科技英语教案范本.doc

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1、1科技英语教案科技英语教案授课教师授课班级授课地点 教 材科技英语综合教程. 刘爱军 王斌. 2011. 外语教学与研究出版社.授课内容Unit 1 Text A Game Theory学时 4 periods教学目的1. Analyzing game theory and its application in life 2. Mastering the key language points and grammatical structures in the text 3. Conducting a series of reading, listening, speaking and wri

2、ting activities related to the theme of the unit. 4. Mastering the translating skills of nominalization教学重点 与难点Teaching emphasis: Understanding game theory and its application in life Mastering the key language points and grammatical structures in the text Teaching difficulties: Mastering the transl

3、ating skills of nominalization教学方法 与手段Teaching method: heuristic teaching Teaching aids: Multi-media and blackboard教学参考书科技英语综合教程教师用书. 刘爱军 王斌. 2011. 外语教学与研究出版社.教教 学学 进进 程程ITeaching Plan (180 minutes) 1.Warm-up (10 minutes) 2.Detailed Study ( 145 minutes)3.Translating skills of nominalization (24 minu

4、tes) 4.Assignment (1 minute)IITeaching Steps 1. Warm-up: (10 minutes) 1). Have you ever watched the movie A Beautiful Mind? What is the story about? 2). What are the basic elements of games and what is the goal of the participants in the game? 3). In order to win in a game, what kind of approach or

5、strategy should be applied? 2. Detailed Study (145 minutes) Step1. Text Organization Part One: paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms. Part Two: paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types of

6、 strategic imterdependence; sequential move game and simultaneous-move game. Part Three: paras: 12-19 The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information. Part Four: para. 202The

7、research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future. Step 2. Detailed study of part one Terms: game theory, zero-sum game, Words and phrases: 1) outcome: The outcome of an activity

8、, process, or situation is the situation that exists at the end of it E.g: Mr. Singh said he was pleased with the outcome. 辛格先生说他对这一结果感到满意。 2) rear: v. bring up and educate children rear a family 养家 I was reared in east Texas.我在得克萨斯州东部长大。n. the rear the back part 后部、背后、后面 a kitchen in the rear of th

9、e house 3) takeover: n. 公司的接收或并购 The economy of Hong Kong goes well after its . 4) implement: 1. V. 履行;实施 N-COUNT 可数名词 工具;器具;用具 e.g We need money to implement the program. plans, policies, a program of reforms knives and other useful implements. 刀子和其他有用工具 5) jointly: in collaboration or cooperation

10、adv. 共同地，联合地，连带地 e.g The two boys owned the boat jointly. joint: n. 关节，连接处 adj. 共有的，共同的 6) fight back: When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. 抵抗，反击，强忍住e.g If he hit you, why didnt you fight back? 7)cut down: 削减; 减少使用 e.g If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut

11、down? 如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？ Content questions: 1. What kind of games did early game theory mathematicians emphasize? What is the current research focus? 2. Are game strategies different from decisions made in a neutral environment? Why or why not? Step 3. Detailed study of part two 1) When thinking abo

12、ut how others will respond, one must put oneself in their shoes, and think as they would; one should not impose ones own reasoning on them. 在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时，博弈者必须能设身处地地换位思考，而不能把自己的主观判在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时，博弈者必须能设身处地地换位思考，而不能把自己的主观判 断强加于人。断强加于人。 2) In contrast to the linear chain of reasoning for sequential g

13、ames, a game with simultaneous moves involves a logical circle. Paraphrase: A game with simultaneous move requires a logical circular thinking, which is totally different from the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games 与连续策略博弈的线性思维不同，联立策略的博弈涉及逻辑循环。与连续策略博弈的线性思维不同，联立策略的博弈涉及逻辑循环。 3) square: v.

