hpb_white_paper_en.pdf

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1、HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 1 HPBHPBTMTM（HighHigh- -performance Blockchainperformance Blockchain）White PaperWhite Paper HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 2 Table of Contents 1. Project Background . 3 2. Design Concept . 4 3. Technology Framework . 6 3.1 Technology Featu

2、res . 6 3.2 Consensus Algorithm (DPOS - Delegated Proof-of-Stake Consensus) .10 3.3 Identity and Authorization Management .11 3.4 Status Channel .12 3.5 Application Services .13 3.6 Smart Contract System .14 3.7 General Virtual Machine (GVM) Mechanism .14 3.8 System Management .16 4. Governance Fram

3、ework .16 4.1 HPB Token Introduction (GXN) .16 4.2 Crowdfunding Details.17 4.3 Crowdfunding Allocation .17 5. Implementation & Iteration .18 5.1 Development Roadmap .18 6. Applicable Scenarios & Economic Models .19 6.1 Shared Medical Economy .19 6.2 Financial Inclusion .20 6.3 Intelligent Big Data .

4、21 6.4 Block Chain Integrated System .22 7. Cooperative Partners .22 8. Summary & Outlook .23 9. Acknowledgements .23 HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 3 1. 1. Project BackgroundProject Background After several years of development, blockchain technology has begun to gradually show poten

5、tial in several domains. However, as an emerging technology, there are still many bottlenecks to be addressed. For example, TPS (Transactions per Second) within blockchain applications are still limited. Another important factor is ease of use restricting the progress of enterprise development, whic

6、h means there is still no killer block chain apps. Furthermore, there is still no block chain solution to meet highly concurrent business needs. Some outstanding representatives of the community are actively promoting blockchain technology, and have made considerable progress in their respective fie

7、lds. But, due to limitations in technological development, TPS is a problem faced by each platform. TPS 3000 is a common industry bottleneck, preventing blockchain from being established in high value concurrent businesses. To sum it all up, the industry needs a platform that supports the requiremen

8、ts of BAT (Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent) users massively large-scale block chain delivery needs. HPB has arisen with the aim of solving this industry bottleneck. HPB will provide intelligent access to contract services with high frequency access requirements. In addition to a centralized server user expe

9、rience, it can also support a billion-node, ultra large-scale IoT scenario. HPB hopes to eliminate the shame of having no killer app for blockchain, create a new blockchain ecosystem, and develop the infrastructure for a true enterprise blockchain world. HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper

10、 4 2. Design Concept2. Design Concept HPB is a new blockchain architecture, positioned as an easy-to-use, high-performance blockchain platform. It aims to extend the performance of distributed applications to meet real world business needs. This is achieved by creating an architecture similar to an

11、API operating system. The software architecture provides accounts, identity and authorization management, policy management, databases, and asynchronous communication on thousands of CPUs, FPGAs or clustered program schedulers. This blockchain is a new architecture that can support millions of trans

12、actions per second and support authorizations within seconds. HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 5 As shown above, the architecture consists of two part: hardware architecture and software architecture. It is a fusion of the HPC (High Performance Computing) block chain HPBTM（High-performa

13、nce Blockchain）White Paper 6 concept and cloud computing, hardware system with distributed core nodes, HPC supporting universal communication network, and cloud terminal HPC support platform. In addition to network management, it supports core node blockchain standard, consensus algorithms and block

14、 chain task processing functions, hardware acceleration via core codes, and a software acceleration engine. Through TOE technology, consensus algorithm acceleration, data compression, data encryption and other technologies, it can achieve support access for millions of users. The cloud terminal unde

15、r this architecture can be a traditional PC, intelligent terminal, and so on. At the same time, the terminal device gains hardware acceleration characteristics. 3. Technology Framework3. Technology Framework 3.1 Technology Features3.1 Technology Features To be successful, a high performance blockcha

16、in platform must have the following characteristics: 3.1.1 Open Source3.1.1 Open Source In the history of software development, the most successful large-scale software has essentially adopted the open source model. The open source model attracts more talented developers, and promotes quicker softwa

