情态动词.ppt

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1、语法难点突破之二 情态动词,Modal verbs,JackI have good news for you!RoseWhat?JackThe educational department has carried out rules to reduce students too much study load. RoseReally? If so, I dont have to stay up late to do so much homework and my mom may allow me to play computer games.JackThe best thing I think

2、 is that I can have more spare time to take exercise after class.RoseSure. By the way, who is your favorite sports star?JackLiu Xiang, I should say.RoseTell me something about him.JackWell, maybe I can show you some photos.,一. We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力）2. Obligation （义务）3. Cer

3、tainty （可能性）4. Permission （允许）,二.We also use modal verbs to:,5. Make requests（提出请求）6. Make suggestions（提出建议）7. Make offers（提供帮助）8. Give advice（提出意见）,1.Ability (能力):,Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.,can/could:,1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许 。,Learning English _ be dif

4、ficult.,can,Man can not live without air.,_ I use your bike?,Can,can/could:,2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。, _I have the television on? Yes, you _. / No, you _,Could,He asks if he _ smoke here.,could,can/may,cant/Im afraid not,can/could:,3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）,Hes such a nice person that he

5、_ commit the crime.,cant,你怎么会如此地粗心！,How can you be so careless!,Can this be true?,can/could:,4. can never/canttoo表示“无论怎样也不过分”，“越越好” 。,你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。,You cant be too careful while crossing the road.,Attention:,can/be able to区别:,Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was no

6、t able to.,Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互换) ? If not, why?,can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,Attention:,can/be able to区别:,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.,was able to,2. She _ speak

7、 both English and French.,can,Im so tired! I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day!,2.Obligation (义务):,yet he must work hard to win the gold medal.,Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle race,Attention:,advisability,necessity,ought to/should,have to,must,Your mother brings you up an

8、d takes good care of you, so when she is old, you _ look after her in return.,A.can B.may C.have to D.must,Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.,Although the chance of winning a medal is small, Ill try my best!,3.Certainty (可能性) :,Attention:,very uncertain,almost certain,might,should,

9、must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home.,2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.might C.must,(can),must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。This must be your pen.He must be doing his homework now.He must have arrived already.,must,must,2. 表示

10、“坚持”（常用于固定句型：if you must do sth. 如果你非得要做某事）,如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。,If you must leave, do it quietly.,Attention:,They_ be doing the experiment in the lab.Why？Because the lights are still burning.,A.could B.can C.must D.would,4.Permission (允许):,May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?,may/might:,1. 表示许可。表示请求、允

11、许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。, Might/May I use your computer? Yes, you can. /No, you cant/mustnt.,may/might:,2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。,祝你成功！,May you succeed.,He may be very busy now.,May you be happy all your life.,5.Making requests (提出要求):,Can you help me with my training?,I dont kno

12、w how to use this equipment!,will can could would,informal,formal,6.Making suggestions (提出建议):,Shall we do the training in the morning?,Its too hot to take exercise in the afternoon.,shall:,1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。,1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leav

13、e hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?,shall:,2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。,He shall have the book when I finish it.,警告,威胁,允诺,7.Making offers (提供帮助):,Dont worry, dear, I will wash them r

14、ight away.,Mom, my dirty clothes have been piled up! I dont have time,will/would:,1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。,sentence pattern,Would you please,Would you mind,Would rather,Would you like,will/would:,2.表示意志、愿望和决心。,I will never do that again.,will/would:,3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。,1).The old man

15、_have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.,would,2).门就是打不开 !,The door wont open.,will/would:,Attention:,I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.,Question: Is this sentence correct? Why?,情态动词,表示 “意愿”,8.Giving advice (提出意见):,You should no

16、t/ought not to eat so much before running.,How delicious!,1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto。,Should I open the window?,我们应当要相互学习。,We should learn from each other.,should:,2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。,RoseSure. By the way, who is your idol?JackLiu Xiang, I should

17、say.,I should advise you not to do that again.,3. should表示意外或惊讶 常译为 “居然，竟然”。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。,should:,4. should 表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”,should:,-When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be rea

18、dy by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need,To be continued,三. “情态动词+have done”的用法,（1）must have done对过去某事的十分肯定猜测（2）may/might have done对过去某事的可能性猜测（3）cant/couldnt have done对过去某事的否定猜测（4）should/ought to have done过去应该做而未做（5）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 过去不应该做而实际上做了（6）neednt have done 本没有必要做的事实际却做了

19、（7）could have done 本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到,Lets have a try!,Practice,With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have goneC. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone,2. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. needn

20、t have hurried,Practice,3. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. -You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see,4. Aunt Mary_the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss,

21、四. 可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing,He darent speak English before such a cro

22、wd, dare he?,判断正误:,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?,These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.,五. 表示否定的情态动词的用法: 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。,mustnt 不准, 禁止 neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能; 不可能may not 不可以; 可能不shouldnt 不应该 ( = ought not to ),How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs?,Functions & usage of modal verbs,Language context (上下文、语境),Thinking,Functions & usage of modal verbs,Language context (上下文、语境),