2022年PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析2 .pdf

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1、PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8 册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有 7 种：to be 句型、there be 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can 引导的句型、 be going to 句型等。现以 58册书为例，简要分析如下： 一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58 册的句型主要有：1. Whos y our English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. What s

2、he like?He s tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active. 4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. What s your favourite fruit/food?7. They re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is

3、in June. Uncle Bill s birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. What s the date?12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？I m 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me. 16.Youre 4 cm taller than me.17.How heavy are

4、 you? I m 48 kg.名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - 18. I m thinner than you, and shorter.19. What s the matter with you? My throat is sore. 20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为

5、： There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。 There are+可数名词复数 +地点。该句型主要分布在第5 册的 Unit 5 和 Unit 6 中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is. 4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there a

6、ny pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are. 三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为： 主语+行为动词 +其他。当主语是第三人称单数时， 要在动词原形后面加 s 或 es ，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词 do 或 does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always 等。 该句型主要分布在第5册 Unit2&3 ，第 6

7、册 Unit1&2, 第 7 册 Unit4,5,6, 第 8 册 Unit2 中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays. 3. I do my homework. 4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 5. I like frui

8、t. But I dont like grapes. Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - 2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 3. What do you do on the week

9、end? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking. 5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter? Book7: 1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes

10、I go by bike. 3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too. 4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does. 5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesn t. She teaches math. 6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where does she work? She works in a car company. 8. How does she

11、go to work? She goes to work by bus. 9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. 10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour. 11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river. 12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour. 13. How do you do

12、 that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts. 2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常

13、用在 Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为： be动词（ am, is, are）+动词现在分词 (v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第 6 册 Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing? I m doing the dishes.I m reading a book. 2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. He is writing an e-mail in the study. 3. Wh

14、at is it doing ? It s eating bananas.4. What is she doing ? She s jumping.5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming.They re climbing trees. 6. Are you eating lunch? No, we aren t.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are. 8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.

15、 五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为： 主语+动词过去式 +其他。标志词通常是： yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did 。该句型分布在第8册 Unit3&4 中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you re

16、ad book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.

17、8. How did you go there？ I went by train. 此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情态动词 can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5 册 Unit4 和第 7 册 Unit1 中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water t

18、he flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I can t.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus. 七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和 be going to句型，主要以 be going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构： am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有： tomorrow next week

19、end this morning this weekend next be going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents. 2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema. 3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane. 4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go th

20、ere at 9:00 am. 小学英语不规则动词过去式表名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - be (am is) was are were comecamego went do (does)-did fly flewdrawdrew makemade sing sanghave (has) had eat ate drinkdrankput put letlet readreadcancould

21、 see saw meetmet名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - get got forgetforgot take tookmay might shall should will would knowknew begin began bendbentbuild built mean meant buyboughtlearn-learnt learned think thought teach

22、taught名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - catch caught sleep slept sweepsweptkeepkept speakspoke ride rodefeel felt leave left give gaverunran ring rang sit sat swimswam say-said stand-stood telltold throw threw winwon

23、 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - write-wrotebe (am is) was are were comecamego went do (does)-did fly flewdrawdrew makemade sing sanghave (has) had eat ate drinkdrankput put letlet readread名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - -

24、 - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - cancould see saw meetmetget got forgetforgot take tookmay might shall should will would knowknew begin began bendbentbuild built mean meant buybought名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 -

25、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - learn-learnt learned think thought teach taughtcatch caught sleep slept sweepsweptkeepkept speakspoke ride rodefeel felt leave left give gaverunran ring rang sit sat swimswam say-said stand-stood 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

26、精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - telltold throw threw winwon write-wrote一、一般疑问句1. - Did you read books? 你读书了吗？- Yes, I did.是的，我读过了。 / No, I didnt. 不，我没有读过。2. - Is she quiet? 她文静吗？- No, she isnt. Shes very active. 不，她不。她很活跃。- Is she strict? 她严格吗？- Yes, she i

27、s, but shes very kind. 是的，她是，但是她很和蔼。3. - Is this a teachers desk? 这是一张讲台桌吗？Is it cold? 冷吗？Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月吗？Is this your T-shirt? 这是你的 T 恤衫吗？- Yes, it is. 是的。 / No, it isnt. (No, its not.) 不，不是的。4. - Can you make the bed? 你会铺床吗？Can you use a computer? 你会使用电脑吗？- Yes, I can. 是的，我会。 / N

28、o, I cant. 不，我不会。5. - Are they ducks? 它们是鸭子吗？名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - Are they eating the honey? 它们吃蜂蜜吗？- Yes, they are. 是的，它们是。 / No, they arent. 不，它们不是。6. - Is there a forest in the park? 公园里有一个森林吗？Is the

29、re a river? 那里有条河吗？- Yes, there is. 是的，那里有。 / No, there arent. 不，那里没有。7. - Are there any pandas in the mountains? 山里有一些熊猫吗？Are there any fish in the rivers? 河里有一些鱼吗？- Yes, there are. 是的，那里有。 / No, there arent. 不，那里没有。8. - Are you eating lunch? 你（们）正在吃午餐吗？- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.) 是的，我正在吃。（是的，我们正在吃

30、。）No, I am not. (No, we arent.) 不，我没有在吃。（不，我们没有在吃。）9. - Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋吗？- Yes, he is. 是的，他是。 / No, he isnt. 不，他没有。10. - Is she counting insects? 她正在数昆虫吗？- Yes, she is. 是的，她是。 / No, she isnt. 不，她没有。11. - Does she / he teach English? 她（他）教英语吗？- Yes, she / he does. 是的，她（他）是。 / No, she / he

