大学英语-翻译课件-正反译法3.ppt

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1、He returned safe and sound. 他安然无恙地回来了。 It is reported that the coalition troops are short of supplies. 据悉联军给养不足。 Withholding his opinion for the moment, he listened to his boss holding forth. 他没有再言语，听任老板在那里滔滔不绝。 Appearances are often deceptive. 外表往往是靠不住的。 The U.S.A accepted the peace proposal with d

2、ignity. 美国不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。,I cant agree with you more. 我完全同意。 We couldnt be more mistaken. 你们大错特错了。 He spared no pains doing this. 他为这件事竭尽全力。 She denied him nothing 她对他百依百顺。 . When conflict occurs in everyday life, Americans, instead of considering whose responsibility it is, will say sorry, so long

3、as it brings inconvenience to others. 当生活出现小摩擦时，美国人并不去考虑是谁的责任，只要给对方带来不方便，都要说一声sorry.,正反译法 nagation,Translation,When English words or sentences contain the negative meaning or the words never, no, not, or suffix non-，un-，im-，in-，ir-，-less, etc and Chinese words or sentences contain the negative meani

4、ng or the characters“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”etc，these words or sentences are called negative expression,Negation:,Translation,The method which expresses affirmative sentences in a negative way is called affirmative-negative expression. In the mean time, the method which expresses

5、negative sentences in an affirmative way is called negative-affirmative expression. Both the ways of expression are called negation in translation practice.,1.Affirmative-Negative expression 1.1Noun 1) There was a complete absence of information on the oil deposit in that area. 关于该地区的石油储藏情况，人们毫无所知。,

6、“不在”、“毫无”、“不在时间”等,2) Her child was in a terrible state of neglect. 她的孩子简直没人管。,可译为“不留心”，“没人管”,3) All international disputes must be settled through negotiations and the avoidance of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 (avoidance 可译为“不采取”。) 4)shortness of time has required the omission of some

7、 states. 由于时间不够，没能访问某些国家。,作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有： defiance (不顾，无视) denial (否认，否定) exclusion (排除) freedom (不，免除) lack (无，缺乏) failure (不成功，不足，不履行) refusal ( 不愿，不允许) loss (失去),1.2. Verb 1) He hates going to work late. 他不喜欢上班迟到。 （hate 可译作“不愿”，“不喜欢”。） 2) The doctor lost his patient. 医生没把病人治好。 （lose 可译作“未能治好”。） 3)

8、 The motor refused to start. 马达开不动。 （refuse 表示“不愿”、“不肯”、“无法”。）,Similar verbs: refuse（不愿，不肯，无法） fail（to do）（未能、没做到） lack（缺乏，没有） deny（不承认，不给） defy（不服从，不遵从，不让） differ（不同，不同意，不合） miss（未打中，未见到，未达到） forbid（不许 ） stop（不准） ignore（不理，不肯考虑）,1.3.Adjective or adjective phrase 1) She was deaf to all advice. 她不听一切

9、劝告. （deaf可译为“不听、置之不理”） 2) These elements are shielded so that they are free from the influence of magnetic field. 这些组件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁场的影响。 (free from 可译为“没有的”，“不受的影响”。),3) He would be the last man to say such things. 他决不会说这种话。 （last 可译为“决不会”，“极少可能”，“最不适合的”，“最不愿意的”等。）,Similar words or expressions: absent（

10、不在，不到） awkward（不熟练，不灵活，使用起来不方便 bad（令人不愉快的，不受欢迎的，不舒服的 blind（看不到、不注意） dead (无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的)，difficult（不容易的） foreign to（不适合于，与无关） short of （不够） poor（不好的，不幸的） ignorant of (不知道),1.4.Preposition 1) What you said is beside the question. 你所说的与本题无关。 （beside可译作“与无关。”） 2) But thats very extraordinary. It seems

11、against nature. 不过那件事很不平常，似乎不符合自然规律（against可译成“不符合”、“不利于”。）,3) The Theory of Relativity put forward by Einstein is now above many peoples understanding. 爱因斯坦提出的“相对论”，现在还有不少人理解不了。 （above表示品质、行为、能力超出某种范围之外，汉译时常用反说。）,Similar preposition: below（与不相称，不足，不值得 beneath（不值得，与不相称） beyond（为所不及） under（未满足，不足） wi

12、thout（无，不，没有，毫不） except（不包括） within（不超出，不出） instead of（而不是）,1.5.Adverb 1) She said idly, “well, what does it matter?” 她漫不经心的说：“哼，这有什么关系？” 2) The soldiers blazed away until they had no ammunition left. 士兵们继续不断地射击，直到他们的弹药用尽。 3) Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelope, and unfolded it. 他不慌不忙地从信

13、封里抽出信纸打开来。,1.6Conjunction and phrases 1) Ill do it now before I forget it. 我趁着还没有忘记的时候就做吧。 （before可译作“未就”，“还没有就”等。） 2) Life may well turn out to be the true, rather than exception. 很可能生命是普遍存在的，而不是一种例外，这一点很可能得到证实。 3) She is too careful not to have noticed it. 她那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。,4)The escaped criminal

14、is still at large. 逃犯仍未捉拿归案。 5)There are many energy sources in store. The problem has been to use the energy at a reasonable cost. 有许多能源尚未开发；问题始终是要以一个合理的代价利用这些能源。 6)I was at a loss to understand what he alluded to. 我无法体会到他谈话中所指的是什么。,1.7.some proverbs with negative meaning 英语中有些谚语和警句在结构形式上是肯定的，但却表示某

15、种否定寓意。我们在翻译时，也可采用正说反译法，尽可能用简练的汉语或相应的汉语成语来表达。例如： 1) Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven. 宁为鸡口，不为牛后。 2) Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。,3) Bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂。 4) Let sleeping dogs lie. 莫惹是生非。 5) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 6) Call a spade a spade.

16、 直言不讳。,7) He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. 欲加之罪，何患无辞。,2. Negative- Affirmative expression 有些英语否定句，用汉语的肯定词和肯定句来译更能符合汉语的习惯。还有英语中的双重否定句，除了可以译成汉语的双重否定句外，也可以译成肯定句。不论怎样去译，都要尽力把英语双重否定句所含有的各种肯定的语气和修辞效果表现出来。下面分类列举它们的翻译方法。,2.1.Noun 1) The machine has two serious disadvantages. 那机器

17、有两个严重缺陷。 （disadvantage不译成“不利情况”。） 2) The dishonesty of the city officials was exposed by the newspaper. 市政府官员们的欺诈行为被报纸披露。dishonesty不译为“不诚实”。）,2.2.Verb 1) By a sudden attack we uncovered the enemys right flank. 我们以突袭使敌人右翼暴露。 （uncovered不译作“不掩盖”。） 2) The cannons were dismounted for shipping. 这些炮弹被拆卸了以便

18、运输。（dismounted不译作“不装上”。）,2.3.Adjective 1) He gave me an indefinite answer. 他给我一个含糊的答复。 （indefinite不译成“不确定的”。） 2) He was in an uncomfortable predicament. 他陷于困窘的艰难处境中。 （uncomfortable不译作“不舒服”。） 3) It was inconsiderate of him to mention the matter in her hearing. 他实在轻率，竟在她在场时谈论此事。,2.4.Adverb 1) “I dont

19、know if I ought to have come,” she said breathlessly, grasping Sandys arm. “我不知道我该不该来”，她气喘吁吁地说，一把抓住桑迪的胳膊。 2）This country is now unprecedentedly expanding its industry. 这个国家目前正在以空前的规模发展其工业。,2.5.Phrase 1）To be or not to be, that is the question. 生存还是毁灭，这是值得考虑之点。 （not to be 不译作“不生存”。） 2）Dont lose time

20、in cleaning this machine. 赶快把这部机器擦好。 3）All men between 18 and 45 without exception are expected to serve in the army during the war. 所有18岁至45岁的男子统统要在战时服役。 4）Sir Andersons spies were not going to lose sight of me. 安德森爵士的密探一直在监视我的行踪。,2.6.Double negative sentences 1）There is no grammatical rule that ha

21、s no exception. 条条语法规则都有例外。 2）The charging of a condenser from a battery is not unlike the filling of a tank from an oil reservoir. 电池给电容器充电就像油罐给油箱加油一样。,4）It is none other than aluminium. 这就是铝。 5）There is no evil without compensation. 恶有恶报。 6）Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 有志者事竟成。 7）We can

22、t be too careful in doing experiments. 我们在做实验时应尽可能小心。 （也可译成“我们在实验时无论怎样细心也不过分”。）,当然，有的双重否定句也可以译成汉语的双重否定结构，如： There is no story without coincidence. 无巧不成书。 （这种译法语气要比正译法更强烈一些。） 上文所谈的正说反译法和反说正译法仅是在翻译英语否定结构时所采用的一般原则。在翻译实践中，对具体情况还要进行具体分析，切不可机械地套用这些规则，而要根据上下文具体的语言环境采用合乎汉语习惯的译法。,Practice,1.风景之美，非任何言语所能形容。 1

23、. The beauty of the scenery passes all power of description 2.星期四对我来说不方便，我们星期二碰头好吗？ 2. Thursday is rather awkward for meCould we meet on Tuesday？,3.他们的会面即使说不上轻松愉快，也是亲切的。 3. Their meeting is cordial，if hardly relaxed 4.毋庸置疑，中国的航空航天工业在过去的四十年中已取得了辉煌的成就。 4. It is beyond doubt that China has made brillia

24、nt achievements in aviation and space industry in the last forty years,5.他提前三天到达是我们没有想到的 His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation 6.The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。 7.Children were excluded from getting in the building. 孩子不许进入这幢楼房。 8.Such a chance denied me. 我没有得到这个机会。,9.The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释站不住脚。 10.I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我有一些信件没有及时答复。 11.Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 他衣服也不脱往床铺上横着一躺，很快就 睡着了。 12.He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 他75岁了，可是并不显老。,