2022年科技英语教案.docx

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1、2022年科技英语教案科技英语 I.Teaching Plan 1. Warm-up 2. Detailed Study 3. Translating skills of nominalization 4. Assignment II.Teaching Steps 1. Warm-up: 1). Have you ever watched the movie A Beautiful Mind? What is the story about? 2). What are the basic elements of games and what is the goal of the partici

2、pants in the game? 3). In order to win in a game, what kind of approach or strategy should be applied? 2. Detailed Study Step1. Text Organization Part One: paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts and conflicts in cooperative forms. Part Two:

3、 paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types of strategic imterdependence; sequential move game and simultaneous-move game. Part Three: paras: 12-19 The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and rev

4、ealing information. Part Four: para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future. Step 2. Detailed study of part one Terms: game theory, zero-sum game, Words and phr

5、ases: 1) outcome: The outcome of an activity, process, or situation is the situation that exists at the end of it E.g: Mr. Singh said he was pleased with the outcome. 辛格先生说他对这一结果感到满足。 2) rear: v. bring up and educate children rear a family 养家 I was reared in east Texas.我在得克萨斯州东部长大。 n. the back part

6、后部、背后、后面 a kitchen in the rear of the house 3) takeover: n. 公司的接收或并购 The economy of Hong Kong goes well after its . 4) implement: 1. V. 履行;实施 N-COUNT 可数名词 工具;器具;用具 e.g We need money to implement the program. plans, policies, a program of reforms knives and other useful implements. 刀子和其他有用工具 5) joint

7、ly: in collaboration or cooperation adv. 共同地，联合地，连带地 e.g The two boys owned the boat jointly. joint: n. 关节，连接处 adj. 共有的，共同的 6) fight back: When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. 反抗，反击，强忍住 e.g If he hit you, why didnt you fight back? 7)cut down: 削减; 削减运用 e.g If you spend more

8、than your income, can you try to cut down? 假如你入不敷出，可以试着削减开支吗? Content questions: 1. What kind of games did early game theory mathematicians emphasize? What is the current research focus? 2. Are game strategies different from decisions made in a neutral environment? Why or why not? Step 3. Detailed s

9、tudy of part two 1) When thinking about how others will respond, one must put oneself in their shoes, and think as they would; one should not impose ones own reasoning on them. 在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时，博弈者必需能设身处地地换位思索，而不能把自己的主观推断强加于人。 2) In contrast to the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games, a gam

10、e with simultaneous moves involves a logical circle. Paraphrase: A game with simultaneous move requires a logical circular thinking, which is totally different from the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games 与连续策略博弈的线性思维不同，联立策略的博弈涉及逻辑循环。 3) square: v. 与一样，符合 That explanation squares with the

11、 facts, doesnt it. 那个说明和事实相符，不是吗? Square the circle: to attempt sth. impossible 做不行能的事情 4) When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each persons privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result. 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不能假定博弈的每个参加者的个人最佳策略将带来共同的最优化结果。 c

12、ollectively: adv. 全体的，共同的 e.g. All members of the Cabinet are collectively responsible for decisions taken. 全部内阁成员对所作确定集体负责。 optimal: a. best or most favorable 最佳的 e.g. Aim to do some physical activity three times a week for optimal health. 为了达到最佳的健康状况，要力争每周进行3次身体熬炼。 Content questions: 1). What is t

13、he essence of the game? 2). In a sequential-move game, what do the players do? While in a simultaneous game, what do the players do? 3). What is the general principle for players in the simultaneous game? 4). Can you describe the concept of Nash equilibrium? How is it used in circular reasoning of g

14、ames? Step 4. Detailed study of part three and part four 1). confess: v. confesses to sth/doing sth 承认，供认坦白 She finally confessed to having stolen the money. confess sth to sb忏悔，告解 You just go to the church and confess your sins. 你干脆去教堂忏悔自己的罪过吧。 2). outweigh: v. be greater in weight, value or import

15、ance than sth e.g The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 利远大于弊 out- 为前缀,意为exceeds, go beyond 3). Prisoners dilemma : in game theory, the prisoners dilemma is a type of non-zero game in which two players can cooperate with or defect the other player. 4) Game theory quantifies this insight and

16、 details the right proportions of such mixtures. 博弈论为提高洞察力和驾驭混合性策略恰当的火候供应了参考。 5). deter: v. sb. from doing sth. 使某人确定不做某事 e.g Failure did not deter him from making another attempt. 他并未因失败而畏缩不前。 6). credible: adj.可信的，牢靠的 incredible: adj.不行思议的; 惊人的; 难以置信的;credibility: n.牢靠性，可信性; 的确性 7). renege: v. fai

17、l to keep a promise, ones word 食言，背信 If someone reneged on a deal, they could never trade here again. 谁要是违反了约定，就恒久不能再在这里进行交易。 8). commit to: 对作出承诺, 担负责任; 致力于;把固定在 e.g. He has committed himself to the cause of education. 他已决心献身事业。 9). monopoly: n. 专卖权，专利权 gain a In some countries, tobacco is a govern

18、ment专卖品 Content questions: 1). In tennis why is it crucial for players to mix their moves? 2). What is brinkmanship strategy in games of conflict? 3). What is the process of bargaining for players? What agreement can be reached? 3. The translating skillsnominalization Nominalization 1)单纯名词化结构：指由一个或多

19、个名词修饰一个中心名词构成的名词化结构。 water purification system 该结构的中心名词是system，purification 修饰water，因此该结构相当于a system for the purification of water 2)复合名词化结构：指由一个中心名词和形容词、名词、副词、分词及介词短语等多个前置或后置修饰语构成。 acute bacterial peritonitis 急性细菌性腹膜炎 将名词化结构译为动词 All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provi

20、ded the potential difference is high enough. 这里的名词passage在翻译时要译为动词通过。 全句译为：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。 将名词化结构译为动宾关系 As a small-scale illustration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes, take the frost prevention in an orchard. 划线部分的名词化结构译为对天气的物理过程进行人工影响 全句译为：我们可举果园中防霜作为说明对天气的物理过程进行小尺度人工影响的例子。 4. Assignment Do the exercises of multiple choice, blank filling, cloze. 第10页 共10页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页