实验针灸学教学大纲.doc

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1、实验针灸学教学大纲Experimental Acupuncture Science Syllabus实验针灸学是在中西医学科学理论指导下,应用现代科学技术和实验方法,研究针灸学基础理论.刺灸效应和机理,探索针灸对人体生命活动影响规律的一门新兴科学。它是针灸学科新的分支,也是针灸学现代科学研究的重要基础。Experimental Acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine under the guidance of scientific theory, the application of modern sci

2、ence and technology and experimental methods to study the theoretical basis of Acupuncture. Thorn moxibustion effect and mechanism of acupuncture on the human body to explore the impact of the law of life an emerging science. It is a branch of the new disciplines of Acupuncture; Acupuncture is also

3、an important basis for modern scientific research. 实验针灸学包括理论课和实验课两部分.在理论课方面,本大纲所列的项目内容均是要求学生学习的内容。为体现教学计划.教学时数及本学科教学目的性，本大纲的内容按教学三级要求(掌握、熟悉、了解)，要求掌握的内容均为学生必备的医学基础知识。重点内容(要求在充分理解的基础上，能熟练掌握，准确表达其基本概念。基本原理及意义，包括必要的记忆，并能联系实际，分析综合，灵活应用。要求熟悉的内容是使学生能在理解的基础上用自己的语言表达其基本概念。基本过程.临床意义及相关的影响因素,并熟悉其应用范围;了解的内容是要求学

4、生了解其基本概念.应用性意义及及相关的影响因素。讲授内容要从培养目标出发，理论联系实际,充分发挥学生学习的主动性和积极性,强调在自学的基础上，采用课堂讲授。讨论等多种教学形式,充分应用多媒体教学，努力提高教学质量和教学效果。Experiments, including the theory of Acupuncture and laboratory courses in two parts. In regard to theoretical courses, the outline of the contents are listed in the project is to require

5、students to learn the content. To realize the program. Teaching hours and the teaching purpose, the outline of the contents of the three-tier by the teaching requirements (master, familiar with and understand), the requirements are to master the contents of the medical students the basic knowledge r

6、equired. Focus on the content (in the full understanding of the requirements on the basis of the master can accurately express its underlying concepts. The basic principles and significance, including the necessary memory, and with practice, analysis of a comprehensive, flexible application.Familiar

7、 with the contents of the requirements is to enable students to understand the basis in their own language to express their basic concepts. The basic process. The clinical significance and impact of relevant factors, and are familiar with the scope of its application; understanding requires that stu

8、dents understand the basic concepts of its. Applications of the meaning and impact and related factors. Training objectives from the teaching content, the theory with practice, give full play to the students to learn initiative and enthusiasm, emphasis on self-study, based on the use of classroom le

9、ctures. Teaching and other forms of discussion, the full application of multimedia teaching and strive to improve the quality of teaching and teaching effectiveness为了提高学生实践能力和创新思维能力，现将原来理论课40学时减为32学时，实践课由32学时增为40学时，共72学时。In order to improve the ability of students to practice and innovative thinking

10、 ability, now that the theory of 40 hours reduced to 32 hours, practice lessons from 32 hours to 40 hours by a total of 72 hours.实验针灸学实验实验课包括实习和示教两部分，实验课的目的在于使学生学习基本的针灸实验方法及相关仪器的正确使用,验证.巩固和理解针灸学的基本理论:通过实验课能培养学生的动手.动脑及应用能力,科学思维方法和严谨的科学作风.本大纲所列实验项目是针推系针灸专业学生必作项目。Experimental Acupuncture Experiment cou

11、rses include teaching internships and two parts, the experimental course aims to enable students to learn the basic method of acupuncture and the correct use of equipment to verify. Consolidate and understand the basic theory of acupuncture: the adoption of the experimental classes be able to train

12、students in hands. minds and ability to think scientifically rigorous scientific methods and style. the outline of the pilot project is included in the Department of Acupuncture and students will make a project. 教学目的要求和内容The purpose of the requirements and content of teaching绪论Introduction【目的要求】1. 掌

13、握: 实验针灸学的定义和任务.2. 熟悉: 实验针灸学的研究方法及其在医学中的地位3. 了解：实验针灸学的指导思想及发展史.Requirements of Objective1. Grasp: the definition of experimental acupuncture and tasks.2. Familiar with: the experimental studies of acupuncture methods and their position in the medical3. To understand: the experimental study of acupunc

