新视野大学英语第三版读写教学教程第一册第一单元课文单词详解.doc

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1、.Section A Text A Toward a brighter future for all 1. Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your

2、 educational experience as rewarding as possible. 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你 们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里， 我们承诺将使你们学有所成。 Words and phrase 1. achievement n something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing: e.g. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement fo

3、r one so young. 2. triumph n being successful or victorious 成功,胜利 shouts of triumph great achievement or success 成功 one of the triumphs of modern science v. (over sb/sth) be successful or victorioustriumph over ones difficulties 战胜困难. 3. pledge v sth (to sb/sth) (fml ) promise solemnly to give (supp

4、ort,etc); give (ones word, honour, etc) as a pledge 保证给予（支持等）; 以（誓言 名誉等）作 担保: pledge loyalty to the king 发誓效忠国王 be pledged to keeping a secret 誓守秘密. sb/oneself (to sth/to do sth) promise solemnly that sb/one will do sth or support a cause, etc 保证某人自己做某事或支持某事业等 The Government has pledged itself to se

5、nd aid to the famine victims. 政府已承诺赈济 饥民. Tn leave (sth) with sb as a pledge 典当（某物）: Hes pledged his mothers wedding ring. Tn (fml ) drink to the health of (sb); toast (sb) 为（某人）的健康祝酒; 向（某人） 祝酒:pledge the bride （新娘）and bridegroom （新郎） 4. rewarding adj giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit 值得的

6、；有意义的； 有回报的 Our journey to the orphanage ( 孤儿院) was a very rewarding experience. Antonym: unrewarding Synonym: satisfying 5. as.as possible as + adj / adv +as ; as + adj + n + as 尽力做某事的意思 We have to run as fast as possible. Can you say it as loudly as possible? I hope youll stay as long as possible.

7、 We need as many apples as possible. You must come back as soon as possible. Word formation note: adj suffix -ing 1. -ing 加在某些 transitive verb 后，构成 adj ，主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或.某物或某事给人的感觉、情感、印象等。这类词包括 welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, surprising 等。例如： a welcoming smile 热

8、情的微笑 a charming house on the outskirts of the town 在城镇郊外的一栋漂亮的房子 an alarming increase in housing price 房价的惊人增长 A surprising number of men stay bachelors. 有相当多的男子仍然是单身。 2. -ing 加在 intransitive verb 之后，构成 adj，表示某事或某人仍然处于某种状态。 例如： a recurring problem 反复出现的问题 his aging mother 他那日渐苍老的母亲 He wore his hair

9、in the prevailing fashion. 他的头发理的是当时盛行的发型。 Paraphrase 1 Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of you

10、r parents and teachers hard work. 2 Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible. Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible. 2. In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my ow

11、n high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. “Pose naturally,“ Mom instructed us. “Wait!“ said Dad, “Lets take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock.“ The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk. 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍

12、的合影。 妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。 ” “等一等,”爸爸说， “把我递给他闹钟 的情景拍下来。 ” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。 至今它还放在我办公 室的桌子上。 Words and phrase 1. remind v inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have forgotten 提醒: Do I have to remind you yet again? Remind me to answer that letter. sb of sb/sth cause sb to remember or be newl

13、y aware of sb/sth 使某人回想起或 意识到某人 某事物:He reminds me of his brother. This song reminds me of France. reminder n sth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth. 起提醒作用 的东西 The cold served as a reminder that winter wasnt quite finished. The waiters were clearing the tables, which served as a rem

14、inder that it was time to leave. 2. pose v (a) I, Ipr (for sb) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed 摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）: He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath. 他得摆好戴着月桂花冠的姿势. * (b) Tn put (sb) in a particular position in order to paint, draw or photograph hi

15、m 使.（某人）摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）: The artist posed his model carefully. 那位画家仔细摆好模特儿的姿势. I (derog 贬) behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 装腔 作势: Stop posing and tell us what you really think. 别装蒜啦, 告诉我们你的真实想法 吧. pose n 1 position in which a person poses or is posed (pose 1b) （为画像或拍照

