新概念英语第三册笔记第36课(12页).doc

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1、-新概念英语第三册笔记第36课-第 12 页Lesson36 AChance in a Million 百万之一的机会New words and expression 生词和短语credulous kredjlsadj.轻信的 （always believing what you are told, and therefore easily deceived）(往往是形容人,表示一种不满的评价,也可以形容物,比如时代age.) 近义词 nave能够看出Credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。She was credulous when she listened to the salesma

2、n and bought the car for too much money.credible kredb()l a.可信的，可靠的（多形容物，也可形容人）。（to be able to be believed or trusted）a credible friend 一个值得信赖的朋友 但形容人更多用reliable trustworthythe student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. gullible glb()l adj.轻信的，容易上当受骗的 gul

3、lible tourists 轻信的旅游者naive: 天真的 not having much experience of how complicated life is so that you trust people too much and believe that good things will always happen。 naive girls 天真的女孩reliable adj. 十分可靠的a reliable source of information 有可靠来源的信息incredulous 怀疑的，不轻信的incredible 难以置信eg. An incredible s

4、tory of 5 days living on a desert islandunbelievable: extremely surprising 极端令人惊讶的fabulous: things that are mentioned in stories but do not really exist 不可思议的dragons and other fabulous creatures 龙和其他一些不可思议的动物improbablemprbb()l adj.不大可能的（不大可能发生的）（2、奇怪的、奇异的、荒谬的）（需要说明possible和probable的区别，possible是客观准确的

5、意义，完全能够实现，而probable是存在实现或发生的可能性，impossible和improbable同样道理，IMPOSSIBLE means no one can do it.it just simply cant be done on the other hand, IMPROBABLE means that something is unlikely to happen。improbable是不大可能会发生，只是正常情况下概率小，但并没有完全杜绝，也可能发生小概率事件，灰天鹅，白犀牛）improbably 不可能发生地improbability 不可能性probable 主语不能是

6、人 possible 主语不能是人 likely 主语可用人 类似certain的主语只能是物说的是事物的属性Possible一般用于客观上有发生的可能性，但暗示这种情况的可能性较小（即说话者对事件发生的可能性不抱有太大希望）。 It is not possible to finish the task tomorrow.Probable表示事物的可能性有充分的依据或者理由，让人有理由相信。It is probable that he has forgotten the date.eg. It is possible for him to win the game. eg. He is lik

7、ely to win the game.the only possible solution 唯一可能的解决方式the most probable result 最可能的结果the most likely story 最可能发生的事obscurebskj adj.不起眼的 （无名的不起眼的，默默无闻的）1) not at all well known and not very important不起眼的，不出名的an obscure village an obscure poet an obscure teacher2) difficult to understand 晦涩的，难懂的，朦胧的，

8、昏暗的 （because it involves so many parts or details）obscure legal phrases 难懂的法律词条obscurity bskjrt n. 默默无闻（鲜为人知的状态） 2、难懂性; 难懂之物live in obscurity 默默无闻的生活 注意介词in表示人处于某种状态remain in obscurity 始终保持默默无闻eg. Daniel Mendoza retired from boxing boring ring and died in obscurity.dim, unclear, vague, obscure, ambi

9、guous这组词都有“模糊”的意思，其区别是：dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。（暗淡，可能性低）Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。（不清晰，不明朗）Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.

10、经济是否好转仍不明朗。vague veg a.含混的，含糊的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，说明不清，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。eg. what he said is vague.obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。ambiguous mbgjs a. 模棱两可的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know

11、 which of the two roads to take. maidservantmedsv()nt n.女仆，女佣（中国叫婢女，丫鬟） 同义词：housemaidmaid n. 女仆；少女，姑娘 vt. 侍候；做新娘的女傧相 vi. 当女仆 bridesmaid 伴娘 bestman（groomsman）伴郎servant n. 仆人，佣人；公务员（public officer）；雇工civil servant 国家公仆presume przjum v.假定(指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉把某事认为事实（以在概率为基础的情况下进行假定），虽然还没确定的证据) take sth. as

12、 true 经常用的表达方式presume that接续 V I presume so VN We must presume innocence until we have proof of guilt V (that) VN-ADJ presumed dead also VN to inf 注意宾补1) to accept sth as true until it is proved wrong 认定某事已发生（假定某事为真）be presumed innocent 以为无辜eg. The kid was missing, presumed dead.2) to think you can

