初一英语语法知识材料点学习总结复习材料(超详细).doc

#+ 课时一教学任务 一、 重点语法 1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法： be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。 ①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+… ②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+… ③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +…… ④人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +…… 例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students. 用法口诀： 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。 一. 用括号中适当的词填空。 　　1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia. 　　2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student. 　　3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends. 　　4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day. 　　5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 　　6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 　　7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it. 　　8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us. 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you. 15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _______ over there. 第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词 一、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。 Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us) 二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。 数 人称 类别 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三 人称 形容词性物主 代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如： Is this your book? No,，it isn’t， it’s hers(her book) This pen is mine. 代词练习（一） 一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his） 二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. 三、单项选择。 （ ）1. My family ____ a big family. My family ____all here. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is （ ）2. This is __________. A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family C. a family’s picture D. a family of my picture （ ）3. Let’s __________ good friends. A. be B. are C. is D. am （ ）4. Is she your aunt? Yes, __________. A. she’s B. her is C. she is D. he is （ ）5. Are __________ coats yours? Yes, they are . A. they B. these C. this D. there （ ）6. Is that __________ uncle? No, it isn’t A. he B. she C. her D. hers （ ）7. Mrs. Green is __________ grandmother. A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kate’s C. Jim’s and Kate’s D. Jim and Kates’ （ ）8. Do you know the name _____Mr. Green’s son? A. in B. of C. on D. or （ ）9. __________ the great photo of your family. A. thank for B. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for （ ）10. Are those your friends? __________. A. Yes, they’re B. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are 代词练习（二） 一、用适当的代词填空 1．We like ________ (he, his , him) very much. 2．Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)? 3．________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li. 4．Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine). 5．________ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today. 6．Is this your book, Mike? 　Yes ,________(we, you, they )are. 7．Are you and Tom classmates? 　Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are. 8．Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal. 9．He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too. 10．Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers. 11．The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it . 12．I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________(one, ones). 二、选择正确的答案 1．Is this ________ book? 　A．you　　　　 B．I C．she　　　　 D．your 2．Its a bird. ________ name is Polly. 　A．Its　　　　 B．Its C．His　　　　 D．It 3．Whats that ?________ a jeep. 　A．its　　　　B．Its C．Its　　　　D．its 4．Whats that in English? ________. 　A．Its egg　　B．Thats egg C．Its a egg　D．Its an egg 5．Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _______? 　A．cats 　　　B．one C．ones　　　　D．cats 6．Please give the book to ________. A．I　　　　　 B．me C．my 　　　　 D．mine 7．_________skirt is yours? 　A．Whose 　　　B．Where C．How　 　　　D．Which 8．________ is this pen ? Its Wang Fangs. 　A．Whos 　　　B．Whose C．Where 　　　D．Which 9．Kate and Mike do ________ homework in the evening. 　A．ones　　　 B．his C．her　　　　 D．their 10．There isnt ________ water in the bottle. 　A．any　　　　 B．some C．no　　　　　D．a 课时二（2）简单句 一 陈述句 陈述句的否定结构： 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达： （1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为： 主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。 We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。 The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (won`t) come. 他不会来。 We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。 It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丢的。 （2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分 You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。 They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。 注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。 You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗？ 这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的 二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 第一节 一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时要用升调。 【一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型】 1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构 — Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗？ — Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词（或be）”结构 — May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗？ — Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 5、“助动词（do, does, did）+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构 — Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗？ — No, I don`t . 不，我不喜欢。 难点提示 回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 — Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗？ —Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 — Isn`t she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗？ — Yes, she is. 不，她很聪明。 — No, she is not . 是，她不聪明。 第二节 特殊疑问句 一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。 二、特殊疑问句的结构： 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？ What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？ When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？ 三、注意： 对人提问时who“谁” 对所属（谁的）提问用whose“谁的” 对哪一个提问用which“哪一个” 对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点” 对物体提问用what“什么” 对地点提问用where“哪里” 对原因提问用why“为什么” 对方式提问用how“怎么样” 对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或how much“多少”（用于不可数名词） 四、难点提示 1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。 Why don`t you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢？ 2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。 I don`t want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那儿，你呢？ But what else? 可是还有什么呢？ 把下列句子变成否定句： 1. I am listening to music. _______________________________________ 2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________ 3Sarah can clean the classroom. ________________________________________ 4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________ 5.There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________ 6. This is my sister. _________________________________________ 7.We are sweeping the floor.__________________________________________ 8. We need some masks. _________________________________ 9. They like making the puppet. _________________________________ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _________________________________________________ 11. I put a book on my head. _________________________________________________ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together. _______________________________________________ 13. We play basketball on Sundays. _________________________________________________ 14. Tom likes listening to music ____________________________________________ 肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法————————三步法 1. 有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 2. 无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。 例如： 陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar.. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 1. I am listening to music. __________________________ 2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom.________________________________________ 4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________ 5. There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________ 6. This is my sister. _________________________________________ 7. We are sweeping the floor.__________________________________________ 8. We need some masks. _________________________________ 9. They like making the puppet. _________________________________ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _________________________________________________ 11. I put a book on my head. _________________________________________________ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together. _______________________________________________ 13. We play basketball on Sundays. _________________________________________________ 14. Tom likes listening to music ____________________________________________ 关于特殊疑问词 1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词, 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。 2、how many后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。 1、A: _______ is the boy in blue? B:He’s Mike. 2、A: _______ pen is it? B:It’s mine. 3、A: _______ is the diary? B:It’s under the chair. 4、A: ___ is the Chirstmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December. 5、A: _______ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _______ is the cup? B:It’s blue. 7、A: _______ is it today? B:It’s Sunday. 8、A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _______ this red one? B:It’s beautiful. 12. A:_______ is your cousin? B: He’s 15 years old. 13、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock 综合练习 The children have a good time in the park. 否定句：___________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 1. There is only one problem. 否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 肯定/否定回答：____________________________________ 7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________________ 肯定/否定回答：____________________________________ . 句型转换题 1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改为否定句） 改为一般疑问句 5. I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句） 6. I am writing now.(同上） 7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主语改写句子） 8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改为否定句） 10. Does she like growing flowers? （给予否定回答） 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 六、部分单词的复数形式不变。 读音变化：保持原音。 例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; 七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。 读音变化：没有规律。 例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen 八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词 例： foot→feet; man→men mouse→mice; tooth→teeth; woman→women 九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的 例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼 十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词 例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar; traffic交通 十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资 十二、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思， 例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 十四、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词 如:videos,radios,studios,,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2. 一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos, 3. 一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos, 写出下列名词复数 leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______ 用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空： 1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest. 2>There are three ______(chair) in the classroom. 3>These _______(tomato) are red. 4>______(hero) are great. 5>My brother looks after two ______(baby) 6>There are some ______(deer) eating the grass. 7>My father likes to eat _______(potato). 8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles. 9>I have a lot o