14、ture and history of the development of the guiding ideology.【教学内容】1. 实验针灸学的任务2. 实验针灸学的基本内容Content】1. The task of experimental acupuncture2. Experiment the basic content of acupuncture 理论部分教学的基本内容 实验指导及技能训练的内容 teaching the theory part of the basic content of experimental guidance and skills training

15、content3. 实验针灸学与传统针灸学的关系及其学术地位 实验针灸学与传统针灸学 实验针灸学在针灸学术发展中的地位3. Experimental acupuncture and traditional acupuncture and its academic status experimental acupuncture and traditional acupuncture experimental acupuncture in acupuncture in the status of academic development【教学方法】课堂讲授Teaching methods Clas

16、sroom teaching第一章 实验针灸学基本研究方法Chapter acupuncture basic experimental research method【目的要求】1. 掌握：实验针灸学科研选题的种类和原则。2. 熟悉：科研设计的基本步骤3. 了解：科研标书的书写Requirements of Objective1. Grasp: the experimental acupuncture research the types of topics and principles.2. Familiar with: the basic steps of research design3

17、. To understand: writing research proposals【教学内容】1. 实验针灸学的研究思路与科研设计 选题 文献检索 假说建立 立题Content1. Experimental studies of acupuncture and research design ideas topics Document Retrieval hypothesis-building title legislation2. 实验针灸学的研究方法 临床研究 实验研究2. Experimental studies of acupuncture methodsClinical Rese

18、arch Experimental study 【教学方法】课堂讲授、讨论。Teaching methods Classroom lectures, discussion.第二章 针灸学基础理论的现代研究Chapter based on the theory of acupuncture in modern research【目的要求】1. 掌握：经络现象、循经感传现象的概念。2. 掌握:穴位的功能、穴位感受刺激的特点、穴位反应病证的临床意义、穴位神经解剖结构分型。3. 掌握:经脉穴位与脏腑相关的含义及研究意义。4. 掌握:针灸作用的基本特点、影响因素；腧穴的特异性对针灸作用的影响。5. 掌握

19、:针灸的时效及量效研究对提高临床疗效的指导意义；针灸的时效过程及后效应。6. 熟悉：穴位病理反应、种类及特征；针刺穴位引起脏腑功能变化的作用途径；经脉穴位与脏腑相关的表现形式。 7. 了解：针刺穴位引起脏腑功能变化的作用途径；影响针灸作用的因素；腧穴的特异性对针灸作用的影响；量效中，毫针量效、艾灸量效与电针量效的异同点。Requirements of Objective1. Master: Meridian phenomenon through by a sense of the concept of mass phenomena.2. Grasp: the function of acupu

20、ncture points, acupuncture points to stimulate the feelings of the characteristics of the response points of the clinical significance of diseases, acupoint nerve anatomy typing.3. Master: meridian points associated with organs of the meaning and significance.4. To master: the role of the basic char

21、acteristics of acupuncture, the impact of factors; the specific acupoints on the effects of acupuncture.5. To master: Acupuncture and dose limitation to improve the clinical efficacy study guide; acupuncture process and after the effects of aging.6. Familiar: Point pathological response, the type an

22、d characteristics; Acupuncture cause functional changes in the role of organs means; meridian points associated with organs manifestations.7. To know: Acupuncture cause functional changes in the role of organs means; the impact factor of acupuncture; specific acupoints on the effects of acupuncture;

23、 dose-effect, the filiform needle dose, dose-effect of moxibustion and electro-acupuncture of the similarities and differences between dose-effect point.【教学内容：】1. 经络现象与经络实质 经络现象 经络实质3. 穴位的功能与结构 穴位的功能 穴位的结构 穴位针感的形成和传导Teaching content:1. Meridians and meridian phenomenon in real terms Meridian Phenome

24、nonMeridian real 3. Acupoints function and structure function points points of the structure sense the formation of needle points and conduction4. 经脉穴位与脏腑相关 经脉穴位与脏腑相关现象 经脉穴位与脏腑相关发生的机理5. 针灸作用的基本特点及影响因素 针灸作用的基本特点 影响针灸作用的因素6. 针灸时效和量效 针灸时效 针灸量效4. Meridians acupuncture points associated with organs merid

25、ians and acupuncture points related to the phenomenon of internal organs meridians and acupuncture points related to the occurrence of the mechanism of organ5. The role of the basic characteristics of acupuncture and its influencing factors the role of the basic characteristics of acupuncture factor

26、s affect the role of acupuncture6. Acupuncture prescription and dose-effectAcupuncture agingDose-effect of acupuncture【教学方法】课堂讲授（部分用多媒体），提问，讨论Teaching methods Classroom teaching (some with multi-media), to ask questions, discuss第三章 针灸效应及机理Chapter III Effect and mechanism of acupuncture【教学目的】 1掌握：疼痛、

27、针刺镇痛、针刺麻醉的概念；疼痛的性质、特点及研究的基本方法。2熟悉：针灸对人体各系统功能的调节3了解：针刺麻醉的基本方法及临床价值；针刺麻醉和针刺镇痛原理研究的意义及发展趋势。Teaching Objective1. Master: pain, acupuncture analgesia, the concept of acupuncture anesthesia; the nature of pain, characteristics and the basic methods of research.2. Familiar with: the human body acupuncture

28、on the regulation of the system3. Understand: the basic method of acupuncture anesthesia and clinical value; principles of acupuncture anesthesia and acupuncture analgesia and the significance of research trends.【教学内容】1. 针刺镇痛与针刺麻醉 疼痛 针刺（灸）镇痛 针刺麻醉 针刺镇痛原理2. 针灸对神经系统功能的调节 针灸对神经系统功能的调节作用 针灸治疗脑血管病的作用及机制 针

29、灸治疗癫痫的作用及其机制Content1. Acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia pain acupuncture (moxibustion) analgesiaAcupuncture anesthesia principles of acupuncture analgesia2. Acupuncture on the regulation of nervous system nervous system of acupuncture and moxibustion on the regulating role ofAcupunctu

30、re treatment of cerebrovascular disease the role and mechanism of the role of acupuncture and its mechanism of epilepsy3. 针灸对内分泌系统功能的调节 针灸对内分泌系统功能的调节作用 针灸调节内分泌系统功能的作用机制4. 针灸对免疫系统功能的调节 针灸对免疫系统功能的调节作用 针灸调节免疫系统功能的作用机制3. Acupuncture on the regulation of the endocrine system function acupuncture on the f

31、unction of the endocrine system regulating role Acupuncture Regulation of the endocrine system function in the mechanism4. Acupuncture on the regulation of the immune system acupuncture on the regulation of immune system function acupuncture regulation function of the immune system mechanism5. 针灸对呼吸

32、系统功能的调节 针灸对呼吸系统功能的调节作用 针灸调节呼吸系统功能的作用机制6. 针灸对循环系统功能的调节 针灸对循环系统功能的调节作用 针灸调节循环系统功能的作用机制5. Acupuncture on the regulation of respiratory function acupuncture on the regulation of respiratory function acupuncture regulation mechanism of respiratory function6. Acupuncture on the regulation of circulatory f

33、unction acupuncture on the regulation of circulatory functionAcupuncture the function of regulating mechanisms of the circulatory system7. 针灸对血液成分的调节（自学） 针灸对血液成分的调节作用 针灸调节血液成分的作用机制8. 针灸对消化系统功能的调节 针灸对消化系统功能的调节作用 针灸调节消化系统功能的作用机制9. 针灸对泌尿生殖系统功能的调节（自学） 针灸对泌尿生殖系统功能的调节作用 针灸调节泌尿生殖系统功能的作用机制7. Acupuncture on

34、the regulation of blood components (self) acupuncture on the regulation of blood components acupuncture regulation mechanism of blood components8. Acupuncture modulation of the digestive system acupuncture to regulate the digestive system function acupuncture regulation mechanism of the digestive sy

35、stem function9. Acupuncture on the function of the urogenital system of regulation (self-) urogenital system of acupuncture and moxibustion on the regulating role of functional acupuncture regulation function of the urogenital system mechanism【教学方法】 课堂讲授、自学、实验。Teaching methods 【】Classroom, self-lear

36、ning experiment.第四章 现代针灸应用技术研究Chapter IV Application of modern research of acupuncture【教学目的】了解：各种现代针具的基本原理及使用方法【教学方法】自学。Teaching 【Objective】Understanding: the modern needle and how to use the basic principles ofTeaching methods Self-learning第五章 实验针灸学基本研究方法实习Chapter V Experimental acupuncture practic

37、e basic research methods实验（一） 基本操作技术Experimental (a) of the basic technique【实验目的】掌握：实验针灸学的基本操作技术。包括大、小鼠的捉法、麻醉、固定、尾静脉、眼眶采血，家兔的固定、麻醉、气管插管、颈总动脉插管、股动脉插管、输尿管插管及放血，动物的处死方法。Experimental ObjectiveGrasp: the basic experiment acupuncture technique. Including large, catch mice law, anesthesia, fixed, tail vein

