高级中学英语作文作品写作议论文资料专业题材.doc

-/ 高中作文写作：议论文(专题二） 基本类型: 　　记叙文---- 写事记叙文、 写人的记叙文 　　议论文---- 对比观点议论文、说明利弊议论文 　　说明文---- 事理类说明文、事物类说明文 　　应用文---- 书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告 议论文（一）定义： 　议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过 　　摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。 三要素 论点，论据和论证是议论文的三要素，论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句（topic sentence）来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或建议，表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。论证有立论和驳论两种，作者证明自己的论点正确，是立论；反之，证明别人的论点错误，是驳论。 议论文的注意事项 1. 论点要鲜明，不可含糊其辞；论据要充分，要能充分证明观点的命题性，论据过程要条理清晰。 2. 文章安排逻辑性要强，推理要严密。 3. 重在说理，以理服人。 4. 主要使用现在时态。 5. 中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文，是一种限定性的写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确，有的文章提出问题，如：……为什么？/……怎么办？/……该采取什么措施？考生可以结合题目要求阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。 ★议论文模板 一、正反观点式议论文模板 导入：第1段： Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should…（导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧） 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.（正方观点） Here are the reasons. First… Second…Finally…（列出2~3个赞成的理由） 第3段： However, the others are strongly against it.（反方观点） Their reasons are as follows. In the first place… What’s more… In addition…（列出2~3个反对的理由） 结论：第4段： Personally speaking ,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it （个人观点） 二、“A”或者“B”类议论文模板： 导入：第1段 Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文：第2段 There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that… Another reason is that… (赞同A的原因) 第3段： All these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that A is superior to B in many ways.…(得出结论) 三、观点论述类议论文模板： 导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision. (亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下） 正文：第2段： First of all… Secondly…Besides…（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由） 结论：第3段： In conclusion, I believe that… (照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构) 四、连贯地连接信息 （1）常用的过渡词（组） 1. 表示并列 what’s more, in addition, too ,as well ,besides, furthermore, moreover ,what’s worse. 2. 表示因果 therefore, for this reason, thus, consequently. 3. 表示转折 but, however, on the contrary, instead, on one hand… on the other hand 4. 表示时间顺序 later, afterwards, from then on ,eventually, in the meantime, then, at the same time, after a while, at present, after that, finally 5. 表示列举 first, to begin with, secondly, first of all, then, next, finally 6. 举例说明 such as, for example, for instance, take… for example 7. 表示让步 nevertheless, still 8. 表示对比 on the contrary, in contrast, similarly 9. 陈述事实 in fact, actually ,as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 10. 表示总结 in a word, in short, to sum up, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in brief, in summary, in general, all in all 11. 表示意义重复 that’s to say, in other words, to put it in another way, to put it differently 12. 表示强调 above all, more importantly, indeed, without any doubt (2)常用的过渡句式有： 1. I do agree with… 2. In some way, I agree with…,but… 3. This point sounds right, but… 4. However, I think… 5. I definitely believe… 6. In my opinion/view, … 7. Personally, I feel that…/ Personally, I agree with… 8. As far as I’m concerned,… 9. I can’t agree more with the father. Such cases are often seen in our life 10. Attitudes towards…are various. 11. for one thing. …..for another 12. last but not the least…. (3)表达观点 认为 Think/feel/consider/say /hold that/hold the view that /insist/believe that 依我看 In my opinion/in my view/ in my eyes /as far as I am concerned 就我所知 As far as I know 我有理由如下 My reasons are as follows 我的观点如下 Here are my opinions 赞成/支持 Agree/be for/be in favor of 恐怕 I’m afraid that… 我相信 I’m convinced that… 我反对 I don’t agree with the idea that… （4）引用 俗话说/常言道 There goes the old saying… As the saying goes… There is a saying… As a proverb says… As we all know… （5）常用句子 1. Different people (students) have different ideas. 2. Different people look at …in different ways. 3. 60% of the students hold the view that… On the other hand, 40% believe that … 4. Opinions on the question are divided as follows: 70% of the students think that….. On the other hand, 30% don’t like the idea of…. 5. I’d love to give my opinion about….. 6. There are many advantages in… First….Second,… Third… However , there are some disadvantages as well……. Besides, 议论文通常由立论、论证和结论三部分组成，120词左右的议论文无需大量旁征博引，但要观点明确，逻辑严密，语言简练，以理服人。 同学们在写议论文时不妨采用下面的方法来试一试。 一、结构上采用三或四段式，显得简明晰。 首段先写主题，然后第二部分写正方或支持方及反方或反对方的观点，尾段写自己的看法或意见，段落一定要清晰。 二、套话先行。 套话先行可以起到先声夺人的效果。这既能迅速博得阅卷老师的好感，又能避免过早出现无谓的错误。 