13、be sure of sth because it is likely, although there is no proof (预先)假定assume sjum（正式）指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真相（在没有证据的情况之下假定），含有较强的武断成分。eg. Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture.we can safely assume that 完全可以肯定eg. We can safely assume that he will wi

14、n the game.作为 假设/认为 的意思, 一般情况下两者可以通用，而两者的区别是根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断 assume是主动性的，有目的的，1、武断的，2、甚至与事实相反。是要用assume的东西来得出别的结论pressume是被动性的，被presumed的本身是要得出的结果，是在缺少足够信息的情况下presumed.这个主动被动不是说语法上的主动被动，而只是说语气。比如 let us assume that he is not coming, and so we will not prepare for him.you didnt tell me anything, so I p

15、resumed that you are not coming.suppose 最普通的用词猜想陈述自己的看法 I suppose that it was my fault.resume: rzjum; rzjme start again after a pause v. （中断后）重新开始，继续；重新回到，恢复（席位，地位或职位）；（停顿或被打断后）继续说；重选，重穿，重新占用eg. Resume the exercise of sovereignty of Hong Kong. 对香港恢复行使主权 svrnt n. 主权；主权国家wickedly wkdli adv.心眼坏地，居心叵测地w

16、icked wkd adj. 坏心眼的 （adj. 邪恶的；恶劣的；不道德的；顽皮的）the wicked stepmothermalignant mlgnnt adj. 恶性的医学；恶毒的a malignant tumor 恶性肿瘤a benign tumor 良性肿瘤 benign bnan adj. 良性的；和蔼的，亲切的a malignant look 凶恶的眼神vicious vs adj. 凶残的，恶毒的vicious rumor 恶毒的谣言 vicious attack恶意的攻击evil adj.罪恶的，邪恶的evil thoughts 邪念 evil deeds 罪恶行径sin

17、ful adj.罪孽深重的 sin 罪过; 罪孽；违背道德原则的行为 sinner 罪人devious divs adj.卑鄙的（人），不正直的（人）（不光明正大的）a devious manplot plt v.密谋 （n. 情节；图；阴谋vt. 密谋；绘图；标绘vi. 密谋；策划；绘制）to make a secret plan to harm a person or organization , especially a political leader or governmentv.密谋 一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人. eg. The criminals were plotting to

18、 rob the bank.plot our revenge 谋划复仇计划plot against the government 阴谋推翻政府plot to do sth with sb 和某人密谋要作事情scheme skim vt 图谋，策划（密谋，表不满） n 表示计划（中性，尤其是政府或机构的大规模的）scheme to get ones revenge 图谋复仇 Ponzi scheme 庞氏骗局intrigue：ntrig（书面语）n. 阴谋；诡计 vt. 用诡计取得intrigue against the tyrant 密谋推翻暴君conspire knspa v.(贬)图谋不轨

19、（一般是合谋） 不止一个人，conspiracy 阴谋诡计conspire with sb to do stheg. Conspire to overthrow the government.downfalldanfl n.倒台，垮台complete loss of your money, moral standard, social position etc., or the sudden failure of an organizationeg. The scandal led to the familys downfall. 丑闻使这个家庭瓦解了。eg. Gambling and dri

20、nk brought about his downfall 酗酒与赌博毁了他。eg. Laziness was his downfall 懒惰是他失败的原因。downpour 一场大雨eg. The downfall of rain has flooded the tiny village.大雨淹没了整个小村。snowfall 大雪waterfall 瀑布nave adj.天真的 (天真的；纯朴的；幼稚的)naively ADV 幼稚地naivety naivt; nivt n. 天真，天真、无邪的行为 your naivety is beyond belief.unacceptable ad

21、j.不能接受的accepted fact 被大众所接受的事实conspire V-T/V-I.(事件)巧合促成（积极时则为协力促成If events conspire to produce a particular result, they seem to work together to cause this result.） 许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了注意主语还可是eventsThings happen at the same time and lead to sth badConspire (with sb) to do sth 合谋（阴谋），协同 往往是to doeg. The b

22、ad weather and car trouble(a ditty hotel) conspired to spoil my vacation.eg. Poverty and illness conspired to throw him into despair.贫穷与饥饿让他陷入绝望之中。conspiracy 阴谋；共谋；阴谋集团 description描写，prescription处方关于conspire to (有一种这样的含意：许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了) 后接V1) Events conspire to bring about great difficulties for go

