2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷英语（一）模拟四.pdf

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1、2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷英语（一）模拟四2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷英语（一）模拟四考生注意事项考生注意事项1.答题前，考生应按照准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息，粘贴“考生信息条形码”。2. 将试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴到答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。考生不按照规定粘贴条形码影响考试的结果，考生责任自负。3. 客观题答案填涂按照答题卡上的要求用 2B铅笔完成。 如需改动， 必须用橡皮擦干净。 英译汉和写作部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。字迹要清楚。试卷条形码Sec

2、tion I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)Memory is special in our life. Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning towal

3、k? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldomleventsmuch earlier than the year or so before entering school,2children younger than three or four rarely3anyspecific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been4by psychologists for this childh

4、ood amnesia. One arguesthat the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not _5_ untilabout the age of two. But the most popular theory6that, since adults dont think like children, theycannot _7childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memo

5、ries are like stories or8 one event follows another as in a novel or film.9, when they search through their mental10for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the11.Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annett

6、e Simms offers a new12for childhood amnesia. She argues that theresimply arent any early childhood memories to recall. Children need to learn to use someone elses spoken13of their personal experiences in order to turn their own _14_, quickly forgotten15of theminto long-term memories.16, children hav

7、e to talk about their17and hear others talk aboutthem Mother talking about the afternoon18looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them abouttheir day at Ocean Park. Without this19reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form20memories of their personal experiences.1. A reaffirmB inter

8、pretC recallD illustrate2. Al sinceB even thoughC as ifD just as3. A containB retainC obtainD sustain4. A refutedB defiedC proposedD witnessed5. A matureB harvestCreapDmutual6. A estimatesB assessesC declinesD maintains7. A reflectB approachC accessD acquire8. A narrativesBprescriptionsC communicati

9、onsD descriptions9. A HenceB HoweverC ThusD Even10. A depositsB dreamsC flashesD files11. A modelB patternC frameD formula12. A emphasisB assertionC explanationD assumption13. A descriptionB manipulationC regulationD coordination14. A acuteB chronicC long-termD short-term15. A impressionsB beliefsC

10、mindsD insights16. A In all sensesB In some casesC In other wordsD In all aspects17. A influenceB maintenanceC existenceD experiences18. A takenB utilizedC appliedD spent19. A habitualB verbalC uniqueD particular20. A permanentB mentalC spiritualD consciousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirec

11、tions: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text OneAsked to pen an endorsement for Paul Allens new autobiography, Bono, a well-known musician, declaresthat the co-founder of Microsofts “intellect an

12、d generosity of spirit are there on every page”. He is only halfright. “Idea Man” does provide plenty of insights into the ways in which Mr. Allen has helped revolutionizeeverything from software to space travel. But its pages are also permeated by bitterness towards Bill Gates, theman with whom he

13、created a company that transformed the world of technology. Indeed, there are enough sourgrapes in these pages to fill an entire vineyard.Theironyisthattheprimaryfocus ofMr.Allensresentmenthisco-foundersintensecompetitiveness is also one of the things that propelled Microsoft to greatness. That trai

14、t, and the tension thatit provoked between the two men, is evident from the time they meet at school. Mr. Allen describes how Mr.Gates became restless when a practical joke he played on Mr. Allen backfired. In another scene, he portrays hispal sweeping the pieces off a chessboard in fury when he los

15、t yet another game to Mr. Allen.As any veteran of a start-up will tell you, the strains of building a company can be enough to undermineeven the strongest partnerships. In the case of Microsoft, set up in 1975, the surprising thing is that the unionbetween the two men lasted as long as it did given

16、the tension that already underlay their friendship. Mr. Alleneventually walked out of the company in 1983, leaving Mr. Gates in sole charge of Microsoft, which then wenton to turn both men into billionaires.The main reason the tandem held together for more than a couple of years was that each of the

17、entrepreneurs brought something valuable to the table. Mr. Gatess single-minded focus on winning everything,whether a chess game or a vital business deal, was complemented by his partners ability to see the biggerpicture an ability reinforced by Mr. Allens diverse set of outside interests, ranging f

18、rom music to sport andscience fiction. Mr. Allen acknowledges that the two men were “extraordinary partners”. He likens their unionto that of Bill Hewlett and David Packard, or Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founders of Google.But rather than going on to give Mr. Gates the considerable praise he is

19、 due for turning Microsoft into acorporate Leviathan as its chief executive, the book instead dwells on the clashes that the two men got into overthe size of their respective ownership stakes while they were still working togetherarguments that were fueledby Mr. Gatess fear that his partner was not

20、sufficiently committed to making Microsoft a success. In the end,Mr. Allen, who has already suffered two bouts of cancer, decided to leave to pursue other projects.21. In the beginning, Bonos remark is quoted to _.A explain the charm of Mr. AllenB introduce the following topicC show respect to the c