14、与一致，符合 That explanation squares with the facts, doesnt it. 那个解释和事实相符，不是吗？ Square the circle: to attempt sth. impossible 做（似乎是）不可能的事情 4) When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each persons privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result.3当我们把博弈的结果

15、表述为一种均衡的时候，并不能假定博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不能假定博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将 带来共同的最优化结果。带来共同的最优化结果。 collectively: adv. 全体的，共同的 e.g. All members of the Cabinet are collectively responsible for decisions taken. 所有内阁成员对所作决定集体负责。 optimal: a. best or most favorable 最佳的 e.g. Aim to do some physical activity

16、three times a week for optimal health. 为了达到最佳的健康状况，要力争每周进行 3 次身体锻炼。 Content questions: 1). What is the essence of the game? 2). In a sequential-move game, what do the players do? While in a simultaneous game, what do the players do? 3). What is the general principle for players in the simultaneous g

17、ame? 4). Can you describe the concept of Nash equilibrium? How is it used in circular reasoning of games? Step 4. Detailed study of part three and part four1). confess: v. confesses to sth/doing sth 承认，供认坦白(自己做错的事) She finally confessed to having stolen the money.confess sth to sb(向神父)忏悔，告解 You just

18、 go to the church and confess your sins. 你干脆去教堂忏悔自己的罪过吧。 2). outweigh: v. be greater in weight, value or importance than sth e.g The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 利远大于弊 out- 为前缀,意为 exceeds, go beyond 3). Prisoners dilemma : in game theory, the prisoners dilemma is a type of non-zero gam

19、e in which two players can cooperate with or defect the other player. 4) Game theory quantifies this insight and details the right proportions of such mixtures. 博弈论为提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰当的火候提供了参考。博弈论为提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰当的火候提供了参考。 5). deter: v. sb. from doing sth. 使某人决定不做某事 e.g Failure did not deter him from mak

20、ing another attempt. 他并未因失败而畏缩不前。 6). credible: adj.可信的，可靠的 incredible: adj.不可思议的； 惊人的； 难以置信的；credibility: n.可靠性，可信性； 确实性 7). renege: v. fail to keep a promise, ones word 食言，背信 If someone reneged on a deal, they could never trade here again. 谁要是违背了约定，就永远不能再在这里进行交易。 8). commit to: 对作出承诺, 担负责任; 致力于；把固

21、定在 e.g. He has committed himself to the cause of education. 他已决心献身教育事业。9). monopoly: n. 专卖权，专利权 gain a In some countries, tobacco is a government专卖品 Content questions: 1). In tennis why is it crucial for players to mix their moves? 2). What is brinkmanship strategy in games of conflict? 3). What is

22、the process of bargaining for players? What agreement can be reached?3. The translating skillsnominalization (24 minutes)Nominalization(名词化结构) 1)单纯名词化结构：指由一个或多个名词修饰一个中心名词构成的名词化结构。4water purification system 该结构的中心名词是 system，purification 修饰 water，因此该结构相当于 a system for the purification of water 2)复合名词化

23、结构：指由一个中心名词和形容词、名词、副词、分词及介词短语等多个前置或后置修饰 语构成。 acute bacterial peritonitis 急性细菌性腹膜炎 将名词化结构译为动词 All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. 这里的名词 passage 在翻译时要译为动词“通过” 。 全句译为：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。 将名词化结构译为动宾关系 As a small-scale illus

24、tration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes, take the frost prevention in an orchard. 划线部分的名词化结构译为“对天气的物理过程进行人工影响” 全句译为：我们可举果园中防霜作为说明对天气的物理过程进行小尺度人工影响的例子。 4. Assignment (1 minute)Do the exercises of multiple choice, blank filling, cloze.5大学英语读写四教案大学英语读写四教案授课教师授课班级授课地点教 材科技英语

25、综合教程. 刘爱军. 2011. 外语教学与研究出版社.授课内容Unit 2 Medicine Text A Making a Little Progress学时4教学目的1. Learn about some progress in Medicine. 2. Understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it. 3. Grasp some keys words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns.教学重点 与难点Teaching emphasis: 1.

