张汉熙《高级英语》第二册课后答案教学内容.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。张汉熙高级英语第二册课后答案-LessonOneFacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleI.LasVegas.LasVegascityistheseatofClarkCountyinSouthNevada.In1970ithadapopulationof125,787people.Revenuefromhotels,gambling,entertainmentandothertourist-orientedindustriesformsthebackboneofLasVegassec

2、onomy,Itsnightclubsandcasinosareworldfamous.Thecityisalsothecommercialhubofaranchingandminingarea.Inthe19thcenturyLasVegaswasawateringplacefortravelerstoSouthCalifornia.In1.855-1857theMormonsmaintainedafortthere,andin1864FortBakerwasbuiltbytheU.S.army.In1867,LasVegaswasdetachedfromtheArizonaterritor

3、yandjoinedtoNevada.(fromTheNewColumbiaEncyclopedia).1.Hedidntthinkhisfamilywasinanyrealdanger,HisformerhousehadbeendemolishedbyHurricaneBetsyforitonlystoodafewfeetabovesealevel.Hispresenthousewas23feetabovesealeveland250yardsawayfromthesea.Hethoughttheywouldbesafehereasinanyplaceelse.Besides,hehadta

4、lkedthematteroverwithhisfatherandmotherandconsultedhislongtimefriend,CharlesHill,beforemakinghisdecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.2.MagnaProductsisthenameofthefirmownedbyJohnKoshak.Itdesignedanddevelopededucationaltoysandsupplies.3.Charliethoughttheywereinrealtroublebecausesaltywaterwasseawater.Itsh

5、owedtheseahadreachedthehouseandtheywereinrealtroublefortheymightbewashedintotheseabythetidalwave.4.AtthisCriticalmomentwhengrandmotherKoshakthoughttheymightdieatanymoment,shetoldherhusbandthedearestandthemostpreciousthingshecouldthinkof.Thiswouldhelptoencourageeachotherandenablethemtofacedeathwithgr

6、eaterserenity.5.JohnKoshakfeltacrushingguiltbecauseitwashewhomadethefinaldecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.Nowitseemedtheymightalldieinthehurricane.6.GrandmotherKoshakaskedthechildrentosingbecauseshethoughtthiswouldlessentensionandboostthemoraleofeveryone.7.JanisknewthatJohnwastryinghisbesttocomfort

7、andencourageherforhetoofelttherewasapossibilityoftheirdyinginthestorm.1.Thispieceofnarrationisorganizedasfollows.introduction,development,climax,andconclusion.Thefirst6paragraphsareintroductoryparagraphs,givingthetime,place,andbackgroundoftheconflict-manversushurricanes.Theseparagraphsalsointroducet

8、hecharactersinthestory.2.Thewriterfocuseschieflyonactionbuthealsoclearlyandsympatheticallydelineatesthecharactersinthestory.3.JohnKoshak,Jr.,istheprotagonistinthestory.4.Manandhurricanesmakeuptheconflict.5.Thewriterbuildsupandsustainsthesuspenseinthestorybydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentssho

9、winghowtheKoshaksandtheirfriendsstruggledagainsteachonslaughtofthehurricane.6.Thewritergivesorderandlogicalmovementtothesequenceofhappeningsbydescribingaseriesofactionsintheorderoftheiroccurrence.7.Thestoryreachesitsclimaxinparagraph27.8.IwouldhaveendedthestoryattheendofParagraph27,becausethehurrica

10、nepassed,themaincharacterssurvived,andthestorycouldcometoanaturalend.9.Yes,itis.BecausethewriterstateshisthemeorthepurposebehindhisstoryinthereflectionofGrandmotherKoshak:Welostpracticallyallourpossessions,butthefamilycamethroughit.WhenIthinkofthat,Irealizewelostnothingimportant.1.Were23feetabovesea