17、re iteration. From the commercial perspective, users do not have to pay to use the software, and free usage can attract more attention and improve usability. For software companies, open source reduces costs and allows them to serve users with limited resources. As user scale increases, the business

18、 HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 7 can create a corresponding profit model; the subsequent success of the company can then free up more resources to improve the open source software. 3.1.2 Support 3.1.2 Support Millions of Daily UsersMillions of Daily Users Applications like Google, Ub

19、er, and BAT require handling of millions of active users per day through block chain technology, so a platform that can handle massive amounts of user data are critical. 3.1.3 Low Latency3.1.3 Low Latency Confirmation within seconds. Timely feedback is the foundation of a good user experience. If th

20、e delay is more than even a few seconds, it will greatly affect the user experience, and it may even be unable to meet business needs, thus seriously reducing the competitiveness of the application. 3.1.4 High Throughput, High Concurrency3.1.4 High Throughput, High Concurrency Because applications s

21、uch as exchanges can only execute operations serially as opposed to in parallel, HPB must provide powerful serial capability. For other scenarios, we will provide powerful parallel processing capabilities, parallelization of most tasks, and a combination of hardware and software architectures that a

22、llows blockchain TPS to be raised by 2 orders of magnitude. HPB uses TOE technology, which aims to accomplish some or all packet processing tasks through a dedicated processor on a dedicated network card. In other words, by using a specialized network card with a TEO chip, it uses four layers of TCP

23、 processing to transfer HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 8 from the host processor to the hardware accelerator. The end result is accelerated response, enhanced network concurrency, reduced server complexity, and improved node processing performance. 3.1.5 3.1.5 Acceleration EngineAccel

24、eration Engine The traditional node block chain must support numerous functions on the software level, such as trade confirmations, which consist of broadcasting, transaction confirmation, confirming release of information, etc. The data connections between each node are serially processed, which le

25、ads to complex hierarchical network structure, long time delay, and low serial performance, which leads to user experience problems. Therefore, HPB is designed around block chain dedicated hardware acceleration units (including hardware and firmware acceleration) and software engine matching (system

26、 driver and software interface API hardware acceleration). Through parallel processing ability of CPU, GPU, FPGA and serial ASIC chip, it achieves high performance and high speed concurrent computation. The hardware acceleration engine can achieve high concurrent connections, while maintaining suppo

27、rt for over 10000 TCP sessions, 10000 parallel sessions, and greatly reduces the number of network layers. It will take over traditional serial processing functions, i.e. transaction data broadcast, unverified blocks, whole network broadcast, transaction confirmation broadcasting, etc. The rate of r

28、esponse for each session as well as session maintenance is greater than 100 times the performance of an ordinary PC node. The HPB hardware acceleration engine, system architecture, and processes are described below: HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 9 1. System and hardware initializatio

29、n , access to whole network configuration table entries, establish session, maintain reliable session 2. User initiates transaction request at any node. By accelerating the hardware, it sends signature information to the whole network via parallel broadcast, and also begins to monitor network confir

30、mation status 3. Randomly designated nodes (through DPOS algorithm elected block generation) receives transaction with signature information, packages to form an unconfirmed block, and through accelerated hardware is broadcast network-wide 4. The HPB hardware of each node throughout the network is c

31、onfirmed and the result is a block confirmation broadcast 5. Node receives the agreed K block acknowledgement message HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 10 6. Consensus is reached and a complete block is issued. The whole network broadcasts a completed block, and each node updates their l

32、edgers. Because the HPB hardware acceleration engine can maintain a large number of conversations with so many nodes, it does not have to wait until a complete block is released. Through statistical transaction confirmation, it pushes forward user confirmation, thus enhancing the user experience. 3.

33、2 Consensus Algorithm (DPOS 3.2 Consensus Algorithm (DPOS - - Delegated ProofDelegated Proof- -ofof- -StakeStake Consensus)Consensus) The HPB architecture uses the blockchain consensus algorithm DPOS, which is the only one capable of combining the previously mentioned performance requirements. Accor

34、ding to this algorithm, the whole network of token holders is able to vote through the system to appoint new block producers. Anyone can participate in block production once elected. HPB is expected to produce a new block every 3 seconds. At any point, only one producer is authorized to produce bloc

35、ks. If a block production fails at any time, then that block is skipped. Under normal circumstances, DPOS blocks to not experience any forking, because block producers work together to produce blocks rather than compete. If a block is split, the consensus will automatically switch to the longest cha

36、in. Blockchains with more producers will grow faster than blockchains with fewer producers. In addition, no block producers should simultaneously produce blocks on both forks of a blockchain. If it discovered a block producer has done this, it can be voted out. HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）Whit

37、e Paper 11 3.2.1 3.2.1 Transaction ConfirmationTransaction Confirmation The block chains maintained by the DPOS algorithm are 100% online. That is to say, after an average of 1.5 seconds, a transaction will be written into the blockchain and all outgoing nodes will be aware of the transaction. This

38、means that in only 1.5 seconds, a transaction can be identified as 99.9% confirmed received onto the blockchain. 3.2.2 3.2.2 PlugPlug- -andand- -Play Consensus Algorithm ModulePlay Consensus Algorithm Module The DPOS consensus algorithm can widely support public chains, alliance chains and private c

39、hains. If there is a specific business use scenario or specific business needs, HPB plug-and-play consensus algorithm module can flexibly support integrated handover of different consensus algorithms, as well as support a common interface for POS-type consensus algorithms. 3.3 3.3 Identity and Autho

40、rization ManagementIdentity and Authorization Management Identity authentication and authorization is an important basic module for enterprise applications. The HPB framework service layer design supports authentication and authorization of multi-level participants and related resources. HPB allows

41、using only a 3 to 32 character long account name to refer to accounts, which is chosen by the account creator. All accounts must be filled with a minimum account balance at the time of creation in order to cover the costs of storing account data. HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 12 3.3.

42、1 3.3.1 RoleRole- -Based Privilege ManagementBased Privilege Management Privilege management is chiefly concerned with defining whether or not a particular message is properly authorized. The simplest form of privilege management is to check if the transaction has the required signature, but this im

43、plies that the required signature is known. Usually, authority is tied to individuals or groups of individuals. HPB provides a declarative rights management system that allows for high-level account granularity and control for anyone at any time. It is essential that authentication and authority man

44、agement is standardized and separated from the business logic of the application. This makes it possible to develop a tool that manages permissions in a general way, and allows for a wide range of performance optimization. Any account can be controlled by any weighted combination of other accounts a

45、nd private keys. This mechanism creates a hierarchical authority structure that can truly reflect the reality of the organizations rights, and makes it easier than ever for users to control their funds. Multi-user control is the most important factor to strengthen security, and if properly used, it

46、can greatly eliminate the risk of theft through hacking. 3.4 Status Channel3.4 Status Channel HPB should not deploy smart contracts onto the blockchain, but instead uses intelligent contracts on status channels to improve the speed, reliability and scalability of the blockchain. According to current

47、 practical applications, the blockchain system cannot completely replace existing systems, and more or less requires the introduction of HPBTM（High-performance Blockchain）White Paper 13 traditional centralized modules. The introduction of status channels is the most meaningful attempt to seal the bl

48、ockchain system architecture. 3.5 Application Services3.5 Application Services 3.5.1 Blockchain APIs3.5.1 Blockchain APIs At the base layer of the blockchain, the system provides a series of blockchain data access and interaction interfaces, and uses JSON-RPC and RESTful API to support various data

49、applications and development languages. It supports multi-blockchain, data query, transaction submission and other blockchain operations. In different business scenarios, the interactive access interface can be further integrated with the privilege control system. 3.5.2 Application 3.5.2 Application

50、 SDKsSDKs Application SDKs are comprehensive services for development in different programming languages of comprehensive service function interfaces for blockchain operations and functions, packet-based encryption, data signatures, transaction generation, etc. It can be extended to integration of s