26、 科技英语阅读方法（二）科技英语翻译技巧（二）; 2. key words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns; Teaching difficulties: some progress in Medicine教学方法 与手段Teaching method: lecture with pair work and group discussion Teaching aids: Multi-media and blackboard教学参考书和 网络资源1. 范武邱.实用科技英语翻译讲评. 外文出版 社.2001 年. 2. 冯志杰.汉英科技翻译指要

27、.中国对外翻译出 版公司.2000 年. 3. 华先发.新适用英译汉教程.湖北教育出版社. 2001 年. On-line resources: English on line 教教 学学 进进 程程ITeaching Plan (180 minutes) 1Lead in (5 minutes) 2Specialized terms (30 minutes) 3Text organization (10 minutes) 4Text comprehension ( 35 minutes) 5Detailed studies (30 minutes) 6Reading Techiniques

28、for EST (25 minutes) 7Translation Techiniques for EST (25 minutes) 8Assignment and Exercise ( 20 minute)IITeaching Steps 1Lead in (5 minutes)Ask them to give some examples of the nanomaterials in our daily lives and show the students some slides of pictures.Tips: The feet of the shore flies are tiny

29、 flies that can be found near seashores or at smaller inland waters, such as ponds. The polar bear is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean. Polar bear fur consists of a layer of dense underfur and an outer layer of guard hairs. The toes of the gecko have a spe

30、cial adaptation that allows them to adhere to most surfaces without the use of liquids or surface tension. 62Specialized terms (30 minutes) Ask students to discuss, finding out the connotations of these terms. “次方，立方次方，立方”1 10 的-5 次方：ten to the negative five 2 10 的 5 次方：ten to the five 3 正：positive

31、4 负：negetive 5 平方：square 6 平方根：square root 7 立方：cube8 10 的-1 次方：ten to the negative one 或 one over a (表示 a 分之 1 或 1 除以 a)“Metric system”Metric system is a decimal dsml system of weights and measures based on the meter and the kilogram. Litre is a unit of capacity in the metric system. 升是公制测量中的一个单位。T

32、he kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最大的长度单位。“Types of nanomaterials”The first type is nanoparticle. The second is the nanotube. This passage talks about the appliance of Nano particles to the cancer detection and treatment. 纳米材料可简单定义为尺寸小于 100nm 的一种或多种的晶 粒或颗粒所组成的材料，

33、依其型态可区分为等轴(粉体)、层状(薄膜)及丝纤状(纤维或管)等(图 1)。 纳 米粉末： 又称为超微粉或超细粉，一般指粒度在 100 纳米以下的粉末或颗粒，是一种介于原子、分子 与宏观物体之间处于中间物态的固体颗粒材料。纳米纤维： 指直径为纳米尺度而长度较大的线状材料。 本文：人体修复材料；抗癌制剂等。“Basic properties of nanometer materials”Basic properties of nanometer materials: surface effect, small size effect, quantum effect and macro quant

34、um tunnel effect. 纳米生物材料基本效应：小尺寸效应（体积效应）表面效应(重点)、量子尺寸效 应、宏观量子隧道效应 1 小尺寸效应 When the size of the particle has been in the nanoscale, the physical properties would change a lot. For example, the melting point of gold decreased to the 327 degrees celcius when reduced to 2nm. And the melting point of sil

35、ver decreased to the 100 degrees celcius when reduced to 5nm. 当颗粒尺寸处于纳米尺度时，由 于粒子包含的原子数很少，使得材料的声、光、电、磁、热等物理性质发生变化，这样的效应称为小 尺寸效应，也叫体积效应。由于金属纳米粒子对光的反射率极低，导致所有的金属在纳米颗粒状态下 均呈黑色；相比于块体状态下，纳米金属颗粒的熔点要低得多，比如金的常规熔点为 1064，而当颗 粒尺寸减小到 2nm 时熔点仅为 327，金属银的粒子尺度下降到 5nm 时熔点仅为 100。 2 表面效应：纳米粒子的表面原子数与总原子数之比随粒径减小而急剧增大所引起的

