[情态动词].ppt

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1、情态动词表说话人的某种感情情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。表示某种态度。表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。 情态动词情态动词 ( modal verbs)1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer center?4) I though what he said could not

2、 be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1. 1.表能力表能力3. 表示表示“请求请求” “允许允许”(表请求时，口语中常用表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用使语气更委婉，回答时用can)2. 表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“可能可能”“”“或许或许”，用于疑问句或否定句，用于疑问句或否定句1. can 与与could4. 表示表示“许可许可”，可与，可与may 换用。换用。You can go home now.5. can 用于疑问句或否定句中时，表

3、惊异、用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能够可能、能够”。How can you say that you really understand the wholeStory if you have covered only part of the article?6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示对过去表示对过去 情况的否定推测情况的否定推测Susan cant have written a report like this.7. could + have + done 表示对过去能做而表示对过去能做而 未做的事情感到惋惜，遗

4、憾未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.1. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a ho

5、tel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed4. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have

6、 attendedBAAA2. may 与与might1. 表示表示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口语中的意思，口语中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。 否定回答时用否定回答时用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not in her offic

7、e now.2. 表示可能性。表示可能性。 意为意为“或许，可能或许，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小。可能性小。Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They may be in the library now.3. may/ might as well + 动词原形动词原形 “还是还是的好的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.4. May you +动词原形动词原形 表表“希望、祝愿、祈求希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你祝你”Eg: May you success.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have tu

8、rned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. willAB3. will 与与would 1. 表表“请求、建议请求、建议”等，用等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客气些委婉，客气些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cu

9、p of tea?2. 用于表示意志或意愿。用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在，指现在， 而而 would 指指 过去。过去。Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us.3.表示习惯性动作。表示习惯性动作。 译作译作 “总是、惯于总是、惯于” will 指现在，指现在， would 指过去。指过去。Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish will die without water. 3) Every evening, she would sit b

10、y window, deep in thought.4. 表示功能，译作表示功能，译作“能、行能、行”Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door wont open.5. 用于否定句中，表示用于否定句中，表示“不肯、不乐意不肯、不乐意”Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.4. should1. 用于表劝告、建议。用于表劝告、建议。 意为意为”应该、应当应该、应当”。Eg: You should keep your promise.2. 用于表推测。用于表推测。 意为意为 “可能、该可能、该”

11、Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.5. shall 与与will1. Shall 与第一、三人称连用，且用在疑问句中时，与第一、三人称连用，且用在疑问句中时， 表说话人征求听话者的允诺。表说话人征求听话者的允诺。 Will 与第二人称连用，且出现在疑问句中时，与第二人称连用，且出现在疑问句中时， 表示请求。表示请求。 Would 更客气。更客气。Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 3

12、) Will you speak louder, please?2. shall的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人 的允诺、警告、命令等语气。的允诺、警告、命令等语气。 will 的主语是第一、二、三人称的陈述句，的主语是第一、二、三人称的陈述句， 表意志、意愿。表意志、意愿。Eg: 1)You shall get the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you will come to my house. I will show you

13、my new painting.允诺允诺警告警告命令命令6. cant用来表示由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。用来表示由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。Eg: 1) -Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? - It cant be Tom, he has gone abroad. 2) - Can/ could they have finished the work? - No, they cant have finished the work so soon.7. must1. 表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为表示义务

14、或强烈的劝告，意为“必须必须”“”“应该应该”， 其否定式表示其否定式表示“不应该不应该”“”“不许可不许可” “不准不准”“”“禁止禁止”。Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.2. 回答回答 must 所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用 “neednt” “dont have to”.Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have

15、 to, but you must finish it in three days.3. 表推测，用于肯定句，意为表推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定一定”“”“务必务必”。Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden. 情态动词情态动词 + have done这是历年高考热点之一，这是历年高考热点之一，可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计1. must have done “

16、想必或肯定已经做了某事想必或肯定已经做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已经做了某事大概已经做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已经做了某事不可能已经做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained la

17、st night注：在疑问句中注：在疑问句中 can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性表示对过去情况的疑问性 推测，推测，“可能已经可能已经了吗？了吗？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1. should/ought to have done “过去本该做而没做过去本该做而没做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied

18、 hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “过去不该做的事却做了过去不该做的事却做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本来能够做的事却没做本来能够做的事却没做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本没有必要来（实际

19、也没来）他本没有必要来（实际也没来）他本没有必要来（实际却来了）他本没有必要来（实际却来了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事却做了原本不必做的事却做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you neednt have left in such a hurry.5. didnt need to do/ didnt have to do “ 没有必要做，实际也没做没有必要做，实际也没做” eg: I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it.6. Would rather have done “本想做却未做成本想做却未做成” eg: I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.