GRE高频issue提纲范文.docx

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1、1. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or exam

2、ples that could be used to challenge your position.这道题可以考虑分不同情况来写，可将政府官员的行为分为履行职务时的行为和私生活。指出在履行职务时应该以最高伦理和道德标准要求自己，而在私生活方面则可以按照自己的生活方式来选择。有人可能认为官员私生活不检点会导致民众对他不信任，我认为民众根本不应该知道官员私生活的任何信息。政府官员在履行职责时应该保持最高的伦理道德标准。- 防止腐败与滥用权力- 给下属做榜样、取得下属信任、团队效率- 制订符合伦理道德的政策政府官员的私生活可以有更多元化的道德标准- 消防员在非执行任务时看到火警也不必去救- 官员驾

3、驶私家车超速应该和普通人受到同样的处罚-官员通过某些手段合理避税也不应受到谴责有人认为私生活不检点会导致民众不信任官员不信任会导致官员无法正常履行职务但是官员的隐私应该受到保护与公职无关的私生活信息不应该被媒体传播如果民众不了解官员的私生活自然无从质疑但前提是官员不会因为私生活的问题二影响公职2. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the st

4、atement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Are leaders created by demands placed on them? In most insti

5、tutional settings, leaders are not created by the demands because a person can become a leader before meeting any demands if s/he masters strong communication skills, holds suitable qualifications and has extensive experiences. Nevertheless, in certain exceptional circumstances, usually in emergenci

6、es, ordinary people may become leaders in response to the demands.Without being tested by demands for leadership, people often assume leadership positions by demonstrating strong communication skills that are important for dealing with situations in which they have to lead others to solve problems.

7、In the field of academic researches, for example, senior researchers have to communicate their research findings and the vision about how the discipline would advance clearly and persuasively to the fellow researchers in order to take up leadership positions such as editors of top journals and chair

8、persons of the academic societies. They also need to demonstrate their willingness to listen to other members of the research community and understand their ideas and concerns about the field.Such strong communication skills would enable them to become leaders in the field and help others to meet th

9、e challenges.In addition to communication skills, leaders also have to receive relevant training to acquire the professional qualifications and expertise that are necessary for the leadership positions. Referring to the examples of leaders in academic research field again, it is clear that anyone in

10、terested in joining an editorial board of a top journal or becoming the chairperson of an academic association must, in addition to holding a PhD in relevant fields, have published influential papers in the field and accumulated extensive administrative experiences.Usually with such publication reco

11、rds and relevant experiences, the person will be able to get the jobs as the leaders.In other words, taking the leadership roles in an institution does not necessarily relate to the demands for leadership.On the other hand, there are exceptional circumstances in which ordinary people may become lead

12、ers while trying to address the demands at the moment.On September 11, 2001, after three planes were hijacked and crashed to WTO twin towers and the Pentagon, the passengers of United Airline Flight 93 revolted against the hijackers and successfully diverted the airplane from the route to Washington

13、 D.C. where the hijackers planned to crash the airplane to the White House. We do not have details about the passengers heroic acts but it is safe to believe that some courageous passengers and crew members had responded to the emergency demands for leadership after knowing the terrorist attacks tha

14、t had happened earlier that day.These ordinary men and women became leaders of a historical anti-terrorist mission without any prior training and experiences. Their leadership was created by the demands placed on them and will be remembered in history.In conclusion, in most institutional settings, l

15、eaders are not created by demands but selected based on the candidates communication skills, qualifications and experiences. Nevertheless, under exceptional circumstances, ordinary people may become leaders in response to the demands for leadership.3. Scandals are useful because they focus our atten

16、tion on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge y

17、our position.With the development of modern mass media, scandals are almost ubiquitous. Hardly can a day go by without some news reporting scandals involving high-profiles politicians, athletes or movie stars. While it is true that scandals often attract public attention and may expose certain probl

18、ems, I do not believe that they are useful in solving social problems as they often focus public attention on the wrong issues and can hardly maintain public attention for a sufficiently long time. After elaborating these two points, I will also address the argument that scandals can usefully create

19、 pressure for the government to introduce reforms. To begin with, the attention from the public after a scandal does not necessarily focus on the right issue. Take the Clinton scandal and impeachment for example. With the release of Starr report, the Clinton scandal has attracted the national and ev

20、en international media attention. But the majority of American people seem to find it more interesting to talk about whether or not President Clinton had sex with Monica Lewinsky. They would even get into the debate over whether oral sex would count as sex. But the real issue that should capture pub

21、lic attention is whether or not the President had lied and still deserved the trust of American people. With the media always interested in reporting sensational news, the Clinton scandal failed to focus public attention on the right issue and therefore was not very useful for the development of Ame

22、rican politics. In addition, when a scandal is involved in powerful corporation, a professional public relations team will very quickly take actions to address the crisis and divert the public attention from the right issues. The oil giant BP, for example, was responsible for the oil rig explosion i

23、n 2013 and subsequent oil spill in the gulf of Mexico. During the scandal of this ecological disaster, BP hired a sophisticated PR team to launch a massive campaign to paint themselves as victims of tort law suits and shift media attention from the aftermath of the oil spill. The large corporations

24、like BP has the large amount of financial resources at their disposal to manipulate the media and the public opinions when necessary. As the public is often forgetful while overwhelmed by the news and scandals, it is fairly easy for them to get away from such scandals. In other words, one cannot rea

25、lly rely on scandals to solve problems involving big corporations. Some people may argue that scandals are still useful in creating pressure to push the government to reform. For example, after the scandal of Sun Zhigang, a Chinese university graduate who was tortured and killed in Guangzhou Center

26、for the Homeless, Chinese government has abolished the institution of arresting the homeless in the large cities. While this case leads to some desirable outcome, it is doubtful that we should count on scandals like this to reform a nations legal and social infrastructure. To fix the numerous proble

27、ms in a modern society, the best solution is to educate the people about their rights so people can speak up against injustice when their rights are violated. We cannot just overlook the injustice in our daily life and wait for scandals to fix the problems in our society. In conclusion, while I ackn

28、owledge that certain scandals may eventually lead to some progress in our society, most scandals are not very useful in reforming the society as the public often focus their attention on the wrong issues and the powerful corporations can easily divert public attention through their public relations

29、campaigns. To achieve real progress in social development, we need better education to increase peoples awareness of their rights and their sense of justice.4. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.Write a response in whi

30、ch you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how t

31、hese examples shape your position.I agree that this recommendation would be beneficial for students specialising in certain disciplines such as foreign languages, international trade and comparative politics.Yet, students in other fields such as national language and literature, history and archeolo

32、gy would find the requirement unnecessary.Moreover, students with limited financial resources or abilities to adapt to the new environment may not benefit from the recommendation.I agree that this recommendation would be beneficial for students specialising in certain disciplines such as foreign lan

33、guages, international trade and comparative politics.句子的功能：针对题目的建议提出立场，指出这个建议对某个群体的学生是有益的。同意转换：this recommendation would be beneficial for 如果改成benefit怎么写 如果改成students做主语又怎么写语法结构：students specialising动名词后置对前面的名词进行限定disciplines作为一个概括性的名词后面跟such as及并列结构引出具体的例子注意下面的两个句子也是表面立场，但是针对不同的学生群体，这个建议就可能不好Yet, s

34、tudents in other fields such as national language and literature, history and archeology would find the requirement unnecessary. Moreover, students with limited financial resources or abilities to adapt to the new environment may not benefit from the recommendation.这个句子里是如何表达不好的？这里为了避免词汇重复用了什么词？还可能用

35、什么词？There are two reasons why I believe that the requirement of studying abroad for one semester is important for the development of students. First, it is particularly helpful for students to sharpen their foreign language skills that can benefit their future careers.In addition, the experiences of

36、 studying in a foreign country can help the students better understand their own country and culture through intercultural communication.As for the concern about the cost of studying abroad, exchange programs and scholarships should be offered to make the opportunities of studying abroad more afford

37、able.To begin with, students should be required to study abroad so that they can improve their proficiency levels of a foreign language.This policy is particularly important for university students from non-English speaking countries. With English becoming the dominant lingua franca for academic and

38、 business communication, students who use English as a foreign language can benefit tremendously from spending some time in an English-speaking country.Not only can they get more chance to use the language on a daily basis and practice the language skills with native speakers.They will also become m

39、uch more confident users of the language after studying abroad.With English skills becoming increasingly important for ones future career, this requirement can help the students become more marketable and employable.The second reason why I believe this requirement is helpful is that students can als

40、o better understand ones own culture after spending some time in a foreign country.This may seem a bit counter-intuitive at the first glimpse.But the truth is students studying abroad will often have more opportunities to introduce their home cultures to local students with limited knowledge about t

41、heir countries but strong interest to learn more.They also need to answer questions about their home cultures raised by foreign friends who do not take things for granted.By serving as a cultural ambassador of ones home country, one can deepen ones own understanding of the home culture.The new persp

42、ective that is very valuable may not be possible if students stay in their home countries for college studies.People may be concerned with the cost of studying abroad and argue that this requirement may impose extra financial burden on students and their families.Here are two ways this concern can b

43、e addressed.First, the study-abroad program usually takes the form of exchange program through which the local university exchange students with a partner university abroad.Under such arrangement, students only need to pay tuition at the local universities and their tuition fees in the foreign unive

44、rsity will be paid by the foreign exchange students paying their local tuition.Therefore the tuition will not be more expensive.Meanwhile, scholarship and financial aid should be provided to cover the transportation and living expenses for studying abroad.Through the financial support of the governm

45、ent and/or the universities, students with limited financial resources can also have the opportunities to study abroad.In conclusion, the policy of requiring students to study abroad can provide valuable opportunities to practice their foreign language skills and reflect on their own cultures from n

46、ew perspectives.Meanwhile, exchange programs and financial aid programs should be introduced to help students with financial difficulties.5. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency so that they have more leisure time.Write a response in which you discus

47、s the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.In to

48、days world, the economic development has been constantly driven by the advances of new technologies and the ways we live our lives are regularly transformed by new shifts in technological paradigms.It is important for us to reflect on the goal of technological development and its consequences.I agre

49、e that the primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency in a variety of activities.But whether or not people will have and enjoy more leisure time depends on the roles different people play in the society and the goals they have in their life. When developing technologies used by