1、首段通常为 1） Many nations/college students have been faced with the problem of …… 　　2） Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 　　3） Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 　　4） Recently the issue has aroused great concern among …… 　　5） Nowadays there is a growing concern over …… 　　6） Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular. 　　7） Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that …… 　　8） According to a recent survey, …… 　 9） With the rapid development of economy/society……, 10）Recently we held(have hold)a discussion whether…. 11) When it comes to…, (当说到…) 2.、第二段首句通常可以这样写： As is known to all…play(s)an important part/role in our daily life/modern society. However, different people have different opinions(背熟此句，想错都难)．．． Some people/The majority of the students think it (is) a good idea/important/useful/convenient for somebody（根据题意改人称）to do…. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true… 列举观点 或Obviously ….. has both advantages and disadvantages．…../However，just as every coin has two sides，…has it’s disadvantages． 如果是两个论据，可以采用下列模式： on one hand+1…+on the other hand 2. 或…is one thing..is another… 如果是三个以上的论据，则可以简单采用以下模式： Firstly,/to begin with…+Secondly/furthermore,…Finally/last but not the least,… 注意：表明各方观点时常用一般现在时态。 3.结论 陈述自己观点 There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements，but… As far as I’m concerned/Personally/As for me/in my opinion/Personally speaking(尽量避免使用I think). 总结全文时常用到in one/a word，generally speaking，to conclude。 若提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型： 1） From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that …… 2） It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop …… 3）. We should take measures to … 4）. We’d better take effective measures to prevent … 5）. The government decided to take strong measures against … 6）. Urgent measures should be taken to prevent…. 7） It is necessary that steps should be taken to …… 8） In conclusion, it is imperative that …… 9） There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help. 10） To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must …… 11） In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 12） With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 13） We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to …… 14） Taking all these into account, we …… 15） Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear…… 问题解决型作文模板 问题解决型模板一 问题解决型模板二 问题解决型模板三 TOPIC ① With the ___ of ___, _____. ② So it is of great importance for us to ____. ③ On one hand, _____. ④ On the other hand, _______. TOPIC ① There has been a discussion recently about ________. ② It is true to the present situation that ______. ③ But _______. TOPIC ① Nowadays, there is a growing concern on ________. ② It is certain that _____. ③ However, ________ ⑤ However, we have figured out many ways to _______. ⑥ Firstly, _____. ⑦ So long as _________. ⑧ Secondly, ________ ⑨ Thirdly, _____. ④ As is known to all, there are many ways __________. ⑤ First of all, ________. ⑥ Furthermore, ________. ⑦ Last but not least, _________ ④ It will cause many serious results if ________. ⑤ Firstly, _______. ⑥ Secondly, ________ ⑦ Finally, _________. ⑩ In fact, ________. 11. That is because ______. 12. In a word, ________. ⑧ So it is high time for us to _____. ⑨ That is because _______. ⑩ Secondly, _____. 11. Thirdly, _________. 12. In conclusion, _________ ⑧ In spite of all these, there are still many ways _________. ⑨ First of all, _______. ⑩ In addition, _________. 11. Thirdly, _______. 12. Only in this way, _________. [写作模板]问题解决型-----对某一问题/话题进行分析,找出解决办法,表达自己的看法. 第一段：Nowadays，we have to face a problem that…(问题) /Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题) /It is important for us to…(问题). For instance_____________________(例一) First，_________________________(原因一). Moreover，_____________________(例二) Second，_______________________(原因二) 第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem． /Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation． Firstly，________________________(解决方法一) Secondly，______________________(解决方法二) 第三段：1)Personally，I believe that_______________(我的方法) /To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) One of them is ________________________(我的方法) The other way is_______________________(方法二) By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 2) In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/It’s clear that…/It’s no doubt that…. 现象解释型作文模板 现象解释型模板一 现象解释型模板二 现象解释型模板三 TOPIC ①Recently, _____________. ②What amazes us most is _____. ③It is true that ___________. TOPIC ①As is known to all, _________. ②___ seem to get accustomed to_____. ③In fact, __________. TOPIC ①Nowadays, _________. ②For one thing, _____. ③For another, _____________ ④It is obvious that ________. ④There are many reasons explaining ____. ⑤The main reason is ________. ⑥What is more, ____________. ⑦Thirdly, ______________. ⑧As a result, _____________. ④The reasons of _______ lie in several aspects. ⑤ Firstly, ______. ⑥ Secondly, _________. ⑦ Thirdly, ________. ⑧ Finally, _________ ⑤Many remarkable factors contribute to __________ ⑥First of all, _______. ⑦In addition, _________. ⑧Finally, _________. ⑨Considering all these, ___. ⑩For one thing, _________. 