38、, orbital blood, rabbit fixed, anesthesia, tracheal intubation, carotid artery, femoral artery cannulation, and bleeding ureteral intubation, animals were sacrificed method.实验（二）针刺内关穴治疗家兔实验性心律失常疗效的观察【实验目的】掌握：心律失常模型的制作，观察毫针针刺双侧内关穴及旁开对照点对家兔实验性心律失常疗效的影响，以验证针刺疗效及穴位特异性。了解：心电图机的使用方法Experimental (b) of acu

39、puncture treatment in rabbits Neiguan arrhythmia observed effectExperimental ObjectiveMaster: arrhythmia model to observe the filiform needle acupuncture points both within and adjacent to open customs control points on experimental arrhythmias in rabbits the effects of efficacy, to verify the effic

40、acy of acupuncture and acupoint specificity.Understanding: the use of ECG实验（三）针刺对家兔急性过敏性支气管痉挛的影响【实验目的】掌握：兔急性过敏性支气管痉挛模型的制作，观察针刺膻中、天突穴的抗过敏和平喘作用。了解：多媒体生理信息记录的使用方法。Experimental (c) Effect of acupuncture on acute allergic bronchospasm impactExperimental ObjectiveMaster: acute allergic rabbit model bronch

41、ospasm observed Tanzhong acupuncture, the days of break points of the anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic effect.Learn: Multimedia physiological use of the information recorded.实验（四）针刺对实验性肺水肿家兔呼吸状态的影响【实验目的】掌握肺水肿家兔模型的制作方法及针刺 中、素 穴对其呼吸状态的影响。Experiment (d) Effect of Acupuncture on experimental pulmonary e

42、dema in rabbits the effects of respiratory stateExperimental ObjectiveRabbit model of pulmonary edema to master the production methods and acupuncture, the Su-point of its impact on respiratory status.实验（五）艾灸至阴穴对家兔子宫活动的影响【实验目的】掌握艾灸至阴穴对家兔子宫活动的影响。Experimental to zhiyingxue moxibustion on rabbit uterin

43、e activityExperimental ObjectiveMoxibustion zhiyingxueg grasp of the rabbits to the effects of uterine activity实验（六）针刺抗惊厥作用【实验目的】掌握：小鼠惊厥模型的制作方法，观察针刺小鼠水沟穴对胰岛素过量致惊厥的缓解效应及针刺的急救效应。Experiment (f) anticonvulsant effect of acupunctureExperimental ObjectiveMaster: convulsion model in mice to observe acupunc

44、ture point in mice to insulin overdose ditch to alleviate the effects of seizures and the first-aid effect of acupuncture.实验（七）针刺退热作用【实验目的】掌握：家兔热模型的制作方法，针灸对细菌或非细菌性发热都具有退热效应，电针家兔大椎穴以观察针刺对细菌或非细菌性发热的退热效应；掌握电针仪的使用方法。Experiment (g) the role of acupuncture treatment for feverExperimental ObjectiveMaster:

45、rabbit fever model method, acupuncture bacteria or bacterial fever have a fever effect, electro-acupuncture in rabbits in order to observe the needle大椎穴of bacteria or bacterial fever antipyretic effect; to master the use of electro-acupuncture instrument Methods实验（八）针刺对失血性休克血压的影响 【实验目的】掌握：家兔失血性休克模型的

46、制作方法；家兔正常血压的测量方法，Experiment (h) hemorrhagic shock of acupuncture on blood pressureExperimental ObjectiveMaster: rabbit hemorrhagic shock model method; rabbits and normal blood pressure measurement method,实验（九）针刺“肾俞”穴的家兔肾泌尿量的影响【实验目的】本实验要观察家兔在水负荷情况下，针刺“肾俞”、“照海”穴对家兔肾泌尿量机能的调整作用。Experiment (9) Acupunctur

47、e Shenshu rabbit hole renal effects of urinary volumeExperimental ObjectiveRabbits in this experiment to observe the load in the water, the needle Shenshu, Zhaohai rabbit hole of renal function to adjust the amount of urinary function.实验（十）针刺不同穴位对小鼠耐缺氧时间的影响【实验目的】1掌握缺氧动物生存时间的延长效应及其不同穴位对该效应的影响；秒表的使用方法。Experimental (10) different acupuncture points on the time of hypoxia in miceExperimental Objective1. Hypoxia have extended the survival time of animals and their different effects on the eff