31、doesnt. 不，她（他）不是。二、谈论时间1. - What time is it? 几点钟？- Its two oclock. 两点钟。Its 9: 45. Its time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。2. - What day is it today? 今天星期几？名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - Its Wednesday. 星期三。3. -

32、 When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐？- I eat dinner at 7: 00 in the evening. 我晚上 7 点钟吃晚餐。4. - When do you get up? 你几点起床？- I usually get up at 12: 00 noon. 我一般中午 12 点钟起床。5. - When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？- Its in May. 在五月。My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六

33、月。6. - Whats the date? 几月几日？- June 9th. 六月九日。三、谈论颜色1. - What colour is it? 什么颜色？- Its white. 白色。四、谈论地点1. - Where are you going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪？- Im going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。12. - What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？- Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看电视和去购物。Sometimes I visit my

34、 grandparents. 有时候我去拜访我的祖父母。/ I often play football. 我经常去踢足球。Sometimes I go hiking. 有时候我去远足。13. - What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你们有什么课？名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - We have English, math and science on Thu

35、rsdays. 星期四我们有英语，数学和科学课。14. - What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么？- I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看电视。15. - What about you? 你呢？- I do my homework, too. 我也做我的家庭作业。16. - What do you have for lunch on Mondays? 星期一你中餐吃什么？- We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 我们吃西红柿，豆腐和鱼。17. - What can you do? 你能做什么？- I can

36、 sweep the floor. 我会扫地。I can cook the meals. 我会做饭。I can water the flowers. 我会浇花。十、谈论方式1. - How do you go to school, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么去学校？- Usually I go to school on foot. 一般我走路去学校。Sometimes I go by bike. 有时候我骑自行车。2. - How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎么去中山公园？- You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐 15 路公共汽

37、车。3. - How did you go there? 你怎么去那？- I went by train. 我坐火车去。4. - How do you do that? 你怎么做那件事？- First, I . Then I . 首先，我。然后我。5. What should you do then? 然后你怎么做？6. - How does she go to work? 她怎么去工作？名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 47 页 - -

38、 - - - - - - - - She goes to work by bus. 她坐公共汽车去工作。十一、谈论心情，身体状况1. How are you, Liu Yun? 刘云，你怎么样？You look so happy. 你看起来很开心。2. How are you, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么样？You look sad today. 今天你看起来很伤心。3. - Whats the matter? 怎么了？- My throat is sore. My nose hurts. 我的喉咙痛。我的鼻子痛。十二、谈论体重、身高1. - How heavy are you? 你多少重？-

39、 Im 48 kg. 我 48 公斤。- Im thinner than you, and shorter. 我比你瘦和矮。2. - How tall are you? 你多高？- Im 164 cm tall. 我 164 厘米高。- Youre shorter than me. 你比我矮。Youre 4 cm taller than me. 你比我高四厘米。十三、谈论职业1. - What does your mother do? 你妈妈做什么的？- She is a TV reporter. 她是一个电视台记者。十四、谈论天气1.Whats the weather like today?

40、 今天的天气怎么样？2. Its warm today. 今天很暖和。3. Its cool. 今天很凉爽 . 小学英语语法知识汇总（一）名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 16 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - 一、词类：1、动词：行为动词、 be 动词、情态动词。（1）行为动词原形、 +s/es 、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：（2）be 动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用 am, 你用 ar

41、e, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、 一般疑问句Am I ? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are you/they ? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. is 、am 、are 为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来

42、时中。was和 were 为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。（3）情态动词can、must、should 、would、may 。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）2、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is 或者 was。如何加后缀：a 一般情况下，直接加 -s ， 如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾， 加-es ， 如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c以“辅音字母 +y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-

43、es ，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries d以“f或 fe ”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es ，如： knife-knives 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 17 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - e不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse

44、-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 3、形容词（包括副词）形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征： asas 中间一定用原形，有than 的时候一定 +er。4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性（短）名词性（长）形容词性（短）名词性（长）第一人称I me we us my

45、mine our ours 第二人称you you you you your yours your yours 第三人称he him they them his his their theirs she her her hers it it its its 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的）名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 18 页，共 47 页 - - - -

46、 - - - - - 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。5、数量词我们学过两类： 基数词和序数词。 基数用于表示数量多少， 而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the 。6、冠词有 a、 an、 the 。 a 和 an 的区别：an 用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou ）前，a 用于辅音音素前。小学英语语法知识汇总（二）二、否定句：be 动词（am 、is 、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（ can、must、should ）+ not 、助动词（ do、does、did ） + not 如何

47、将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无 be 动词，如有，直接在be 动词后 + not 。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not 。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not 。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用 do、does 还是 did ，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用 do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有 did 。（3）在助动词后加 not 。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some的要考虑是否要用any。名师归

48、纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 19 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - 三、一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无 be 动词，如有，把 be 动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用 do、does 还是 did ，根据句中动词

49、，动词是原形的助动词就用 do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有 did 。（3）把助动词后提到句首。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some的要考虑是否要用any。四、特殊疑问句。表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法When 什么时间问时间What time 什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who 谁问人Whose 谁的问主人Where 在哪里问地点Which 哪一个问选择Why 为什么问原因What 什么问东西、事物What colour 什么颜色问颜色What about 。怎么样问意见What

50、day 星期几问星期几What date 什么日期问日期What for 为何目的问目的How 。怎样问情况How old 多大年纪问年纪名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 20 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - How many 多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much 多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）How about 。怎么样问意见How often 多久问频率How long 多长时间问时间长度How