23、vernment2) They conspire to bring about the meeting of the two people.b) conspire to bring about 可写成 conspire towards(合力促成) conspire against(凑在一起反对)例：一切事情都和我作对All things conspire against me.一切因素都促成那种结果。All things conspire towards that result.incredible nkredb()l adj.难以置信的 （难以置信的，极好的，非常的）incredibly a

24、d同义词：tremendous , unbelievable , spectacular spektkjl 壮观的, fabulous，magnificent 壮丽的resemblance rzembl()nsn.相似 （相似；相似之处；相似物；肖像）bear a resemblance to sb bear a strong resemblance to 长得特别像/bear a striking resemblance to /bear a close resemblance tobear a little resemblance to 长得不像look like 长得像take afte

25、r 长得随likeness 普通用词，指人或物从外观看去，有很明显的相似之处，或完全相似。（总体而言）similarity 指不同的人或事物在外表、特征、程度或性质等方面（某些具体方面）有某些相似之处。Be similar to sb/ sth be familiar with sbresemblance 指外观或性质有相似之处。Resemble rzemb()l V-T If one thing or person resembles another, they are similar to each other. 像（状态动词，不用于进行时） 像，看起来像，显得像Eg: She close

26、ly resembles her sisteralike adv.一样地= similarly adv.同样地, 类似于 = equally adv.同样地, 相等地, 平等地= as well 也, 又, 同样 = in the same way adv.同样地I learned a lot from teachers and students alike we think alike the sun shines all alike 2、adj 相似的，相同的（一般做表语）their opinion are very alike the two brothers look very muc

27、h alike look alike be alikelikely 什么意思？ 可能的 be likely to do.很有可能Scorn skn n.嘲弄，挖苦 the feeling that sb is stupid（v&n鄙视，蔑视; 看不起you feel or show contempt for them）动词是vt，另外还有第二个意思，摒弃pour scorn on= look down upon 瞧不起，蔑视eg. Dont pour bitter scorn on those in miserable conditions. 不要恶意嘲弄那些境遇窘迫的人。eg. The pr

28、ess poured scorn on his private collection of paintings. 媒体对他的私人藏画展不屑一顾。pour laughter on sb 嘲笑pour curses on sb 恶意咒骂pour ridicule on sb不屑一顾 rdkjul n. 嘲笑，奚落 v. 嘲笑，奚落sniff at 不屑，轻蔑，嗤之以鼻eg. The eccentric sniffed at the snobbish.pour money into education 把钱投入教育/pour dollars into education pour cold wate

29、r on 给泼冷水pour oil on the flames 火上浇油eg. Despite all the scorn I was poured on, I followed my own path. 注意被动acquaint v.使了解 （非常正式的用语）to know sb or sth especially because you have met once or twice before be acquainted with sth/sbget fully acquainted with sth/sb对某事、某人十分熟悉/become fully acquainted with s

30、th/sbeg. I have been fully acquainted with him since I was in my college.eg. I became acquainted with the news over the radio. 我通过广播得知这一消息。acquaint sb with sth告知某人某事（也有acquaint sb with sth，但with更常见）eg. I acquaint my boss with my ideas. 我告知老板我的意见。make a person acquainted with sb :介绍某人同另一个人认识Let me ma

31、ke. acquainted with you.acquaintance . n. 熟人；相识；了解；知道make sbs acquaintance认识了某人（初次见面时） to meet someone for the first timeeg. Its my great privilege to make your acquaintance. 能认识您真是三生有幸。have a passing acquaintance with 与某人只有点头之交，没有深交/have a nodding acquaintance with have only slight knowledge or exp

32、erience of sthreunitev.使团聚be reunited with 重新团聚 /get reunited with eg. The long-lost brothers got Reunited after having been separated for so many years. unite v. 联合，统一起来the United Front 统一战线united adj.结合的，联合的，和谐的 make a united effort 共同努力a united family 和谐的家庭re- 再度，再次reschedule vt重新排定日程；重订时间表；重新计划

33、redraft 重新起草 reemployment 再就业（中国）revive the hope 重新燃起希望 rvav vi&vt（使）恢复，复兴，苏醒，复活return to family home 重返家园assumev.假定，认为（1、武断推测或2、不合逻辑的推理）If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly. 假设（假定肯定某事）presume 侧重以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。suppose 最普通的用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实，根据一