11、level.2.Thehousehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehasevercausedanydamagetoit.3.Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.4.Watergotintothegeneratorandputitout.Itstoppedproducingelectricity,sothelightsalsowentout.5.Everybodygooutthroughthebackdoorandruntothecars.6.Thee

12、lectricalsystemsinthecarhadbeenputoutbywater.7.AsJohnwatchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongsenseofguiltbecauseheblamedhimselfforendangeringthewholefamilybydecidingnottofleeinland.8.()hGod,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisstormsafely.9.GrandmotherKoshaksangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegradually

13、grewdimmerandstopped.10.Janisdisplayedratherlatetheexhaustionbroughtaboutbythenervoustensioncausedbythehurricane.Seethetranslationofthetext.1.main:aprincipalpipeorlineinadistributingsystemforwater,gas,electricity,etc.2.sitout:stayuntiltheendofeby;(AmericanEnglish)payavisit4.blowin：burstopenbythestor

14、m.5.douse:putout(alight，fire，generator。etc。)quicklybypouringwateroverit6.kill：(AmericanEnglish)tocause(anengine-etc)tostop7swath：thespacecoveredwithonecutofascythe;alongstrip0rtrack0fanykind8bar：ameasureinmusic；thenotesbetweentwoverticallines0namusicsheet91eanto：ashedorothersmalloutbuildingwithaslop

15、ingrooftheupperendofwhichrestsagainstthewallofanotherbuilding10Seabee：amemberoftheconstructionbattalionsoftheCivilEngineerCorpsoftheUSNavy，thatbuildharborfacilities，airfields，etcSeabeestandsforCB,shortforConstructionBattalion1destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。dem

16、olish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolishatheorywithafewincisivecomments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤。如说annihilateanenemyforce，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilateonesopponentinadebate，是指彻底驳倒对手。2。decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：Histeethhavebegun

17、todecay(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。)rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rottingapples(烂了的苹果)。spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fishspoilsquicklyinsummer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。)molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Oldbuildingsmolderaway(老房子渐渐腐烂了。)disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocksdisintegratedbyfrostandrain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Watercallbedeco

18、mpose(bedecomposed)intohydrogenandoxygen(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。.1.television=tele+vision,acombiningformtele-plusanounvision.Furtherexamples,telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.2.northwestward=north+west+wardornorthwest+ward.-wardisasuffixmeaning“ina(specific

19、)directionorcourse.Furtherexamples:eastward.westward.backward,upward,inward,outward,seaward,home-ward.etc.3.motel=motorist+hotel,ablendwordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.Furtherexamples:smog=smoke+fog.smaze=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop=triumph,etc.4.bathtub=

20、bath+tub,acompoundwordformedbycombiningtwonouns.Furtherexamples:bathrobe,bathroom.bedroom,roommate,butterfly,dragonfly,football.housekeeper,etc.5.returnees=return+ees,averbplusanounformingsuffix-eedesignatingapersoninspecifiedcondition.Furtherexamples:employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nomine

21、e,interviewee,divorcee.IX.1.lashasinCamillelashednorthwestwardacrosstilegulfofMexico.Avividwaytosaystrikewithgreatforce.2.pummelasinItwascertaintopummelGulfport.Becausethewordisoriginallyappliedtohumanbeings,meaningbeatrepeatedlywiththefists.3.whipasinWindandrainnowwhippedthehouse.Becauseitismoreviv

22、idthanfallheavilyon.4.killasintheelectricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater.Becauseitleavesadeeperimpressiononthereadersthanstopdoes.5.inchoneswayasinWaterincheditswayupthesteps”Itmakesthereadersalsoseeclearlythatwaterwasrisinglittlebylittle.6.botherasinnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Itvirtuallymeansdodama

23、getohere.7.lapasinJohnwatchedthewaterlapatthesteps,meaningextendbeyondsomelimitor,infact,riseslowly.8.skimasinthehurricane.liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair,whichgivesthereadersadeepimpressionofhowstrongthewindwas.9.seizeasinItseizeda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltank1anddumpe