11. For another, _____________. 12. In conclusion, ___________. ⑨As a matter of fact, _______. ⑩On the one hand, _____. 11. On the other hand, ______. 12. Therefore, __________. ⑨As to me, ________ ⑩As we know, _________. 11. Besides, _________ 12. In a word, ___________. 现象解释型叙事类模板 现象解释型图表类模板一 现象解释型图表类模板二 TOPIC ① It so happened that _____. ② Just at the moment, _____. ③ It impressed me most because____. TOPIC ① As is clearly shown in the chart/table/figure/ graph, ______. ② Especially_______. ③ There are three reasons for _______. TOPIC ① The table/graph/figure/chart shows that ___________. ② It is self-evident that _____. ③ Three possible reasons contribute to _________. ④ What happened was _______. ⑤ At first, _______. ⑥ Almost at the same time, _______. ⑦ What’s more, ________. ⑧ As a result, _________. ④ To begin with, _______. ⑤ In addition, ________. ⑥ For example,_________. ⑦ Last but not least, _________ ⑧ In short, __________. ④ One reason is that ____. ⑤ Another reason is that _______. ⑥ For instance, __________. ⑦ What’s more, _________. ⑧ As a result, _________. ⑨ As I understand, ________. ⑩ On the one hand, _______. 11. On the other hand, ______. 12. Therefore, ___________. ⑨ As far as I am concerned/As for me/For my part, ___________. ⑩ On one hand, ___________. 11. On the other hand, ________. 12. In brief, ___________. ⑨ However, in my opinion,_____. ⑩ For one thing,_________. 11. For the other thing, _________. 12.To sum up, In conclusion, ____. 对比论述型作文模板 对比论述型模板一 对比论述型模板二 对比论述型模板三 TOPIC ①There is a heated debate over __. ②It is commonly accepted that __. ③In contrast, others _______. TOPIC ① Recently, we may hear quite different opinions ___________. ② Most people take it for granted that ______. ③However, others hold __________. TOPIC ① Different people will offer quite different ideas __________. ② Many people assert ________. ③ However, others believe _____. ④ Those who hold the first opinion suggest __________. ⑤ In their view, ________. ⑥ However, others think _____. ⑦ They argue that _______. ④ A dominant idea is that _______. ⑤ In this view, _______. ⑥ Nevertheless, the objectors think ____. ⑦ They argue that _______. ④ Some may proclaim ________. ⑤ They maintain such as idea because _______. ⑥ In contrast, the objectors think ____. ⑦ They argue that ________. ⑧ Considering one after another, I stand on the side of ____. ⑨ First of all, _________. ⑩ Further more, ______. 11. Thirdly, ________. 12. Therefore, ___________ ⑧ As to me, I prefer _________ ⑨ On the one hand, _______. ⑩ On the other hand, ________. 11. Therefore, __________. 12. In conclusion, ____________. ⑧ As far as I am concerned, I agree to _________. ⑨ First, _______. ⑩ Second, ________. 11. Last but not least, ________. 12. In a word, __________. [写作模板]对比选择型---不同观点对比---列举理由---然后自己的观点. 第一段：Some people tend to think that_________________________(观点一) They point out that__________________________________(理由一) Additionally，_____________________________________(理由二) A case in point is___________________________________(举例) Therefore_________________________________________(小结) 第二段：On the contrary，other people hold the view that_____________(观点二) They argue that_______________________________________(理由一) Whats more________________________________________(理由二) As an illustration，__________________________________(举例) Accordingly，_____________________________________(小结) 第三段：As far as I am concerned，(I think) ________________________(我的观点) The reason is that_______________________________________(理由一) And also，____________________________________________(理由二) So，_________________________________________________ (总结自己的观点) [写作模板]说明利弊型----某观点/某件事/某现象有利(列举好处),也有弊(列举弊端),应如何正确对待 第一段：[某观点/某件事/某现象有利(列举好处)]Whenever we hear people say that_____(主题)well instantly have the idea that it is a good／bad thing for_______(某人) Indeed，_________(主题)have advantages to_____________(某人) We can take_____________________(举例)as an example…． It will benefit____________________(好处一) In addition______________________(好处二) 第二段：[也有弊(列举弊端)]In the mean time，we must realize those disadvantages of____(主题) First of all，_______________(坏处一) Second,___________________(坏处二) 第三段：[应如何正确对待]To sum up the above arguments，I think a proper attitude towards__________(主题) is that_______________________(我的观点) 对立观点式 　　A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ 　　B．有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ 　　C．我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that _______________________支持X 的第一个原因。 They also argue that _____________________________支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other p