2022年非谓语动词的用法归纳.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非谓语动词Non-Finite Verb I 非谓语的三种形式含义1例句类别结构boiling water 正在沸腾的水doing 主动,进行2Do you know the girl standing over there. 你认 识站在那里的那个女孩吗？现在分词being done 被动,进行1The houses being built now are for the teachers.（正在被做）1现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的；Having waited for an hour, he left. 等了一个小not having

2、主动,完成2时后,他离开了；done （否定）Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复,他又 写了一封信1 Having been told many times, he still made the having been done 被动,完成same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了,他仍旧犯同样的错误；1 The story told by Tom is very interesting. 汤姆讲得 故事特别好玩；过去分词done 被动,完成2The houses built last year are v

3、ery big. 去年建的那 些房子很大；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于表所处的状态2帮忙别人而受到敬重；或特点Interested in the book, he wants to buy it. 他对这本书感爱好想买下来；to do 将来,主动1I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做；to be done 将来,被动1The houses to be built next month a

4、re very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大；II 不定式to have done 完成,主动1Hes said to have invented 本章要点使用条件：2the telephone.据说他创造了电话；1看结构是He is said to have been 否需要；punished by his leader.据2看是否表说他已经受到了他领导达过去或的惩处；完成之意1. 非谓语之不定式的用法；2. 非谓语之动名词的用法；3. 非谓语之现在分词的用法；4. 非谓语之过去分词的用法；5. 非谓语的时态语态；6. 非谓语做宾语的用法；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

5、2 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I 非谓语语法点分述一、不定式 to do 1. 不定式结构作主语. To see is to believe. . It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times. a. 在很多情形下,特殊是在口语中,常采纳先行 it 代替主语,而把不定式后置：. It s a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 区分用法 1 直接用

6、不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式；2 如主语和表语都是 to do,就只能采纳第一种形式；. 对敌人慈爱就是对人民残酷；3 如是疑问句或感叹句,就只能采纳其次种形式；.What is it like to be there. for 和 of 的区分；.What a joy it was to read Barak book. b.用 It is+ 形容词作表语时,由于规律主语不同导致的名师归纳总结 1for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特点特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如：第 3 页,共 27 页difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等； .

7、- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智才能,表示主观感情或态度的形容词, 如： good, kind, nice, clever, foolish 等；小试身手 1 To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love. 2 对他来说,学两门外语是很困难的；3 你能这么说很有礼貌；真题试炼 1It important _ the piano well. C. of him playing D. for him playing

8、A. of him to play B. for him to play 2It s wrong _ her like that.C. of you treating D. for you treating A. of you to treat B. for you to treat 2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件,一是结果）,如：名师归纳总结 .To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 第 4 页,共 27 页.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit

9、the shoe. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.不定式结构作动词宾语见表格附录 4. 不定式结构作定语用法 例句He always has a lot of meetings to attend . 动宾关系及物动词 to do 出Have you got anything to say at the meeting. 现在名词后面；主谓关系She is always the first one to come and the last to leave. 不及物动词to do 显现在名词后Let s first find a room to

10、 live in . / to put the things in . 面且带上相应的介词；We have nothing to worry about . .Attention .但前面被修饰的名I think the best way to travel is by air. 词是 place/time/way 时可省略不 及物动词的介词；We have no place to live . 小试身手 1明白一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间. 2你有什么可以吃的东西吗. 3很多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 27 页精选学习资料

11、 - - - - - - - - - 5. 不定式结构作状语基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、缘由、结果、条件等；a. 表示目的1 They ran over to welcome the delegates. .Attention .1 in order to do 常置于句首用来强调目的；2 so as to/so .as to 表示目的,不行以置于句首；小试身手 1 为了能够准时到达那里,我们必需现在动身2 为了招待重要客人,他从英国请了管家；3 他们一大早动身为了能赶上首班车；b. 表示结果名师归纳总结 1so as to 如此 以至于第 6 页,共 2

12、7 页.Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time. 2such as to 如此 以至于.I m not such a fool as to believe that.- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3enough to 足以.The boy is old enough to go to school. only 或 but only ,以加强4too to 太 以至于不能.His eyesight is too poor to read such small

13、 letters. 5only to 不料却 ,结果却 不定式之前有时可以加上语气. I bought expensive tickets to the theatre, only to discover that the show was boring.小试身手 1 你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧急；2 她太小了不能看这个暴力电影；.Attention .: 1但是 too .to 结构前假如显现but, never, only等词时就表示确定；活到老学到老；6.不定式结构作宾语补足语名师归纳总结 a.非谓语做宾补的用法；含义举例第 7 页,共 27 页结构- - - - - - -精选学习

