2021年贵州考研英语考试真题卷.docx

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1、2021年贵州考研英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 2Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope lat

2、e in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscope have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X rays rather than light or el

3、ectrons, offers a different way of examining tiny de tails; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940’ s because the development of the electron micr

4、oscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940’ s, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived

5、, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions, of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only avail able sources of soft X rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably im

6、prove on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron micros

7、copy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten - bil

8、lionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to, image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible i

9、nvestigations that will complement those performed with light-and-electron-based instruments.Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first paragraph（）ATo begin a discussion, of sixteenth-century discoveries.BTo put the X-ray microscope in a historical perspective.CTo show how

10、 limited its uses are.DTo explain how it functioned.2.Text 2Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced

11、a previously unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscope have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of exa

12、mining tiny de tails; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940’ s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During

13、 the 1940’ s, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as

14、the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions, of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only avail able sources of soft X rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by op

15、tical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specime

16、ns to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten - billionth of a meter), is also sufficient

17、ly penetrating to, image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement tho

18、se performed with light-and-electron-based instruments.According to the passage, the invention of the visible - light microscope allowed scientists to （）Asee viruses directlyBdevelop the electron microscope later onCunderstand more about the distribution of the chemical elementsDdiscover single-cell

19、ed plants anal animals they had never seen before3.Text 2Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a p

20、reviously unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscope have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examin

21、ing tiny de tails; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940’ s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During th

22、e 1940’ s, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the

23、 development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions, of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only avail able sources of soft X rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optic

24、al microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens

25、to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten - billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently

26、penetrating to, image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those

27、performed with light-and-electron-based instruments.Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X-ray microscopes in the future（）AThey will probably replace electron microscopes altogether.BThey will eventually he much cheaper to produce than they are now.CThey will provide i

28、nformation not available from other kinds of microscopes.DThey will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.4.Text 2Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The inventio

29、n of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscope have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that ut

30、ilizes X rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny de tails; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940’ s because

31、 the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940’ s, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, inte

32、rest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions, of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only avail able sources of soft X rays.The

33、new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging

34、. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty an

35、gstroms (an angstrom is one ten - billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to, image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their sp

36、ecial properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and-electron-based instruments.What does the passage mainly discuss（）AThe detail seen through a microscope.BSources of illumination for microscopes.CA new kind of microscope.DOutdated microscopic techn

37、iques.5.Text 2Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single celled pl

38、ants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscope have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny de tails; it should extend human p

39、erception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940’ s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940’ s, electron microscopes routi

40、nely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumi

41、nation. As a result, the brightness available today is millions, of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only avail able sources of soft X rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to ma

42、p the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means

43、 that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten - billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to, image intact biological cel

44、ls in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and-electron-based ins

45、truments.Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope（）AFunds for research were insufficient.BThe source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.CMaterials used to manufacture X-ray tubes were difficult to obtain.DX-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.6.Text 3For

46、millions’ of years we have known a world whose resource seemed illimitable however fast, we cut down trees, nature unaided would replace them. However many fish we took from the sea, nature would restock it. However much sewage we dumped into the river, nature would purify it, just as she woul

47、d purify the air, however much smoke and fumes we put into it. Today we have reached the stage of realizing that rivers can be polluted past praying for, that seas can be overfished and the forests must be managed and fostered if they are not to vanish.But we still retain our primitive optimism abou

48、t air and water. There will always be enough rain falling from the skies to meet our needs. The air can absorb all the filth we care to put in it. Still less do we worry whether we could ever run short of oxygen. Surely there is air enough to breathe. Who ever asks where oxygen comes from, to begin

49、with They should-for we now consume about 10 percent of all the atmospheric oxygen every year, thanks to the many forms of combustion which destroy it; every car, aircraft and power station destroys oxygen in quantities far greater than men consume by breathing.The fact is we are just beginning to press up against the limits of the earth’ s capacity. We begin to have to watch what we are doing to things like water and oxygen, just as we have to watch whether we are overfishing or