36、性质变化称为表面效应。 如图所示随着粒子粒径的减小，表面原子数急剧增大。当纳米粒子的粒径为 10nm 时，表面原子数占总 原子数的 20%；当粒径减小到 1nm 时，99%的原子都集中到了粒子的表面。73 宏观量子隧道效应宏观量子隧道效应是指纳米粒子的一些宏观量（如磁化强度）具有贯穿势垒的能力。这一效应限 定了磁盘、磁带等存储介质的存储时间极限，因为它不但是未来微电子器件的发展基础，也是其进一 步微型化的极限。例如，在制造半导体集成电路时，当电路的尺寸接近电子波长时，电子将通过隧道 效应而穿透绝缘层，使器件无法正常工作。因此，宏观量子隧道效应已成为微电子学、光电子学中的 重要理论。“Targe

37、ting Drug Delivery System” 靶向给药系统或称靶向制剂，诞生于 20 世纪 70 年代，是指这种制剂能将药品运送到靶器药物通 过局部或全身血液循环而浓集定位于靶组织、靶器官、靶细胞的给药系统官或靶细胞，而正常部位几 乎不受药物的影响。1 Targeted drug delivery, sometimes called smart drug delivery,1 is a method of delivering medication to a patient in a manner that increases the concentration of the medi

38、cation in some parts of the body relative to others. 2 The goal of a targeted drug delivery system is to prolong, localize, target and have a protected drug interaction with the diseased tissue. 3 The conventional drug delivery system is the absorption of the drug across a biological membrane, where

39、as the targeted release system is when the drug is released in a dosage form.4 The advantages to the targeted release system is the reduction in the frequency of the dosages taken by the patient, having a more uniform effect of the drug, reduction of drug side effects, and reduced fluctuation in cir

40、culating drug levels. The disadvantage of the system is high cost which makes productivity more difficult and the reduced ability to adjust the dosages.5 There are two kinds of targeted drug delivery, active targeted drug delivery, such as some antibody medications; and passive targeted drug deliver

41、y, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR- effect).6 Delivery vehiclesThere are different types of drug delivery vehicles, such as, polymeric micelles, liposomes, lipoprotein- based drug carriers, nano-particle drug carriers, dendrimers etc. An ideal drug delivery vehicle must b

42、e non- toxic, biocompatible, non-immunogenic, biodegradable and avoid recognition by the hosts defense mechanisms.Liposomes are composite structures made of phospholipids and may contain small amounts of other molecules. Though liposomes can vary in size from low micrometer range to tens of micromet

43、ers, unilamellar liposomes, as pictured here, are typically in the lower size range with various targeting ligands attached to their surface allowing for their surface-attachment and accumulation in pathological areas for treatment of disease. The most common vehicle currently used for targeted drug

44、 delivery is the liposome. Liposomes are non-toxic, 8non-hemolytic and non-immunogenic even upon repeated injections; they are biocompatible and biodegradable and can be designed to avoid clearance mechanisms (reticuloendothelial system (RES), renal clearance, chemical or enzymatic inactivation, etc

45、.) Dendrimers are also polymer-based delivery vehicles. They have a core that branches out in regular intervals to form a small, spherical and very dense nanocarrier.7 Artificial DNA nanostructures The success of DNA nanotechnology in constructing artificially designed nanostructures out of nucleic

46、acids such as DNA, combined with the demonstration of systems for DNA computing, has led to speculation that artificial nucleic acid nanodevices can be used to target drug delivery based upon directly sensing its environment. These methods make use of DNA solely as a structural material and a chemic

47、al, and do not make use of its biological role as the carrier of genetic information. Nucleic acid logic circuits have been demonstrated that could potentially be used as the core of a system which releases a drug only in response to a stimulus such as a specific mRNA.13 Additionally, a DNA “box“ wi

48、th a controllable lid has been synthesized using the DNA origami method. This structure could encapsulate a drug in its closed state, and open to release it only in response to a desired stimulus.8 Applications Targeted drug delivery can be used to treat many diseases, such as the cardiovascular dis

49、eases and diabetes. However, the most important application of targeted drug delivery is to treat cancerous tumors.3. Text organization (10 minutes) Ask students to discuss, finding out the organization of the text.Part One: para.1 The government decided to take an initiative to fight against cancer by