14、资料 - - - - - - - - - see + 宾语 + do观察（宾语） 做 了see him go to the office b.see +宾语 + doing 观察（宾语）正在做see him going to the office see +宾语 + being done观察（宾语） 正在被做see him being bitten by a dog see +宾语 + done观察（宾语）被做see him bitten by a dog 不定式 to do （do）做宾补表示 “ 要去做 ” ；结构例词例句动词 +宾语 + to do ask, invite, tell,

15、want, encourage, I want both of you to go.wish, expect, beg, request, The teacher told us to doc.require, advise, order, force, 等exercise one. 表示劝请、要求、喜好类do 做宾补表示 “ 全过程 ”；一 “感” ：feel I saw my daughter enter the 动词 +宾语 +do（省略 to）二 “听” ：hear / listen to classroom, sit in a 三 “使” ：have / make / let cha

16、ir, open her English book and 二、动名词doing 四 “看” ：see / watch / notice / begin to read findChapter 15. 名师归纳总结 1.动名词结构作主语第 8 页,共 27 页a.动名词做主语通常位于句首；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - . Seeing is believing. . Not finishing school can affect your whole life. b. 将 it 放句首做形式主语,把动名词置于句末的常用结构；It is + a wa

17、ste of time/no good/not any good/no use/useless + doing sth. . It is no use talking to him again. . It is no good your refusing to do it. 小试身手 ._ is an important decision in a person（结婚）s life. ._ is against the law. （酒后驾车）._ relaxes me at the end of the day.（听古典音乐）.跟他谈天就是铺张时间；2.动名词结构作表语. My job is

18、teaching English. 小试身手 1 他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅；_wheelchairs for disabled people. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 区分用法 作主语含义例句To lie is wrong. 不定式 to do 一次性的详细的动作To live in Beijing is s 有特定的动作执行者the height of Tomambition. Lying is wrong. 动名词 doing 抽象的泛指的动作无特定的动作执Swimming is good 行者e

19、xercise. 作表语含义例句不定式 to do 一次性、详细的、将要发生的动作His job is to paint the walls. His job is paintingwalls. 动名词 doing 一般性、抽象的、常常发生的动作他的工作是粉刷墙；（这是他日常的工作）三、分词（现在分词doing 和过去分词done）1. 现在分词和过去分词结构作定语a 分词做定语的基本含义；分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词；这两种在句子中能担任的成分大体相同；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - . 现在分词一般有主动

20、的意思.过去分词一般有被动的意思用过去分词做定语的句子用现在分词做定语的句子（表示主动）b1He is an interesting man. 1Interested members will meet at two. 2The house standing there belongs to 2The house built last year is very me. beautiful. 分词作定语的重要学问点：1 单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前,在更多情形下,可以用分词短语作定语,这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后,在意义上也相当于一个定语从句,如：. 现在分词： touching s

21、tory / leading cadres / shining example / coming week / . 过去分词： skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water / steamed bread 1 Barking dogs seldom bite. 2 Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. 3 Who is the man standing = that is standing by the door. 4 They built a highway

22、 leading = which leads into the mountains. .小试身手 名师归纳总结 1.写出以下短语的意思_ 第 11 页,共 27 页1the rising sun 2fallen leaves _ 3faded flowers _ 4returned students _ 5retired workers _ - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6the exploded bomb _ 7 departed friends _ 2. 把分词做定语改成定语从句或者定语从句改成分词作定语1 They are problems

23、left over by history. 2 Have you read any short stories which were written by Lu Xun. 3 developing countries = 4 a city that is growing = 2 作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同1 表示正在进行的动作 , 变为从句时要用进行时态 , 如：. Tell the children playing there who are playing there not to make so much noise. . Did you see the man

24、 talking who was talking to the manager. 2 表示常常性的动作 , 或现在 或当时 的状态 , 变为从句时 , 用一般时态 , 如：. They lived in a room facing = that faced the south. . The house standing = that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1955. 3 过去分词作定语时,过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,也可以是没有肯定的时间性,如：名师归纳总结 .The meeting heldwh

25、ich was held last week is very important. 第 12 页,共 27 页.He is a man loved who is lovedby all. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - .Attention .：假如所表示的动作现在正在发生,或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示,如：. The meeting being held is very important. . We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.dis

