2018年全国高考英语真题A卷.pdf

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1、word 绝密启用前试卷类型 :A 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷共 8页，满分 120分，考试用时 120外钟。注意事项： 1. 答卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B铅笔将试卷类型（ A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横貼在答题卡右上角条形码粘貼处”。因笔试不考听力 , 选择题从第二部分的“阅读理解 开始，试题序号从“ 21”开始。 2.作答选择题时 , 选出每小題答案后 , 用 2B铅笔在答題卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑 , 如需改动 , 用橡皮擦干净后 , 再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢

2、笔或签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上, 如需改动 , 先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答无效。4. 考生必须保证答題卡的整洁, 考试结束后 , 将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解 (共两节 ,满分 40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文 ,从每題所给的 A, B. C和 D四个选项中 ,选出最佳选项。A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3

3、hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms -

4、disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour in

5、cludes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will e

6、ntertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route ( 路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour fo

7、r an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water.

8、 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - word 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bic

9、ycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does

10、the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tig

11、ht budget. In Save Money: Good Food , she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes l

12、earnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay S for a portion tit), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water

13、, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series (系列节目 ), Save Money Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money. Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range

14、of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend

15、 of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing guests. B.She has started a new programme. C.She dislikes working early in the morning. D.She has had a tight budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?

16、A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some backgrou

17、nd information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent t

18、imes there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten mil

19、lion people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - word Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer

20、in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as Engl

21、ish, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages, The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken b

22、y small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000: Africa 2,400, and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoke

23、n by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction ( 消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadj

24、igu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B.They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D.They were closely connected. 29.Which of the fo

25、llowing best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2? A. Complex B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will

26、 be created B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. D We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we ke

27、ep using our old devices(装置) our wallets - as these well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment- and outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues

28、at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were groupe

29、d by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt thr

30、ow out our old ones. The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house, said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these

31、 old devices- we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbit s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - word consumption and co

32、ntribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, su

33、ch as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the

34、 old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Whic

35、h of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分) 根据短文内容 ,从短文

36、后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design - something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just lookin

37、g for a place to relax after a long day? 36 ,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really on

38、ly three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 .Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and l

39、ess expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a

40、more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A.While all of them are useful B.Whatever youre lookin

41、g for C.If youre experimenting with a color D.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small

42、ones in two major ways 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - word 第三部分语言知识运用 (共两节 ,满分 45 分) 第一节 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文 ,从短文后各题所给的A,B. C和 D四个选项中 ,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the educ

43、ation department was offering a free course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was

44、appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster,which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made i

45、t 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well bey

46、ond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he 55 me:The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent ( 对手) is doing and 59 the best move fr

47、om among all your options,. These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B.earn C.save D.pay 43. A. excited B.worried C.moved D.tired 44. A. title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor 45. A. urged B.demanded C.held

48、 D.meant 46. A. fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest 47. A. interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat 48. A. chance B.qualification C.honor D.job 49. A. real B.perfect C.clear D.possible 50. A. attend B.pass C.skip D.observe 51. A. add B.expose C.apply D.compare 52. A. eventually B.naturally C.directly D.nor

49、mally 53. A. game B.presentation C.course D.experiment 54. A. criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation 55. A. taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised 56. A. fact B.step C.manner D.skill 57. A. grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments 58. A. analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control 59. A. annou

50、nce B.signal C.block D.evaluate 60. A. role B.desire C.concern D.behavior 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - word 第二节 (共 10 小题:每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文 ,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,