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1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language课前预习检测单词识记1.tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势tend (vi.) 趋向；易于2widespread (adj.) 分布广的；普遍的3average (adj.) 平均的4existence (n.) 生存；存在exist (vi.) 存在5advocate (vt.) 拥护；提倡；主张6commitment (n.) 承诺；交托；信奉commit (vt.) 承诺；保证7pollution (n.) 污染；弄脏pollute (vt.) 污染8growth (n.) 增长；生长gr
2、ow (v.) 发展；生长9electrical (adj.) 电的；与电有关的electricity (n.) 电10casual (adj.) 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的casually (adv.) 随意地；漫不经心地11circumstance (n.) 环境；情况12refresh (vt.) 使恢复；使振作refreshing (adj.) 令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的13educator (n.) 教育工作者；教育家education (n.) 教育；教育工作educate (vt.) 教育educated (adj.) 受过良好教育的；上过学校的14contribution
3、(n.) 贡献contribute (vt.) 贡献；奉献15presentation (n.) 显示；演出present (vt.) 提交；演出16disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致disagree (vi.) 不同意(反义词) agree (vi.) 同意短语完形1.on_the_whole大体上；基本上2on_behalf_of 代表一方；作为的代言人3put_up_with 忍受；容忍4so/as_long_as 只要5carry_out 实施；执行6and_so_on 等等7turn_up 调高；开大；出现；到达8as_well_as 也；又；既又9have_an_ef
4、fect_on 对有影响10make_a_difference 有关系；有影响语篇理解根据课文内容填空1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1.environmental2.improvements3.make4.greenhouse5.Turn6.Walk7.recycled8.energy9trees10.global课堂合作探究The Language Points of Learning about Language1On_the_whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great c
5、oncern.(教材P28)总的来说，地球转暖是一个引起广泛关注的现象。on the whole大体上；基本上On_the_whole our stay there was quite enjoyable.总的来说，我们在那儿待的时光是相当愉快的。We must look at the educational problem as_a_whole.我们必须从整体的角度来看待教育问题。We were there for the_whole_of July.我们整个七月都在那里。【即景活用】单句写作你在作文中犯了一些错误，但总的来说，你做得非常好了。You have made a few mist
6、akes in your composition but _ you have done well.她妈妈整整住了一年院。Her mother spent _ in hospital.答案：on the wholethe whole year2The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15 .(教材P29)温室效应给了地球表面15 的平均温度。average adj.平均的The_average_age_of the US soldiers who fought in the Vietna
7、m War was 19.参加越南战争的美国士兵平均年龄为19岁。We have many new books in the library and we have_an_average_of 8 books per student.图书馆有很多新书，平均每个学生8本书。On_average,_American firms remain the most productive in the world.一般来说，美国公司在全世界范围内生产效率是最高的。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Last year the number of students who graduated with a dri
8、ving license reached 200,000, _ average of 40,000 per year.答案：an(2)单句写作气温在接下来的三个月里可能高于平均水平。Temperatures will likely be _ for the next three months.平均来讲，男性仍比女性挣得多。_， men still earn more than women.答案：above averageOn average3Lowlying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea lev
9、els.(教材P29)地势低洼的国家感到他们的生存受到上升的海平面的威胁。existence n存在；生存The store came_into_existence more than ten years ago.这个商场十几年前就存在了。Fish cant exist without water.没有水，鱼就不能生存。【即景活用】单句语法填空The Department that you are referring to is not _ existence.All our marvelous and advanced technology would never come into _ (
10、exist) on this planet.They cant exist _ the money hes earning.答案：inexistenceonThe Language Points of Using Language第1段1I am doing a project on_behalf_of my school about global warming.(教材P30)我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。on behalf of 代表一方；作为的代言人On_behalf_of everyone here, may I wish you a very happy retireme
11、nt.请允许我代表在座的各位祝你退休后生活愉快。The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名运动员。【即景活用】单句写作他代表全体教职员工讲了话。He spoke _ all the members of the faculty and staff.今天总统不能来了，所以我将代表他讲话。The President cant be here today, so Im going to speak _.这个公司的字头代表了其创始人吗？Do the
12、 companys initials _ its founders?答案：on behalf ofon his behalfstand for2However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.(教材P30)然而，我仍认为人们应该提倡改善当今能源的消耗方式。advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所
13、有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。Many experts advocate_rewarding your child for good behavio(u)r.很多专家主张对孩子的良好表现加以奖励。He is a strong advocate_of/for prison reform.他是监狱改革的坚持拥护者。【即景活用】单句语法填空Many experts advocate that children _ (give) more free time.In the college, the professor he met first was _ advocate of truth.答案：(s
14、hould) be givenan3As Im not sure where_to_start_with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.(教材P30)因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。疑问词(where)不定式结构剖析本句使用了“疑问词不定式”结构。Where_to_go_tomorrow has not been decided.明天到什么地方去尚未决定。After the work, I dont know what_to_do next.下班之后，我不知道接下来做
15、什么。I have no way yet as to how_to_deal_with such a complicated situation.这样复杂的局面该怎么应付我还没谱儿呢。I cant tell my parents about it; I dont know who_to_turn_to (I dont know who I should turn to)我不能跟我的父母说这件事，我不知道该求谁。名师点津“疑问词不定式”结构相当于相应的疑问词引导的名词性从句。【即景活用】单句语法填空The little boy was wondering how _ (solve) the pr
