英语过去完成时的用法总结及练习题附答案(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上过去完成时定义过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去

2、”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally cam

3、e. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my le

4、sson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的（或）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I th

5、ought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过

6、去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there

7、 in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went

8、away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 时间状语 before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan，yet，already等。 过去完成时-语法判定1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last nig

9、ht. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句

10、的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 过去完成时专项练习1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been

11、 B. where I had goneC. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has,

12、several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army

13、during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end o

14、f last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years

15、before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time

16、he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten

17、 minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The

18、man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatchedC. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatc

19、hed一.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6.

20、Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at

21、the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _alrea

22、dy_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).一.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted. moved 2. had made . died 3. had studiedleft4. had run away.arrived5. had turned off went 6. went had made 7. said had read 8 failed had made 9. (had) finished left 10. were having/had had got 11. arrived .had left 12. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had .done 15 didnt go had been 16. hasnt told 17 had given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing was singing专心-专注-专业