2016年中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案（样题）.doc

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1、2016年中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题（样题）SAMPLETESTUNIVERSITYOFCHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCESENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORALCANDIDATESPAPERONEPARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoice

2、withasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa_symbolamonguniversityprofessors.A.postB.statusC.positionD.place2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof_archaeologicalresearch.A.legibleB.legit

3、imateC.legislativeD.illicit3.Weseekasocietythathasatits_arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual. A.endB.hand C.coreD.best4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_thecountrysnormaleducationaldevelopment.A.impededB.imparted C.imploredD.implemented5. Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan_fortherestofyourlife.A.spe

4、lloutB.calluponC.falloverD.resortto6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore_thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.A.grosslyB.severely C.rapidlyD.drastically7. Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof_istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.A.elitismB.eloquenceC.eminenceD.etique

5、tte8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_inmanypartsofit.A.alteredB.Criticized C. incorporated D. translated 9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go _ waiting for him to come home. A. over B. with C. down D. through 10. While a countrys economy i

6、s becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more _ about their quality of life. A. discriminating B. distributing C. disagreeing D. disclosing 11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to _ them. A. find fault with B. make the most of C. look down upon D. get

7、 even with 12. The Ministers _ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition. A. impressive B. evasive C. intensive D. exhaustive 13. In proportion as the _ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end. A. intolerance B. pessimism C. injustice

8、 D. antagonism 14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher cant _ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things. A. count B .insist C.fall D. dwell 15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their _ and ran into the elevator. A. hearts B. te

9、mpers C. heads D. senses 16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _ every cheat in the marketplace. A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of C. by courtesy of D. for the price of 17. In fact the purchasing power of a single persons pension in Hong Kong was only 70 p

10、er cent of the value of the _ Singapore pension. A. equivalent B. similar C. consistent D. identical 18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk _. A. honestly B. graciously C. coherently D. flexibly 19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _

11、life, but by its immeasurable difference from life. A. significance in B. imagination at C. resemblance to D. predominance over 20. She was artful and could always _ her parents in the end. A. shout down B. get round C. comply with D. pass over PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) Directions:

12、For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. We are entering a period in which rapid population growt

13、h, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution

14、 of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energ

15、y merely to extract the 26 resources. It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere.

16、It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations

17、. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 tha

18、t technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burdenfor example, the use of solar energycan be utilized. (1996) 21. A. one B. it C. this D. there 22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. Executed 23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts 24. A. extent B. scale C. meas

19、ure D. range 25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome 26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing 27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably 28. A. in B. with C. as D. to 29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last 30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace 31. A. on B. up C. down D. out 32.

20、A. less B. fewer C. many D. little 33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet 34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track 35. A. if B. or C. while D. as PART III READING COMPREHENSION Section A (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete

21、statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-sco

22、ring Answer Sheet. Passage 1 The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already

23、 been used to explain the causes for a historical event. A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so th

24、at the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seek

25、s to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historians handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective. The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A g

26、eneral trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the

27、 spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base. As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome

28、along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized. 36. The author would mostly be concerned with _. A. finding the mo

29、st important cause for a particular historical event B. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpreted C. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical event D. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to sin

30、gle motive 37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be _. A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an event B. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the event C. determining the common strands that mak

31、e up a historical event D. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value 38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be _. A. combining elements of different material into a unified whole B. a tentative theory set forth as an expl

32、anation for an event C. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an event D. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself 39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit” of a time period because _. A. the events in history are more important than the people wh

33、o make history B. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical events C. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular action D. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base 40. Which of the following statements would the author conside

34、r false? A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors. B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses. C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history. D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the di

35、rection it did. Passage 2 When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police carnot an easy task for a large department. Another problem, which arises when c

36、ars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location

37、at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos. A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of

38、the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals cant predict just when a police car will pass through a

39、particular area. (Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.) Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The of

40、ficer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the carpatrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, the computer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clogged with

41、cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer. 41. The best title for this passage should be _. A. Comp

42、uters and Crimes B. Patrol Car Dispatching C. The Powerful Computers D. The Police with Modern Equipment 42. A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _. A. locate every patrol car B. guarantee cars on regular patrols C. keep in touch with each police car D. find out which car should respond to the inc

43、oming call 43. If the patrols are too regular, _. A. the dispatchers will be bored with it B. the officers may become careless C. the criminals may take advantage of it D. the streets will be in a state of chaos 44. The computer dispatching system is particularly good at _. A. assigning cars to regu

44、lar patrols B. responding to the incoming calls C. ordering officers to report their location D. making routine patrols unpredictable 45. According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers? A. Police officers report their status constantly. B. The headquarters poll