34、些现象进行的推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示自己的意见。guess 常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。assume 指有很少或完全无根据的1、武断推测或2、不合逻辑的推理。Text 课文a chance in a million one chance in a thousand可能性小eg. It is a chance in a million to meet you here.在这儿见到你可真是不容易呀a million 典型的夸张,目的是加强语气one in a million 百里挑一，那得的a wife in a million 难得的好妻子

35、a teacher in a million 难得的好老师a writer in a million 难得的好作家eg. Im so tired that I think I could sleep a year.我太累了，我觉得我能睡一年。-He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru. prumake my ears bleed 震耳欲聋eg. A single piercing scream that must have been audible in Peru. 一声刺耳的尖叫，肯定在秘鲁都能听到。We are less cred

36、ulous than we used to be.这是明显现在与过去的对比 eg. We are less credulous than we used to be. 我们不再像以前那样轻信于人了。are 表示现在的情况 / used to be 过去的情况eg. We are not so honest as we used to be.我们不像过去那么诚实了.谓语动词是be动词的时候用used to be,而不用used to 谓语动词是使役动词的时候用used toeg. He works less hard than he used to.In the nineteenth centu

37、ry, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion be presenting his readers with a series of coincidences most of them wildly improbable.19世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束.破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。Them 指一系列的巧合 而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束 eg. They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusi

38、on.bring sth. to a close (比较正式的) eg. It was .who brought meeting to a close.eg. They made a united effort to bring the work to a good conclusion. 他们共同努力使该项工作得以顺利完成。come to an end结束come to a close 接近尾声come to a stop停下来come to an agreement达成共识 arrive at an agreement 达成共识draw a conclusion得出结论draw a dis

39、tinction between 划清界限jump to a conclusion贸然下了断言present sb. with sth. 给某人提供present sth. to sb. Coincidence n 巧合by coincidence 巧合=by accident偶然eg. I am fond of writing, and by a funny coincidence, so is he!not a coincidence 不是偶然的巧合= more than a coincidence不是偶然的巧合most of them wildly improbable. 独立主格结构w

40、ild adj.（本意是野性的，野生的，狂野的）strong feeling or expressing uncontrollably引申出强烈的go wild with sth/run wild with sth 因为某事而变得的狂野和狂喜起来eg. The crowd went wild as soon as Jackson stepped onto the stage.eg. The small boy ran wild with his fathers promise to buy him a new toy. 这一句分析一下动词怎么跟形容词？become wild with joy

41、变得欣喜若狂起来wilderness n.荒野in the wilderness 退出政界的，下野的the Outs 在野党 the Ins 在朝党the ruling party 执政党Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant was really the heros mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the

42、 heros downfall.Fact的同位语从句，注意really副词的位置。a long- lost brothera long-faced wifelong-lived kinga long-lasting love 持久的爱情long-life batteries 耐用的电池presume的接续V I presume so VN We must presume innocence until we have proof of guilt V (that) VN-ADJ presumed dead also VN to inf 注意宾补and的并列，preparing a meal a

43、nd keeping an eye on the baby, slid off the back of the vehicle and on to to road.And plotting是和前面的was并列wickedly plotting to -居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来bring about:产生,引起 eg. Modern science has brought about great changes in life.Set up=Led to= give rise to= causeAnd so on. Modern readers would find such nave

44、solutions totally unacceptable.现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾find such naive solutions totally unacceptable 觉得这种解决办法很天真不能够被接受find sth. interesting 觉得什么有意思find sb. beautiful 觉得某人漂亮Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist woul

45、d find incredible. *牢记此句do加强语气,reallycircumstances do sometimes conspire to bring aboutcircumstances n.情况，情势；环境，场合under no circumstances 无论如何（也不）/in no circumstanceseg. Under no circumstances can you betray your country.be in easy circumstances 在安逸的境遇中surroundings n.周围，（建筑物），周围环境eg. It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.situation n.某一时期的形势，局势，周遭环境the economic situation 经济环境 the political situation 政治局势 the financial situation 财务状况eg. Our new apartment is in a charming situation.environment (抽象，生态)环境eg. A more competitive economic environment 竞争日益激烈的经济环境 eg. Protect the