2011年英语考研模拟题.doc

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1、-!Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points ) In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 th

2、at nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes. 4，the learning that oc

3、curs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother

4、 duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be c

5、onsiderably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a dance that bees do to indicate the

6、distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an allpurpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally

7、 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for

8、her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the

9、social unit as a family. The motheroffspring tie is beyond 19;there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is brotherbrother and sistersister. 1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised 2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering 3AstatuesBstatusesCsta

10、tutesDstatures 4AWhats moreBHenceCButDHowever 5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely 6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines 7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter 8AonBwithCinDwithin 9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed 10AvariedBdeviatedCdifferedDaltered 11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected 12AmayBshouldCmustDca

11、n 13AbyBout ofCfromDthrough 14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate 15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven 16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly 17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided 18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead 19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation 20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggestSection Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the fol

12、lowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points) Text 1 New figures from France,Germany and Italy-the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone -suggest the continents economic woes may have been exaggerated.In F

13、rance, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5

14、%. With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown

15、. Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europes largest economy-a key reason for the European Central Banks reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The informatio

16、n backed economists expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the Eurowide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last years spike in oil prices dropping out of the yearonyear calculat

17、ion. The icing on the cake was news that Italys job market has remained buoyant.The countrys July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasigovernmental research group ISAE told of a general picku

18、p in demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the countrys biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the

19、 attacks on US targetsmeant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the governments 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italys government has promised its European Union partners. 21We know from the first paragraph that. Anew figure

20、s from the three European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly right BEuropean economy gets on better than forecasters have predicted Call of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reduction Din three European countries the consumer spending continues to rise 22The term

21、in the doldrumsin Paragraph 2 refers to . Ain the process of rising Bexperiencing a sharp turning Cin the recessionDrising rapidly 23Which of the following statements is true according to the text?. AThe reason for the ECBs unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall i

22、n Germany BIn Germany consumer prices were falling CLast years oil prices dropping out of the yearonyear calculation directly leads to the drop of inflation DThe European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate 24ln this passage,the wordbuoyant in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.

23、AdepressingBgloomyCactiveDcalm 25lndustrial group Confindustria warned that. Athe attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growth Bthe growth had been well short of the governments target Cthe budget deficit must be about 1.5% Dthe budget deficit will probably be great different from th

24、e countrys promise Text 2 Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 58 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost onethird of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewe

25、d reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About onefourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2%

26、 said they had increased their use of marijuana. The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals betw

27、een October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4%

28、using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least on

29、e extra drink a day. The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD a

30、nd depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during t

31、he attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances. Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or

32、 ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use. 26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was . A alcoholB marijuanaC ci

33、garettesD cocaine 27. The survey participants were . A randomly selected United States citizens B randomly selected New York City citizens C randomly selected Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade Center D randomly selected American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack 28. The

34、 author is trying to show that . A use of substances may vary from time to time B abuse of certain substances is harmful for health C the attack of september 11th has left incurable harm to peoples mental health D terrorist attack increase anxiety and sense of insecurity among residents 29. What can

35、 be said about substance abuse after September 11? A People who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have PTSD. B People who were living closer to World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking. C Displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were con

36、sistently associated with increased substance use. D Symptoms of panic attach were unrelated with increased use of substances. 30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected. B Gender and race do not have much eff

37、ect on the amount of substance abuse. C Age and marital status do not make any difference on substance abuse. D Income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age. Text 3 The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower

38、 and into an area of higher productivity and yield.But Says definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks t

39、o organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards. The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is cons

40、idered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonalds. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the re

41、sources applied to create his fastfood chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means. Many of the sharp, blackandwhite contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accou

42、ntants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were above the marketdriven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risktakers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had

43、 in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more priceconscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firm

44、s join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients. Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very

45、 emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonalds is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources

46、 works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident. 31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur? A.The CEO of a big company. B.The owner of a profitable restaurant. C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because o

47、f some financial problems. D.A successful salesman. 32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur? a resource shifterone who starts a new business nonprofessionalmoneygaining a risk taker A.B.C.D. 33.From the text, we learn that . A.an entrepreneur should be very extroverted B.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunities C.change is not norm in an entrepreneurs eyes D.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of entrepreneur 34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .