些而且我并没有为之付出任何努力。发生了什么?在火车的那晚我已经汲取了中文，这也是我们要说的第三个原则。当你已经理解沟通的信息含义，接下来你将不知不觉下意识的获得该语言。And this is really, really well documented now, its something called comprehensible input and theres twenty or thirty years of research on this. Stephen Krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of the

41、se different studies and this is just from one of them.而且这是有足够的证据证明的，我们把它称之为可明白输入，而这个概念被探讨了探讨二三十年。此领域的佼佼者史蒂夫克拉申发布了各类不同的学术探讨成果，而这些数据来自他的一个报告。The purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. The purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are t

42、he ones who learned by comprehensible input. So, comprehension works.Comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. In many, many ways its about physiological training.条形图里面的紫色部分显示不同语言测试的成果。紫色代表那些通过正式学习和学习语法的人，绿色的代表那些通过可明白输入学习的人。因此，可明白意思的输入是有效的。理解是很关键的，而学语言本身

43、不仅仅是获得大量的学问。在许多方面，更多的是生理的训练。A woman I know from Taiwan did great at English at school, she got A grades all the way through, went through college, A grades, went to the US and found she couldnt understand what people were saying. And people started asking her: are you deaf?And she was. English deaf.

44、我相识一位来自台湾的女士，上学时英文成果很好，高校英语也很优秀。后来，她到了美国，竟然发觉自己听不懂别人在说什么。然后人们起先问她：你是聋的吗?她的确是。英语聋子。Because we have filters in our brain that filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages were not. And if you cant hear it, you wont understand it and if you cant understand

45、it, youre not going to learn it.因为在我们大脑里有一些过滤器会帮助我们过滤熟识的语言声音进入脑子里，而把不熟识的语言声音过滤出去。假如你听不到，你不会明白;你听不明白，你将不能学会它。So you actually have to be able to hear these sounds.And there are ways to do that but its physiological training. Speaking takes muscle. Youve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have t

46、o coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.因此，你必需能够听到这些声音。这里有一些方法来做到，但这些是生理上的训练。说话须要用到肌肉。在你的脸上有 43 块肌肉，你必需协调好这些肌肉来发声，让别人明白你的话。If youve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, then you know how your body feels. And it hurts. If your face is hurting youre do

47、ing it right.假如你曾经有做过几天新的运动，你会知道你的身体有什么感觉。有点酸疼。假如你的面部有这种酸疼的感觉，那就对了。And the final principle is state. Psycho-physiological state. If youre sad, angry, worried, upset, youre not going to learn. Period. If youre happy, relaxed, in an Alpha brain state, curious, youre going to learn really quickly, and

48、very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. If youre one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word youre hearing, you will go nuts, because youll be incredibly upset all the time, because youre not perfect.最终一个原则是状态。心理生理的状态。假如你难过、生气、担忧、懊丧，你将不能学会。肯定是这样。假如你是在一个快乐、放松、新奇的大脑状态下，

49、你将很快学会，而且须要明确的一点是，你须要忍受歧义。假如你是那种在听的时候须要百分百听明白别人在说的每一个词的人之一，你会因为你无时无刻(的)懊丧感和你的不完备而发疯了。If youre comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, youre going to be fine, youll be relaxed and youll be learning quickly.假如你对听明白一些、听不明白一些而感到舒适，并把留意力放在你明白的部分，你将会学好，