16、而摆的）姿 势, 姿态: She adopted an elegant pose. 她摆了一个优美的姿势. 2 (derog 贬) unnatural or affected way of behaving, intended to impress people 装腔 作势的举动: His concern for the poor is only a pose. 他对穷人的关心只不过是做做样 子罢了. Paraphrase 1 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation a

17、nd the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. (Para. 2) Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me. 3 Let me share with you something that you may not expect. You will miss your old routines

18、and your parents reminders to work hard and attain your best. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. 让

19、我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀 念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜 极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住： 未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。 Words and phrase 1. routine n C, U fixed and regular way of doing things 程序; 公事; 常规: She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement. do sth as a matter

20、of routine 按常规办事 attrib 作定语 routine tasks, chores, duties, etc 日常工作 日常事务 例行职责. C set sequence of movements in a dance or some other performance 舞蹈等表演的 成套动作: go through a dance routine 做一套舞蹈动作.routine adj usual; habitual; regular 通常的; 惯例的; 例行的:the routine procedure 例行手续 * routine maintenance 定期的保养 *

21、routinely adv. 2. attain v Tn succeed in getting (sth); achieve attain a position of power 获得权位 attain ones goal, objective, ambition, etc attain our target of 50000 达到我们的 50000 英镑的目标. attainable adj that can be attained These objectives are certainly attainable. attainment n U success in reaching 达

22、到; 到达:The attainment of her ambitions was still a dream. 她要实现抱负仍是一种梦想. C usu pl thing attained, esp skill or knowledge 成就; 造诣:.a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者. 3.finished adj pred (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth. (with sb/sth) (infml 口) I wont be finished f

23、or another hour. 我还有一个小时才能完事. Are you finished with my tools yet? 我的工具你用完了吗？ She decided she was finished with working for others. 她决定不再为别人做事. 4. may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilities She might have changed her mind and decided not to come. 5. foundation n U act of founding (

24、an institution, organization, etc) 建立, 创立, 创办: the foundation of the university C (a) (organization set up to provide) sums of money for research, charity, etc （为 研究 慈善事业等提供的）基金, 基金会: You may be able to get support from an arts foundation. C usu pl layer of bricks, concrete, etc forming the solid ba

25、se of a building underground 地基; 房基; 基础: lay the foundations of a building 给建筑物奠基 C, U principle, idea or fact on which sth is based; basis （作为某事的）基本原则 思想或事实; 基础: lay the foundations of ones career 奠定个人事业的基础 * That rumor has no foundation. 那谣言没有事实根据. Grammar 一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有： 1、Can/may do sth ：

26、表示对现在内容的可能性的推测； 2、Must do sth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测。 二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型： 1、can/may have done sth：表示对过去内容的可能性； 2、must have done sth：表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。 例：It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.He may have got lost. Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied. I

27、 believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. Collocation note: 1 do 是最常见的表示“做”的动词。 e.g. Today I have a lot of work to do. 2do 常常和表示锻炼或劳动等方面的名词或动名词连用。 e.g. do physical exercise/the dishes/ones cooking Paraphrase 1. You will miss your old routines and your parents re

28、minders to work hard and attain your best. (Para. 3) Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and your parents reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can. 2. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried te

29、ars of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! (Para. 3) Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you finished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they wouldnt have to do your laundry any more!.Note: Pay attentio

30、n to the humor the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parents they all cried, but for different reasons! 3.But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. (Para. 3) Meaning: But you should know that your future can only be attained

31、 when it is built on a solid past. 4 For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations c

32、overing every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. I want to encourage you to make the most of th

33、is unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity. 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。 在这里，你们拥有丰富 的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性 图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团从文科社团到理科 社团、到社区服务等等。 你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。 你们要学着习惯点灯 熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。 我想鼓励你们充分利用这 一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲

34、和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 Words and phrase 1. unlike adj pred 作表语 dissimilar; different They are so unlike nobody would believe they were sisters. prep different from (sth); not like 与（某事物）不同; 不像.: Her latest novel is quite unlike her earlier work. 2. resource n C usu pl supply of raw materials, etc which

35、 bring a country, person, etc wealth 资源: rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources 自然的 矿产的农业的. 资源丰 富 (fml ) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative 才智; 机敏; 创造精神: a man of great resource 足智多谋的男子. 3. learned: a. (fml.) learned people have a lot of knowledge because they have read and studied a

36、lot 有学问的；博学的 My advisor is a very learned person and she could answer any question I asked. 4. caring: a. thinking about what other people need or want and trying to help them 关心他人的；乐于助人的 The school provides a caring environment for students. 学校为学生提供了充满关怀的 环境。 5. faculty C usually plural a natural a

37、bility to hear, see, think, move, etc: the faculty of sight 视力 the mental faculties 智力 C of/for doing sth a special ability to do a particular thing 做某事物的特殊才能:have a great faculty for learning languages 有学习语言的才能. She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people. (AmE) all the teachers of a parti

38、cular university or college 大学的全体教员. faculty members 6. facility n .U, sing ability to learn or do things easily 容易学好或做好事物的能力: have (a) great facility for (learning) languages 有（学习）语言的天才 He plays the piano with surprising facility. 他弹奏钢琴神乎其技. facilities pl circumstances, equipment, etc that make it

39、possible, or easier, to do sth; aids 能够或易於做某事的环境 设备等; 辅助物: sports facilities 运动设施 facilities for study 有助学习的设施 medical facilities 7. community n. sing the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole 社区; 团体; 集体; 社会:work for the good of the community 为集体利益服务 community servic

40、e 社会服务工作 n. group of people of the same religion, race, occupation, etc, or with shared interests 宗教信仰 种族 职业等方面相同的人构成的集体: the Chinese community in Paris 在巴黎的华侨团体 a community of monks 僧侣团体. 8. get by (on sth) manage to live, survive, etc (using the specified resources); manage; cope （靠某物）勉强维生; 设法维持;

41、对付: How does she get by on such a small salary? He gets by on very little money. 9. on: prep. 1) eating or drinking a particular type of food or drink in order to stay alive 靠生存 Using a cave as shelter, the man survived on wild berries and raw fish. 这个人以山洞为 住所，靠吃野果和生鱼活了下来。 2) using a particular type

42、 of fuel or electrical power in order to operate 靠运行 Why cant we make a car that runs on water? 我们为什么不能制造出靠水力行驶的 汽车呢？ 10. fascinating adj extremely interesting: The book offers a fascinating glimpse of the lives of the rich and famous. 11. pursue v Tn (fml ) follow (sb/sth), esp in order to catch or

43、 kill; chase pursue a wild animal, a thief (continue to) be occupied or busy with (sth); go on with 进行She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree. I have decided not to pursue (ie investigate) the matter any further. 12 reap v to cut and collect a crop, especially corn, from a

44、 field Sow the wind and, reap the whirlwind (saying ) 播种的是风, 收割的是暴风 start sth that seems fairly harmless and have to suffer unforeseen consequences that are serious or disastrous 原无大害的事,後果却不堪设想. (fig ) receive (sth) as a result of ones own or others actions 获得 reap the reward of years of study 从多年研究

45、中获得报偿 Paraphrase 1. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. (Para. 4) Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life. 2. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the countr

46、y, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to .community service and so on. (Para. 4) Meaning beyond words: Here the president is introducing to students the many resources av

47、ailable on campus: interesting schoolmates, knowledgeable and helpful teachers, a big library, great sports equipment, various student organizations, etc. All these will help make students campus life colorful and fulfilling. 3. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. (Par

48、a. 4) Meaning: You will have the freedom to examine and learn about new subjects. 4. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. (Para. 4) Meaning: You will learn to manage with very little sleep, meet very interesting people, and find new interests. 5. I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity. (Para. 4) Meaning: I want to encourage you to do all you can t