2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语试卷及答案.pdf

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1、学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司2022 年年普普通通高高等等学学校校招招生生全全国国统统一一考考试试（新新高高考考全全国国卷卷）英英语语本本试试卷卷共共 10 页页，满满分分 120 分分。考考试试用用时时 120 分分钟钟。注注意意事事项项：1. 答答卷卷前前，考考生生务务必必用用黑黑色色字字迹迹钢钢笔笔或或签签字字笔笔将将自自己己的的姓姓名名、考考生生号号、考考场场号号和和座座位位号号填填写写在在答答题题卡卡上上。用用 2B 铅铅笔笔将将试试卷卷类类型型（A）填填涂涂在在答答题题卡卡相相应应位位置置上上。将将条条形形码码横横贴贴在在答答题题卡

2、卡右右上上角角“条条形形码码粘粘贴贴处处” 。因因笔笔试试不不考考听听力力，选选择择题题从从第第二二部部分分的的“阅阅读读”开开始始，试试题题序序号号从从“21”开开始始。2. 作作答答选选择择题题时时，选选出出每每小小题题答答案案后后，用用 2B 铅铅笔笔把把答答题题卡卡上上对对应应题题目目选选项项的的答答案案信信息息点点涂涂黑黑；如如需需改改动动，用用橡橡皮皮擦擦干干净净后后，再再选选涂涂其其他他答答案案，答答案案不不能能答答在在试试卷卷上上。3. 非非选选择择题题必必须须用用黑黑色色字字迹迹钢钢笔笔或或签签字字笔笔作作答答，答答案案必必须须写写在在答答题题卡卡各各题题目目指指定定区区域域

3、内内相相应应位位置置上上；如如需需改改动动，先先划划掉掉原原来来的的答答案案，然然后后再再写写上上新新的的答答案案；不不准准使使用用铅铅笔笔和和涂涂改改液液，不不按按以以上上要要求求作作答答的的答答案案无无效效。4. 考考生生必必须须保保持持答答题题卡卡的的整整洁洁：考考试试结结束束后后，将将试试卷卷和和答答题题卡卡一一并并交交回回。第第二二部部分分 阅阅读读（共共两两节节，满满分分 50 分分）第第一一节节（共共 15 小小题题；每每小小题题 2.5 分分，满满分分 37.5 分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for

4、 Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to compl

5、ete four assignments（作业）during the course.All the assignments will besubmitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be rea

6、dy to complete short in-class writings or testsdrawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion, so it is important to takecareful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or shortassignments to be

7、completed at home, both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is notturned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get azer

8、o. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21. Where is this text probably taken from?学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司A.Atextbook.B.An exam paper.C.Acourse plan.D.An academic article.22. How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Fo

9、ur.D. Five.23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nic

10、e greensalad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. Istuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought waytoo much; I could have made six salads with what I threw

11、 out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, food waste goes against the moral grain, asElizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown awayfrom “ugly（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of

12、uneaten dishes thrown intorestaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes foodwaste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, if food waste were a country, it would be the third largestproducer of greenhouse gases

13、 in the world.If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin seesmy arugula story all the time but for him, its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C.,

14、which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Lastyear it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） producethat otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them foruse in meals d

15、own the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not includethe side dish you wont eat, Curtin says.24. What does the author want

16、to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.

17、C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruitsD. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Red

18、uce food consumption.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.CThe elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feelinglonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce lonelin

19、ess and improve elderly peopleswellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homeshave reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “

20、I used to keep hens when I wasyounger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down thereagain at night to see theyve gone to bed.Its good to have a different focus. Peop

21、le have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residentscome and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done somethinguseful.There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has be

22、engiven financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: Residentsreally welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun theproject can bring

23、to people here.Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will reallyhelp connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.28. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-t

24、ime jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.30

25、. What do the underlined words embark on mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.DHuman spe

26、ech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a to the rare clicks ofsome southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found

27、 in half theworlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as f and学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司v, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by DaminBlasi at t

28、he University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐）, making ithard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changedto

29、an overbite structure（结构）, making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithicperiod. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow tobe so large.An

30、alyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languagesafter the Neolithic age, with the use of f and v increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. Thesesounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

31、This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolvedaround 300,000 years ago. The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearanceof human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find tod

32、ay is the product of a complex interplayof things like biological change and cultural evolution, said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. W

33、hy was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

34、A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C.Afurther explanation of the research methods.D.Areasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.

35、B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout P

36、artner. One reason was:Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, while another read: 36 With aworkout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide what you want from that

37、 person.37Or do you just want to be physically fit, able tomove with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont

38、result in a usefulresponse.38If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training shewanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each

39、session, and her age. It alsolisted her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.39You and your partner will probably have different skills.40Over time, both of you will benefit yourpartner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core （核心）

40、of your relationshipis that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B.Aworkout partner usually needs to live close by.C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you writ

41、e a good seeking training partner notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.第三部分第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 分，满分分，满分 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项

42、。My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our41are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we42along Chalk Creek. I was43that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek （小溪） . I tied a rope around hi

43、swaist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was44, and his crying let the wholecampground know it. So45tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It46 he didnt end up in thecreek. My three-year-old, however, did.Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky

44、was clear when we47, but storms move in fast inthe mountains, and this one quickly48our peaceful morning trip. The49picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to50the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No51. We were stuck in the middleof the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there52, a

45、fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed（拖）usback. We were53.Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of54,wondering what camping fun and55we will experience next.41.A. ideasB. jokesC. memoriesD. discoveries42.A. campedB. droveC. walkedD. c

46、ycled43.A. annoyedB. surprisedC. disappointedD. worried44.A. unhurtB. unfortunateC. uncomfortableD. unafraid45.A. due toB. instead ofC. apart fromD. as for46.A. workedB. happenedC. matteredD. changed47.A. signed upB. calmed downC. checked outD. headed off学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司48.A.

47、arrangedB. interruptedC. completedD. recorded49.A. windB. noiseC. temperatureD. speed50.A. findB. hideC. startD. fix51.A. luckB. answerC. wonderD. signal52.A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. doubtfullyD. helplessly53.A. sorryB. braveC. safeD. right54.A. reliefB. dutyC. prideD. excitement55.A. failureB. adv

48、entureC. performanceD. conflict第二节（共第二节（共 10 小题小题; 每小题每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park （GPNP） .56 （cover）an area about three times57size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one

49、of the first nationalparks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that58（be） previouslyunprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority59（increase）effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a t

50、hree-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP60（design） toreflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整性）of natural ecosystems, preservingbiological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,61leaving behind precious natural assets