16、oblem.Jack did not know where _ (find) such a good teacher.答案：to solveto find第2段4Together, individuals can make_a_difference.(教材P30)众人拾柴火焰高。make a difference 有影响；有区别Without doubt, his decision will make_a_difference to his family.他的决定无疑会对他的家庭产生重大影响。Whether he is here or not will make_no_difference t
17、o our work.他在不在对我们的工作没有影响。【即景活用】单句语法填空China is strong enough to make a great _ (differ) to the world.I can never tell the difference _ the twins.答案：differencebetween5We do not have to put_up_with pollution.(教材P30)我们不必去忍受污染。put up with忍受；容忍There are many inconveniences that you have to put_up_with wh
18、en you are camping.你在露营时必须忍受许多不便。One should always put a little money aside for a rainy day.一个人总应积攒点钱以备不时之需。He put_forward a plan for the committee to consider.他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。Never put_off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事，今日毕。【即景活用】单句写作我想人们对这种胡闹总有一个承受极限。I think there is a limit to how much of
19、 this nonsense people are going to _.她把牛奶收好后转过身来。She finished _ and turned around.远水救不了近火。Far water does not _ near fire.答案：put up withputting the milk awayput out第4段6It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using itif_not,_turn it off! (教材P30)只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！so
20、long as引导条件状语从句，if not省略结构剖析(1)so long as意思是“只要”，相当于 as long as，引导条件状语从句。(2)句中if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。So/As_long_as what you do is right, Ill go along with you.只要你们做得对，我就会同意。He will be all right so_long_as you dont touch his sore spot.只要你不提起他的伤心事，他是没有什么的。Are you pressed for time, Mr Bayl
21、iss? If_not (If you are not pressed for time), I suggest we have lunch.你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。【即景活用】单句语法填空As _ as my heart still beats, I will go on working for the people.The arrangements, if _ ideal, are fairly satisfactory.If _， call to find out about the company dress code before the interv
22、iew.答案：longnotpossible第6段7Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.(教材P30)如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。circumstance n环境；情况If you know all the circumstances,_Im sure you would excuse me.如果你知道情况的话，我相信你会原谅我的。Under/In_the_circumstances,_it seemed better not to te
23、ll him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。Under/In_no_circumstances should you lend Tom money.任何情况下都不要借钱给Tom。【即景活用】单句语法填空We should not criticize the parents _ the circumstances.Under no circumstances _ he going to resign.答案：under/inis/was第8段8Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, a
24、s they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.(教材P30)在你的花园或校园里种树，因为他们能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏时振奋你的精神。refresh vt.使恢复；使振作She was_refreshed_by a quick nap.小睡一会儿后她觉得精神焕发。He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes.他不得不靠看笔记来提醒自己。It is refreshing to hear a pol
25、itician speak so honestly.听到政治家如此诚实地讲话令人耳目一新。【即景活用】单句语法填空A gentle breeze was blowing, and I felt _ (refresh)It made a _ (refresh) change to see a good oldfashioned movie.答案：refreshedrefreshing关于全球变暖，我们能干些什么呢？亲爱的“关爱地球”组织：我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而，我仍认为人们应该提倡改善当今能源的消耗方式。因为
26、我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。 谢谢！ 欧阳光亲爱的欧阳光：有许多人承担你这样的义务，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。空气中的温室气体，二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够促进你的研究。1.在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着如果不用就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意。因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等时，要把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不要把暖气开大。2.机动车要用大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，你
27、就步行或骑自行车吧。3.如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。4.劝你的父母去买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。5.在你的花园或校园里种树，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏时振奋你的精神。6.最后，也是最重要的是，做一个教育者。同你的家人和朋友谈一谈全球变暖的问题，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。记住，你的贡献是很有价值的。 “关爱地球”组织课后演练提能基础题.单词拼写1That is not so bad, considering the c_ th
28、at we have a room to live in.答案：circumstances2I found there was an e_ fault in the engine.答案：electrical3His parents are both e_ at school.答案：educators4(2018全国卷)Ill give a p_ on it in my class tomorrow.答案：presentation5The sense of e_ is the greatest happiness.答案：existence.选词填空on the whole， on behalf
29、of， put up with， so long as， carry out， if not， on average， come into existence， under no circumstances， contribute to1The school _ a new policy on the cell phone.答案：carried out2Various factors _ his downfall.答案：contributed to3We can overcome any difficulty _ we are closely united.答案：so long as4Youd
