英语过去完成时的用法总结及练习题附复习资料.docx

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1、定义过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 它表示句子中描绘的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 根本构造主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 确定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否认句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词 确定答复：Yes,主语+had. 否认答复：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 根本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短

2、语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开场，始终持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He sai

3、d he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常运用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一窍不通，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （

4、4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，假如叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丧失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时经常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟识她。 I thought I had sent

5、the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 留意：假如两个动作紧接着发生，则经常不用过去完成时，特殊是在包含b

6、efore和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后依次已经特别明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力进步他的英语程度。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，盼望，准备或意图等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们

7、原来准备去帮助，但没有刚好赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们原来盼望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开场演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

8、他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 时间状语 before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan，yet，already等。 过去完成时-语法断定1. 由时间状语来断定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。及过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ）

9、by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来断定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出如今： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，

10、且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、缘由、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 留意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后

11、关系，若主、从句表示的动作严密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示本来，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根据上、下文来断定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went

12、 to Beijing. 过去完成时-语法区分一、 过去完成时及如今完成时的区分如今完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以如今的时间为基点，但侧重对如今产生的结果或造成的影响，及如今有关，其构造为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比拟时，才用到它。 比拟：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then

13、.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到如今） 二、过去完成时及一般过去时的区分虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在运用时应留意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 比拟：They had arrived at the station by ten yes

14、terday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标记时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须根据上下文来推断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间依次，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成

15、时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.过去完成时专项练习一.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of

16、the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad

17、mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were s

18、urprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while he

19、r sister_(sing).二句型转换1I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否认句）2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否认句）3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.（否认）4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arri

20、ved.（改一般疑问）6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线局部提问）8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线局部提问）9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线局部提问）10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave th

21、em to the child. （对划线局部提问）11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线局部提问）12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句)After we _, we _ 15.He showed us the pictu

22、re. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句)Before he _, he_.参考答案：一.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted. moved 2. had made . died 3. had studiedleft4. had run away.arrived5. had turned off went 6. went had made 7. said had read 8 failed had made 9. (had) finished left 10. were having/had had got 11. arr

23、ived .had left 12. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had .done 15 didnt go had been 16. hasnt told 17 had given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing was singing二句型转换1I hadnt sold the ticket when she came. 2. She hadnt sung a song to us before she danced. 3. They didnt begin to climb the mount

24、ain after they had bought all the food and drinks.4. Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m 5. Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet 6. Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport 7. What had he done when you saw him 8.What did he do when he had read the note 9. Why didnt Ja

25、ck go to the cinema 10. How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child 11.What had she written by the end of 1960 12.After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up. 13.Jims father mended the car because it had been broken. 14.After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday. 15. Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture.