2018全国Ⅰ卷英语高考真题.pdf

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1、20182018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英英 语语（考试时间：120 分钟试卷满分：150 分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分听力听力(共两节，满分共两节，满分 3030 分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题

2、；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.答案是 C。1.What will James do tomorrow?A.Watch a TV program.a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.Shes generous.helpful.3.When does the train leave?A.At 6:

3、30.10:30.B.At 8:30.C.AtB.Shes curious.C.ShesB.Give a talk.C.WriteB.9.18.C.9.15.4.How does the woman go to work?A.By car.bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.B.On foot.C.ByC.Doctor and patient.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对

4、话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changing her major.7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology.B.Education.C.Chemistry.听第

5、 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the man?A.A hotel manager.B.A tour guide.C.A taxi driver.9.What is the man doing for the woman?A.Looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.I

6、n an office.B.At homeC.At a restaurant.11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A.Go to a concert.hours.B.Visit a friend.C.Workextra12.Who is Alice going to call?A.Mike.B.Joan.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does the woman meet the man?A.To look at an apartment.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To ha

7、ve a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A.Its color.B.Its design.15.What does the man say about the kitchen?A.Its a good size.B.Its newly painted.equipped.16.What will the woman probably do next?A.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is the speake

8、r probably talking to?A.Movie fans.B.News reporters.students.18.When did the speaker take English classes?A.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.20.What does the speaker mainly t

9、alk about?A.How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分第二部分阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 4040 分分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)C.Catherine.C.Its quality.C.Its adequatelyC.Make payment.C.CollegeC.Hes grateful.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A AWa

10、shington,D.C.Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a

11、history lesson about the trees andthe famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability the cherryblossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most pop

12、ular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts andhistory at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3

13、hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeableguides will entertain you with the most,interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes

14、and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites funand relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the

15、monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and theNational Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts andhistory.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vestsand safety lights.21.Which tour do you nee

16、d to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.C.Visit well-known museums.

17、B.Go to a national park.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role

18、 showing families how to prepare delicious andnutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chefMatt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 perfamily a day.And the Good Morning Br

19、itain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of whatshes leant into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.We love Mexican churros,so I buythem on my phone from my local Mexican takeawayrestaurant,she explains.I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them fo

20、r 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimeswere not aware how cheaply wecan make this food ourselves.The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVsSave Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how t

21、o get value from the vast range ofhealth products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need ofsome delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms

22、 the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.C.

23、He assists her in cooking matters.her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.readers.C.Add some background information.discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartCLanguages have been coming and going for thous

24、ands of years,but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of eachother.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had

25、just five to tenmillion people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and theirlanguages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state

26、and the spread of universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all havecaused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish andChinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.

27、The distribution of these languages isB.Balancing Our Daily DietD.Cooking Well for LessD.Introduce a new topic forB.Provide some advice for theB.He prepares food for her kids.D.He invites guest families forD.She has had a tight budget forB.ShehasstartedanewC.Making yourself a Perfect Chefhugely unev

28、en.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken bymany people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has onlyaround 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2 400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone

29、accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewerpeople than that.Already well over 400 of the total of,6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),withonly a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in C

30、ameroon(eight remainingspeakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjiguin Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.Th

31、ey were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.29.Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About

32、 2,400D.About 1,20031.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the fi

33、rst sight ofsomething shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)wellafter they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as theseoutdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power

34、 these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eachproduct throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use

35、has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVsdefined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,andLCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accum

36、ulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.Theliving-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,youhave a TV in every room of the house,said one researcher.The average number of electronicdevices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2

37、007.Were not just keeping these olddevices we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktopmonitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumptionand contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 t

38、o 2007window.So whats the solution（解决方案）?The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchersalso explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics thatserve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They foundthat more on-demand e

39、ntertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computerscould cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.B.They are no better than the33.Why did Babbitts tea

40、m conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer

41、.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.C.Upgrade them.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room.Agrasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one

42、of the first steps to creating rooms youll loveto live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a placeto relax after a long day?36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it tofeel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniqu

43、es to help designers approachthis important point.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is that therere reallyonly three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,themedium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirro

44、rs and baskets that mostof us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and lessexpensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefitof being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as s

45、ofas,dinner tables orbookshelves39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they havea more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whetheryoure looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative ex

46、pense put into it aresignificant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorB.Take them apart.D.Recycle them.D.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to

47、 be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分第三部分语言知识运用语言知识运用(共两节，满分共两节，满分 4545 分分)第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college，I

48、was told that the education department wasoffering a freecourse,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea of taking theclass because,after all,who doesnt want to42a few dollars?More than that,Id alwayswanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent43enough about free credits,news about our44was

49、 appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which45I would belearning from one of the games46.I could hardly wait to 47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this48wasno game for him:he meant business.In his introduction,he made it49that our cr

50、edits wouldbe hard-earned.In order to50the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on howwe plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,52,to our lives.Imanaged to get an A in that53and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the54.Ten years after my