30、 better get up early. _， youll be late for school.答案：If not5Pakistan _ as an independent country in 1947.答案：came into existence6_ the class, I would like to thank you all.答案：On behalf of7_， he gets three calls per hour during office hours.答案：On average8My opinion is _ the same as yours.答案：on the who
31、le9They had _ behavior from their son which they would not have tolerated from anyone else.答案：put up with10_ should you drive too fast.答案：Under no circumstances.单句语法填空1(2017江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more _ the Belt and Road construction.答案：to2Will you be fre
32、e this afternoon? If _， lets go to the concert together.答案：so3Our company has a _ (commit) to quality and customer service.答案：commitment4We should be able to do the job for you quickly, so _ as you give us all the necessary information.答案：long5(2018天津十二校联考)People who fail to take the challenge will
33、have to donate $100 to the ALS Association, which advocates _ (find) treatment and a cure for ALS.答案：finding6Life _ these challenging circumstances has inspired the Dutch to develop many excellent methods of fighting floods.答案：in7A 5day vacation will be a _ (refresh) experience to us. Its worth look
34、ing forward to.答案：refreshing8Does that make any _ (different)?Yes, it matters a great deal.答案：difference9Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry. Peter can show you how _ (turn) an idea into an act.答案：to turn10(2018合肥期中)Trees can absorb exhaust fumes from cars, thus reducing _ (pollute)答案：pollution.
35、单句写作1她努力学习结果通过了考试。She studied hard, and as _， she passed the exam.答案：a consequence/result2杰西卡扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。Jessica _ the hall, and found many familiar faces among the audience.答案：took a glance around/glanced around3彼得始终弄不明白他怎么就被解雇了呢。Peter just couldnt figure out how it _ he was dismissed.答案：
36、came about that4即使你英语很流利，你在美国也会不时地遇到麻烦。_ in English, you will come across difficulties now and then when in the US.答案：Even if you are fluent5我叔叔定期向当地慈善机构捐款。My uncle _ to the local charity.答案：subscribes regularly能力题.完形填空(2019广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)When 69yearold Dobrgyal started looking after the wild macaq
37、ues (猕猴) at a scenic spot in Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region, their population _1_ only 4050. Today, 18 years later, that same place is _2_ to over 2,800 Tibetan macaques.Dobrgyals relationship with the Tibetan macaques has been described as a _3_ love story between man and monkeys. A former _4_ keep
38、er, Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques, show them _5_ and make sure they are healthy. _6_， he has even taken some of the sick animals home and _7_ them back to health. China. org. cn reports that Dobrgyal has been the only one working as a _8_ in the Gongbogyam
39、da area for the last 18 years, and _9_ him as the main reason that the macaque population is rising.Tibetan macaques are a(n) _10_ species in China, and their food is provided by the Gongbogyamda forestry bureau (局), but its Dobrgyal who loads the bags into his truck and _11_it to the monkeys person
40、ally. Thanks to his _12_， the macaques have become very _13_ with tourists, many of whom also help to _14_ the animals.Having dedicated almost two decades of his life to the macaques, Dobrgyal now_15_himself about what will happen to them if his physical _16_ no longer allows him to take care of the
41、m properly.“Now Im so old, nearly 70 years old，” Dobrgyal said recently. “In the _17_ of my life I will do my best to take care of the monkeys, but if someday my health _18_ me feeding them anymore, I will have my sons replace me.”_19_， the furry creatures will be able to rely on their _20_ human fa
42、ther for many years to come.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了在Dobrgyal的努力下，野生猕猴的数量增加了，同时他们之间也建立了一份真挚的感情。1A.numberedBreduced CconfirmedDturned答案：A根据下文“Today, 18 years later, that same place is _2_ to over 2,800 Tibetan macaques.”的提示可知，此处表示它们的数量总共(numbered)只有40到50只。2A.seenBfun Chome Dknown答案：C根据上文“looking after the
43、 wild macaques (猕猴) at a scenic spot in Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region”的描述可知，18年后的今天，这里是2,800多只西藏猕猴的家(home)。3A.mouthwatering BheartbreakingCbreathtaking Dheartwarming答案：D根据下文“Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques, show them _5_ and make sure they are healthy”的描述可知
44、，此处为Dobrgyal和西藏猕猴之间的关系被描述为人类和猴子之间的一个暖人的(heartwarming)爱的故事。mouthwatering “令人垂涎的”；heartbreaking “使人心碎的”；breathtaking “惊人的”。4A.forest Bhouse CgardenDsoccer答案：A根据上文中的“looking after the wild macaques (猕猴) at a scenic spot”可推知，此处应为Dobrgyal以前是一个森林(forest)看守人。5A.honorBrespect Caffection Dmercy答案：C根据上文“Dobrgyals relationship with the Tibetan
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