2022山西大学英语考试真题卷（7）.docx

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1、2022山西大学英语考试真题卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.England and France are separated by 22 miles of open ocean at their closest point. Attempts to swim the English Channel have been made by people of all ages and from various walks of life. Each swimmer is d

2、rawn to the famous channel for different reasons, but each has the same goalto conquer the Channel. The English Channel was first crossed in 1875 by Matthew Webb, an Englishman, who swam breaststroke from Dover, England, to Calais, France. Since then, over 3, 700 people have made approximately 4, 50

3、0 attempts on the Channel. Only 297 people (199 men and 98 women), however, have successfully duplicated Webbs remarkable achievement. Cold water, rough sea, strong currents, heavy winds and jellyfish are among the many reasons why the success is so slow. Attempts are usually made between late July

4、and mid-October when the water temperature reaches a tolerable level (57-62 degrees Fahrenheit). Swimmers and escort crews must wait for periods of calm seas and light winds lasting 10-20 hours. Much to the frustration of the athletes and their coaches and crews, the weather may only cooperate a few

5、 clays each year. Once in the Channel, swimmers are always at the mercy of the elements since temperature, winds and currents can change hourly. Quite often, luck and good timing play as important a role in a swimmers success as proper physical training and mental preparation. As a result of bogus c

6、laims of success, the Channel Swimming Association was established to authenticate all crossings. The Association also issues a list of knowledgeable navigators and provides invaluable advice to those intending to attempt the swim. Interested individuals should notify the Association of their plans

7、several months in advance. Most swimmers attempt to swim from Dovers Shakespeare Beach in England to Cap Griz-Nez, France. Matthew Webbs time of 21 hours and 45 minutes in 1875 has been significantly reduced to 7 hours and 40 minutesa record set by Penny Lee Dean in 1978. In 1961, Channel swimming e

8、ntered a new era when Antonio Abertondo from Argentina successfully completed the first double crossing (England-France-England) in 43 hours and 10 minutes. This record now stands at 17 hours and 56 minutes, set by New Zealander Philip Rush in 1985. Remarkably, Cindy Nicholas from Canada has success

9、fully made a double crossing on five separate occasions. And, after years of trying, Jon Erickson from Chicago made the first and only triple crossing of the Channel in 1981 in 38 hours and 37 minutes. Channel swimmers come in all ages, abilities and backgrounds. Two 12-year-old English schoolchildr

10、en have completed the Channel on separate occasions. James, a famous swimming coach, completed the swim in September of 1979 at the age of 58. Sixty-five-year-old Ashby Taylor and 47-year-old Stella Taylor are the oldest male and female swimmers currently on record. Swimmers with various disabilitie

11、s (polio, blindness, missing limbs) have also been successful. These athletes, whether they ultimately succeed or fail, are shining examples of the indomitable human spirit.Once in the Channel, a swimmers success often depends on whetherAhe is well trained.Bhe is mentally prepared.Che has a strong w

12、ill.Dthe weather pattern changes suddenly. 2._ any film before, his first attempt was a great success.A Though having never directedB Despite he had never directedC As he had never directedD In spite of his never having directed 3.Until recently, women in advertisements were one of three thingsan ap

13、ron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, This ad degrades women. Why does this sort of advertising exist How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes, after months of re

14、search, advertising that offends the consumer The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print media) is carrying out a research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry

15、 already knows: although women are often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain. Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypesin many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household

16、 tasks, or as inconsiderate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industrys apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertisin

17、g agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angrythey just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but have a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says tha

18、t it is not advertisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handled. Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisements tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commons

19、ense advice. In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end t

20、ake the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow.Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement ought toAgive further emphasis to practical advice.Bchange their style rather than their content.Cuse male images instead of female ones.Dpay more com

21、pliments to women than before. 4.A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain (31) both on resources of consumers and on the motives that (32) to encourage or discourage money spending. If an (33) were asked which of

22、three groups borrow mostpeople with rising incomes, (34) incomes, or declining incomeshe would (35) answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the past, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the (36) . This

23、 shows us that traditional (37) about earning and spending are not always (38) . Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will (39) to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. (40) research surveys have shown that this is n

24、ot always (41) The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One (42) attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic at a time of rising prices. Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. (43) , the rise in prices that has already taken place ma

25、y be resented and buyers resistance may be evoked. The (44) mentioned above was carried out in America. Investigations (45) at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more (46) traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most contributive to s

26、pending (47) to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are (48) , they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common (49) policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of (50) psychology.AsimilarBsoundCstableDequal 5.Alexis de Toc

27、queville, the French political scientist, historian, philosopher and politician, is most famous for a four-volume book he wrote called Democracy in America. He came to America in 1831 to study the American form of democracy and what it might mean to the rest of the world. After a visit of only nine

28、months, he wrote a remarkable book which is regarded as a classic. Tocqueville had unusual powers of observation. He described not only the democratic system of government and how it operated, but also its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act. Many scholars believe he had a deeper understand