21、o-founderD emphasize authority of the book22. The story of chessboard fury attempts to indicate that _.A Mr. Allen envies his partnerB Mr. Gates is bad temperedC Mr. Gates is fairly aggressiveD Mr. Allen often fails in games23. According to paragraph 3, we learn that _.A friendship is vulnerable to

22、working pressureB the two giants have never given in to break-upC being billionaires destroyed their partnershipD it is full of stresses to keep a start-up for long24. Which of the following can best describe Mr. Gates?A A penny saved, a penny earned.B A friend in need is a friend indeed.C Birds of

23、a feather flock together.D Cannot see the wood for the trees25. This passage seems to be a(n) _.A autobiographyB book reviewC preface to interviewD newspaper reportText TwoDu Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of educationthat tended to restrict rat

24、her than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called theTuskegee machine of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U.S.As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washingtonpro

25、vided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were is southern black agriculture, Du Bois s career spanned both sides ofthe Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from FiskUniversity in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the

26、 Atlanta UniversityStudies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the UnitedStates from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil fights. Among his works wasthe famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negr

27、o: A Social Study, in which he examined thatcitys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois s Philadelphia study was thepioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize theNiaga

28、ra Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of theNAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and yout

29、hshould have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate,stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2)secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should n

30、ot be monopolized by anyspecial class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools butalso the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men wasthat Washington sought change that was evo

31、lutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas DuBois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed aconcept referred to as the talented tenth, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receivea traditional college

32、education in preparation for leadership.26. According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT _A an editor.B an educator.C a scholar.D an official.27. It is Du Bois s belief that _A the blacks have a priority in terms of education.B higher education should be free for all races.C

33、everyone has an equal fight to education.D development in education should be gradual.28. Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Bois s political stand was _A less popular.B more radical.C less aggressive.D more conservative.29. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A Washingto

34、n would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C Washington would not support determined activist leadership.D The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

35、 _A many blacks are prepared for leadership.B Du Bois was in favor of elite education for blacks.C Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.D only the top 10 percent are worth educating.Text ThreeOur analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educat

36、ionalobstacles prior to the Ph. D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysissuggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought tofacilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our wor

37、k force. How could this be done?There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certainamount of financial capital which will create jobs are allowed to immigrate. A foreigner who invests onemillion dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-

38、unemployment area, which creates jobs for atleast ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e. a green card). We suggest extending the ideafrom financial to human capital.Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph.D.s must be sponsoredby thei

39、r employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S.employers sponsorship, certify that no American can do this job.” Then, the would-be immig

40、rant must applyfor immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes right, the entire processtakes about two years, which is considerably more for citizens of certain countries. But things may not go right:there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer o

41、r the alien must hire an immigration lawyer. Thecurrent process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer and hence, it unfairlypenalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent.The Immigration and Naturalization Act

42、 of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors andresearchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year; itdoes not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.We budget that automatic green cards be giv

43、en to all those who obtain a Ph.D. in the science andengineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a guaranteed green card proposal, we would berecognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by givingequal weight to human capital and f

44、inancial capital.31. Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of _A brain gain in the United States.B the cause of problems of the black people.C the U. S educational programs for blacks.D the procedure of foreign students immigration.32. Which of the following statements wi

45、ll the author most probably agree with?A Foreign students are a new source of financial capital.B Ph. D. graduates should automatically be given green cards.C Foreign Ph.D. graduates may function as a kind of capital.D Foreign investors ought to immigrate to high unemployment areas.33. A foreign gra

46、duate student who applies for immigrant status must have _A a U. S. employer s sponsorship.B financial capital to create ten jobs.C a job in an American company.D the help of an immigration lawyer.34. Smaller enterprises have difficulty using foreign talent because of _A the costly recruiting proces

47、s.B the expensive legal counsel.C the competition from big companies.D the inability to provide sponsorship.35. The authors proposal differs from the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 in _A the kind of green card.B the amount of investment capital.C the budget for the whole process.D the ce

48、rtainty of issuing green cards.Text FourAs the famous English poet Oscar Wilde counseled, Personality must be accepted for what it is. Youmustnt mind that a poet is a drunk. Well defer to Wilde on the debt that literature owes to alcohol, but he wasdefinitely on shakier ground in implying that a man

49、s personality is what it is and will remain what it is until heis cold in the ground. Although that belief has found support in both casual observation and science, it suffersfrom a basic error. Really, people, can we start recognizing that just because something does not change doesntmean that it c

50、annot change?One hint of the changeability of personality comes from the arrival, finally, of long-term studies that followpeople for decades. As people age from 20 to 40, a 2006 study reported, they tend to become more conscientiousand emotionally stable. After age 40, they tend to become less open