26、cuss .Attention .：假如所表示的是一个将来的动作,可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示,如：. The meeting to be held next week is very important. 小试身手 1 Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. discuss 2 Please tell me the subjects discussed last week. discuss 3 Do you know the meeting being discussed now is held b

27、y Peter. discuss 2. 现在分词作状语现在分词表示主动进行,过去分词表示被动完成；a. 现在分词作相伴状语,表示陪衬性的动作或相伴情形,如：名师归纳总结 .The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 第 13 页,共 27 页.They stood there for an hour watching the game. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - .Attention .：a. 分词表示的必需是主语的一个动作；b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作

28、（或状态）是同时发生的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作,对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开；b. 现在分词作缘由状语,表示缘由或理由,如：. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. . Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.试试可不行以变成状语从句呢：1 Because she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a n

29、ote. 2 Because we didnt know her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.Attention .假如分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,就要用完成形式,如：. Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well. . Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. c. 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句）,如：名师归纳总结

30、 .Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. 第 14 页,共 27 页.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 试试可不行以变成状语从句呢：1 When she turned around ,she saw a police car driving up. 2 When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy. .Attention .：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂

31、的动作,这动作一发生,谓语动词所表示的动作立刻发+ 生；这类分词一般放在句首；假如两个动作是完全同时发生的,多用when 或 while 分词这种结构,如：.Be careful when crossing the street. .Dont mention this while talking to him.d.现在分词作状语仍可以表示结果、条件和让步,如：.Working hard, you will succeed. _ .Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. _ 试试可不行以变成状语从句呢：

32、1 If you work hard, you will succeed. 2 Although the stone weighs almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. e. 现在分词的完成形式和被动形式分词的完成形式主要用在状语中,表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,如：. Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. . Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip aw

33、ay. 3. 过去分词作状语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 过去分词短语作状语,可以修饰谓语,说明动作发生的背景或情形,如：. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. . The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 2 过去分词短语表示缘由（相当于一个缘由状语从句）,如：. He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. 试试可不行以变成状语从句呢

34、：1 He soon fell asleep as/because he was exhausted by the journey. 3 过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句）,如：. United, we stand; divided, we fall. . Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 试试可不行以变成状语从句呢：1 If we are united ,we stand; If we are divided, we fall. 2 When/If the park is seen

35、 from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. .Attention .：过去分词短语作状语时,前面有时可以加上 when, if, while, though, as if 等连词,这种 结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为“ 主语 + be 的多种形式 ” ）；需要留意的是,省略的主语必需和主句的主语相同,如：名师归纳总结 .If / When heated, water changes into steam. 第 16 页,共 27 页.The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spo

36、ken to. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 试试看把它们补充完整：1 If/when water is heated, it changed into steam. 2 The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to.Attention .：1.在用分词短语作状语时, 它规律上的主语一般必需与句子的主语一样. 2.过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动；3.而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动；小试身手 试一试：判定以下句子中分词充当什么状

37、语,并且看看可不行以转化成相应状语从句；1 Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV. 表_ 2 I got home, feeling very tired. 表_ 3 Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.表_ 4 Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 表_ 5 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 表_ 二、非谓语的时态语态名师归纳总结

38、1. to do to do 一般进行完成第 17 页,共 27 页主动to be doing to have done - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 被动to be done / to have been done 小试身手 1 能被邀请来做演讲是我的荣幸；2 老板经过他身边时,他假装正在打电话；3 他们好像在发薪日前就花光了上个月的工资；2. doing 3. 主动一般（与谓语动词同时发生）完成（在谓语动词之前发生）doing having done 被动being done having been done done 过去分词 done 的一

39、般情形即表示小试身手 “ 被动、完成 ” 的含义,所以没有时态语态变化；1_earn some money to pay the daily expenses, I started to work in a local caf as a waiter. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 The most common mistakes _lead to a bad back are poor body mechanics and unhealthy habits. 3 We teenagers often t

40、hink that parents are conservative 保守的 , and they know nothing about us, but honestly, were actually still too young _know what s really best for us. 4 Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty _ adapt myself to life in the city, let a

41、lone finding a job to my delight. 5 _wonder how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. 6 The Flakes brought along a lobster 龙虾 trap in hopes of having some delicious treats, but it was lost within the first few hours after _attack by a shark. 7“I think she would like you to have it._shock, I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. 8 _endure too many of these tragedies in the past few ye