29、ing of traditional American beliefs and values than anyone else who has written about the United States. What is so remarkable is that many of these traits which he observed nearly 200 years ago are still visible and meaningful today. His observations are also important because the timing of his vis

30、it, the 1830s, was before America was industrialized. This was the era of the small farer, the small businessman, and the settling of the western frontier. It was the period of history when the traditional values of the new country were newly established. In just a generation, some 40 years since th

31、e adoption of the U.S. Constitution, the new form of government had already produced a society of people with unique values. He was, however, a neutral observer and saw both the good and bad sides of these qualities. The first part of Democracy in America was written in 1831-1832 and published in 18

32、35. A highly positive and optimistic account of American government and society, the book was very well received. He attempted to get a glimpse of the essence of American society, all the while promoting his own philosophy: the equaling of the classes and the inevitable death of aristocratic privile

33、ge. The rest of the book he labored on for four years, and in 1840 the second part was published. This was substantially more pessimistic than the first, warning of the dangers despotism and governmental centralization, and applying his ideas and criticisms more directly to France. As a result, it w

34、as not received as well as the first part, except in England where it was acclaimed highly.What in the passage is mentioned as being truly remarkableAMany of his observations are still visible and meaningful.BThe book was so detailed and thorough after only such a comparatively short visit.CThat the

35、 second volume should be so pessimistic in comparison with the first.DTocqueville possesses strong powers of observation. 6.The English language exists in a condition of everlasting danger, its American branch most particularly, assaulted as it is from all sides by those who would reduce it to puzzl

36、ing and obscure jargon, pop-psychological nonsense and vague beautified words, but it is not without its defenders. Ken Smith, author of Junk English, is the leading figure. He begins with a brief and clear declaration: Junk English is much more than loose and casual grammar. It is a signal of human

37、 weaknesses and cultural license: abandoning the language of the educated yet giving birth to its own serf-glorifying words and phrases, favoring appearance over substance, broadness over precision, and loudness above all. It is sometimes innocent, sometimes lazy, sometimes well intended, but most o

38、ften it is a trick we play on ourselves to make the unremarkable seem important. Its scope has been widened by politicians, business executives, and the PR and advertising industries in their employ, who use it to spread fog before facts they would rather keep hidden. The result isa world of humbug

39、in which the more we read and hear, the less we know. Smith is, of course, saying something not trueit is difficult to imagine that Junk English will be noticed, much less read, by those who most could profit from itbut it is an instructive and entertaining instructions and explanation all the same.

40、 He tries his hands at all the right placesjargon, clichs, euphemisms and exaggerationbut he doesnt swing blindly. Although jargon often sounds ugly to outsiders, it speeds communication within the community that uses it and that clichs, though popular objects of scorn, are useful when they most com

41、pactly express an idea; deliberate avoidance of an appropriate clich sometimes produces even worse writing. In other words, Smith may be passionate but hes also sensible. In a section about free-for-all verbs, for example, he acknowledges that There is no law against inventing ones own verbs before

42、citing a few funny instances of what happens when Things get a little out of hand, i.e. Were efforting to work this out or She tried to guilt him into returning the money. In the end, though, being sensible about language is in essence trying to insist that words mean what they properly mean and are

43、 used accordingly. Thus, for example, Smith insists that dialogue and discussion are not synonyms and should not be used interchangeably; that complimentary does not mean free; that experience does not mean feel; that facilitate does not mean ease; that generate does not mean produce; that lifestyle

44、 does not mean life. Smith obviously has spent a lot of time making notes about the ways in which we ruin and abuse our language, with results that are impressive in their thoroughness and depressing in their going to far. Occasionally he overlooks the obviousamong euphemisms he mentions customer ca

45、re representative but not courtesy call, and among the previously mentioned palsy-walsy language he inexplicably overlooks Your call is important to us but then, as he says at the outset, he intended to write a short book and as a result had to leave out many misdeeds. The ones he includes more than

46、 do the job.What is meant by he doesnt swing blindly (Line 4, Para. 3)AKen Smith provides sufficient examples for his criticism.BKen Smith hits junk English in the right point.CKen Smith acknowledges some positive side of Junk English.DKen Smith bravely defends jargon, clichs, euphemism and exaggera

47、tion. 7.England and France are separated by 22 miles of open ocean at their closest point. Attempts to swim the English Channel have been made by people of all ages and from various walks of life. Each swimmer is drawn to the famous channel for different reasons, but each has the same goalto conquer

48、 the Channel. The English Channel was first crossed in 1875 by Matthew Webb, an Englishman, who swam breaststroke from Dover, England, to Calais, France. Since then, over 3, 700 people have made approximately 4, 500 attempts on the Channel. Only 297 people (199 men and 98 women), however, have successfully duplicated Webbs remarkable achievement. Cold water, rough sea, strong currents, heavy winds and jellyfish are among the many reasons why the success is so slow. Attempts are usually made between late July and mid-October when the water temperature reaches a tolerable level (57-