24、dit3ymilesaway.Itseemedasifthehurricanehadaverystrongandlargehand.10.crackandsnapasinTelephonepolesand20-inchthickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem,providingthereaderswithavividpictureofwindsblowingviolently.X.Simile:1.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.(comparingthepas

25、singofchildrentothepassingofbucketsofwaterinafirebrigadewhenfightingafire)2.Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.(comparingthesoundofthewindtotheroarofapassingtrain)Metaphor:1.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.(comparingthehouseinahurricanetoashipfightingastormatsea)2.Windandrainnowwhippe

26、dthehouse.(Strongwindandrainwaslashingthehouseasifwithawhip.)Personification:1.Amomentlater,thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.(Thehurricaneactedasaverystrongpersonliftingsomethingheavyandthrowingitthroughtheair.)2.Itseizeda600,000-gallonGulfp

27、ortoiltankanddumpedit31/2milesaway.(Thehurricaneactedasaverystrongmanliftingsomethingveryheavyanddumpingit31/2milesaway.).Ellipticalandshortsimplesentencesgenerallyincreasethetempoandspeedoftheactionsbeingdescribed.Henceinadramaticnarrationtheyservetoheightentensionandhelpcreateasenseofdangerandurge

28、ncy.Forexamplesseethetext,paragraphs10-18and21-26.Thetopicsentenceofparagraph1isJohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad.ThisideaisdevelopedorsupportedbyfactsorreasonsshowinghowJohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebadThelastsentenceintroducessomeothercharactersinhestoryandservesasa

29、transitiontothenextimportantpointinthestorywhyJohnKoshakJr，decidednottoabandonhishome在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。Thesentencefragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。Therun

30、onsentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。Thedanglingmodifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、

31、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。Theillogicalorfaultyparallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and与主句相联。关联连词(bothand，eitheror等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。Theshiftinpointofview：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中

32、的错句可改正如下：ThebasketballgamewascanceledbecausehalfoftheplayerswereinbedwithfluThesesnakesaredangerous。However，mostsnakesarequiteharmless3Lookingouttowardthehorizon，sheSawonlytheoldcabininwhichMarywasborn，asinglecottonwoodthathadescapedthedroughtandtheapparentlyboundlessexpanseofsunburnedprairie4Weknew

33、thatalthoughthedocumentshavebeenstolentheyhavenotyetbeenseenbyaforeignagent5Lastyear，afterIhadgraduatedfromhighschoolmyfatherputmetoworkinhisoffice6Toappreciatethepoem，onemustreaditaloud71missedthatfilmbecauselhadtostayhometohelpmymotherwashclotheslastSunday8Drivingacrossthestate，onesawmanybeautiful

34、lakes9Unselfishpeoplearenotonlyhappierbutalsomoresuccessful1OIfinallyrealizedthatmydaydreamingwasnotmakingmebeautifulandslenderorbringingmefriends11Heisamanofwideexperienceandalsoofgreatpopularityamongthefarmers12Iaminterestedinelectronics，whichisanewfieldandwhichoffersinterestingopportunities10onew

35、hoknowsscience13Wecarefullyswepttheroomanddustedthefurnitureandtheshelves。14Ifonesmouthisdry，oneshouldeatalumpofsugarorchewgum15Youmustmakeyourselfinterestingtothegroupthatlistens23toyouandisconstantlytryingtodetectyourmistakesV.Omitted.XV.GaleKillsPeopleFourpeoplegotkilledwhenagalesweptacrosssevera

36、lpartsofSouthEnglandandWalesyesterday.Aschoolboyoftenwasstruckbyflyingdebrisandlosthislifewhentheroofofaprefabricatedclassroomwasblownoffandthewallscavedin.Theboywasoneofseventychildrenbeingledtosafety.Whentheteachersawtheroofbeginningtolift,heaskedhispupilstofollowhimtoasafeplace.Unfortunately,theb

37、oywaskilled.Anothertwochildrenweretakentohospitalwithslightinjury.Awoman,aged81,waskilledwhenachimney,dislodgedbyastrongwind,fellthroughtheroofofherhome.Anotherwoman,aresidentonthefirstfloorofabuilding,wasalsokilledoutrightbythefallingmasonry.Someresidentsweretakentohospitalandtherestevacuated.Adriv

38、ermethisdeathnearafillingstationwhenhiscarranintoatreethathadfallenacrosstheroad.LessonTwoMarrakech.Marrakech:inwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas,130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.Thecityrenownedforleathergoods,isoneoftheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco.Itwasfoundedin1062

39、andwasthecapitalofMoroccofromthenuntil1147andagainfrom1550to1660.ItwascapturedbytheFrenchin1912,whenitsmoderngrowthbegan.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.Yearlyrainfallis9inchesandlimitedtowintermonths.ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco.Morocco:LocatedinNorthAfrica,ontheMediterraneanSeaandthe

40、AtlanticOcean.MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Rabatisthecapital.Theestimatedpopulationin1973was15,600,000.About2000B.C.itwassettledbyBerbertribes,whohaveformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince.TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury,bringingwiththemIslam.Fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntilthe

41、early19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence.Butin1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones.Itgainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.Morocca

42、nsaremainlyfarmers(70%)whotrytogrowtheirownfood.Theyoftenusecamels,donkeysandmulestopulltheirplows.Inthesouthafewtribesmenstill,wanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert.1.Herearefivethingshedescribestoshowpoverty-(a)theburialofthepoorinhabitants(b)anArabNavvy,anemployeeofthemunicipality,beggingforapieceofb

43、read(c)themiserablelivesoftheJewsintheghettoes(d)cultivationofthepoorsoil;(e)theoldwomencarryingfirewood.2.Seeparagraphs1and2.3.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesasanimalsinsteadofashumanberags.4.MedievalghettoeswereprobablyliketheJewishquartersinMarrakech-overcrow

44、ded,thousandsofpeoplelivinginanarrowstreet,housescompletelywindowless,andthewholeareadirtyandunhygienic.5.IfHitlerwerehere,alltheJewswouldhavebeenmassacred.6.Thosewhoworkwiththeirhandsarepartlyinvisible.ItsonlybecauseofthisthatthestarvedcountriesofAsiaandAfricaareacceptedastouristresorts.Thepeoplear

45、enottreatedashumanbeings,anditisonthisfactthatallcolonialempiresareinrealityfounded.7.Seeparagraph18.8.Theoldwomanwassurprisedbecausesomeonewastakingnoticeofherandtreatingherasahumanbeing.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosay,asabeastofburden.9,Everywhitemanthought.Howmuchlongercanwegoonkiddi

46、ngthesepeople?Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?Theyknewtheycouldnotgoonfoolingtheseblackpeopleanylonger.Somedaytheywouldriseupinrevoltandfreethemselves.1.Yes,itis.InthisessayOrwelldenouncestheevilsofcolonialismorimperialismbymercilesslyexposingthepoverty,miseryanddegradationofthenat

47、ivepeopleinthecolonies.2.Hemanagestoshowthatheisoutragedatthespectacleofmisery,first,throughtheappropriateuseofwordssecond,throughthecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes;third,throughthetoneinwhichhedescribesthesescenesandfinally,bycontrastingtheindignationatthecruelhandlingofthedonkeywiththeunconcern

48、towardsthefateofthehumanbeings.3.Becausethatshowsthecrueltreatmentthedonkeysreceiveevokesagreaterfeelingofsympathyinthebreastsofthewhitemastersthanthemiserablefateofthepeople.Thiscontrasthaveonthereaderaneffectthatthepeoplearenotconsiderednortreatedashumanbeings.4.Paragraphs4-7couldaswellcomeafter8-15asbefore.Othergroupsofparagraphscouldberearranged.Thisindicatesthatthewholepassageismadeup