情态动词讲义.doc

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1、第五章第五章 情态动词情态动词 学习目标学习目标(Learning Objectives ) By the end of the lesson, we will be able to: acquire the special usage of some modal verbs in the context;apply some grammar rules of modal verbs to solving the problems in practice . 热身热身(Warming-up exercises)1. He _have the book when I finish it. 2.

2、They_ finish it by now. 3. Stainless steel _not rust .4. When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might 重点重点(Key points) 1. Can, could can 和 could 还可用于表示对事情可能性的推测(常用于否定, 疑句中)据说我们下周要进行期中考试, 这消息是真的吗？Its said that we will have

3、the mid-term exam next week. _?他不可能去了国外，因为我刚刚在他的办公室遇见他。_ because I met him in his office just now. 现在: could/cant be过去: cant/couldnt have done 在肯定句中, can 还可表示“有时会,往往”吸烟往往会导致癌症。_. (中译英)It can be very cold here in winter._. (英译中)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait becau

4、se it_ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can 与 can 的一些常用搭配cant but do sth. 不得不 /只好做某事I cant but admire the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.cant help doing 忍不住做某事We couldnt help laughing when we heard the funny story. cant 与 enough 连用表示“再也不为过 One cannot practice

5、enough when learning a foreign language.注：此种用法还可用 cannot (或 never 等否定词）too”表达I cant thank you too much.= I cant thank you much enough.2. Shall shall 常用于第一,三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见,用于二、三人称陈述句中表示意图、命令、警 告、允诺、强制等,在法律法规等文件中表示义务或规定,可译为“必须,应该,可以”等。 Shall he clean the blackboard for you? Take it easy. You_ be offe

6、red a job in this company. Mike_ spare no effort to study. (1) “The interest_ be divided into five parts according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall (2) -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You_ have my computer if you

7、 dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt (3) The boss said to the secretary, “ If you work well, you_ have a rise.”A. must B. ought C. shall D. would 3. Must“must”与“have to” 都表示“必须,不得不”must: 指说话人认为“主观”上有必要have to: 指根据约定, 事情的因素有必要做某事-“客观”e.g. The train leaves at 7 oclock. I _

8、 (must / have to) go now.I dont like my watch. I _ (must / have to) buy a new one. 表推测时指“一定，肯定”的反义疑问句：You must be hungry now, _? You must have heard about it, _? You must have watched that football match last night, _?你现在一定困了, 不是吗? You must be sleepy now, _?He must have watched film last night, _?He

9、 must have watched film, _?A. hasnt he B. mustnt heC. didnt he D. hadnt hemust 有时表示“偏要”，含“责备，抱怨”之意 我已经跟你讲过很多遍了, 为什么你偏要在课堂上讲话呢?I have told you many times._?现在已是午夜了, 你偏要这个时候弹钢琴吗?It is midnight. _?4. Should 表示感到意外、惊讶等意思，意为“竟会”Why should you be so late today?-Where are my new sneakers?- How_ I know? Im

10、your sister, not your servant. A. shall B. will C should D. mightYou cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would (2)在虚拟语气中的运用在与将来事实相反的假设中的运用If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.= Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbin

11、g.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的名词性从句后的运用，如 demand, order, insist, suggest 等。 名词性从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should +动词原形”，should 可以省略。He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.用于 It is desired/necessary/important/strange/ essential +that 从句，从句的谓语动词用“should+动 词原形”， should 可以省略。It is strange that he (should) have

12、 treated his parents like that. 用于 It is (high) time (that )句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，或用 “should+动词 原形（其中 should 不能省略） 。意为“（现在）该”, 用来表示提议。 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.= It is time that I should go to pick up my daughter at school.5. Would (1)表示过去常常做某事My grandfather would walk h

13、is dog after supper when he was in good condition. (2)与 rather 连用，表示宁愿做某事I would rather stay at home than wander outside.注：注：在 would rather 后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用动词的过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况， 用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。Most insurance agents would rather you_ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A.

14、do B. dont do C. would do D. didnt do 6. Will 用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。The window wont open .窗子打不开。 有时表示“难免”。Accidents will happen.事故难免会发生。7. May “May well +动词原形”意为“很可能” .Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. “may /might as well+动词原形”意为 “最好，满可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it a

15、t once.may 可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿.May we never forget each other.8.Need 和和 dare 两者既可作情态动词也可作为行为动词。Students neednt go to school at weekends. = Students dont need to go to school at weekends.He didnt dare to look at her in the face. = He dared not look at her in the face.Need 作为行为动词时，还可表示“需要”，后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形

16、式表示被动 含义.The floor needs sweeping / to be swept. 作为行为动词的 dare 用于疑问句或否定句时，后接不定式，to 可省略.Did he dare (to) tell her? 他敢告诉她吗? We dont dare (to) say anything. 我们什么也不敢说. 【注】I dare say 是习惯说法，常译为“很可能”、 “大概”、 “我想”等.I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是对的.Exercises: 1-What sort of house do you want to have? So

17、mething big? -Well, it _be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont 2. 改错 Mr. Li mustnt have gone to Shanghai because I saw him a few minutes ago.3. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. sha

18、ll 4 .You cant imagine that a well behaved gentleman _be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 5. The door_ open, no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 6. Hearing the steps of the police, the thief _ move at all.A. dares not B. dared not to C. di

19、dnt dare to D. not dare 7. Mike, look at the time. _you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 8. She is already two hours late. What_ to her? A. may have happened B. can have happened C. should have happened D. must happen 9. I didnt hear the phone. I_ asleep. A. must be

20、B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 10. My suggestion is that Tom_ abroad and he stay here until the project completes. A. send B. should not send C. be sent D. not be sent 11. -Mom! Jack has broken a cup!-Doesnt matter. Accidents _ happen.A. should B. must C. will D. shall 12. I stil

21、l remember my happy childhood when my mother_ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should 13. Tom, finish your homework first, or you _watch TV! A. shant B. couldnt C. neednt D. may not 14. -She looks very happy. She _(must / might) have passed the exam. -I guess so. Its n

22、ot difficult after all. 15. -Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 16. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 17. If it were n

23、ot for the fact that she_ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not 18. It is recommended that passengers_ keep their cell phones on when the plane is landing. A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 19. - Did you go to Taylor Swifts concert last night?-I would rather I_. But I was preparing a report for my boss. A. did B. had C. would D. might 20. The sleeping baby would be scared_ a sudden loud noise. A. was there B. there was C. should there be D. there should be