情态动词用法讲义（详细）.pdf

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1、情态动词比较need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用千疑间句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时，后面的to时常可以被省略。l)实义动词：need（需要，要求）need+n./to do sth 2)悄态动词：need只用原形need后加do,否定形式为neednot。Need you go yet?Yes,I must./No,I neednt.3)need的被动含义need,want,require,wo,th（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动need doing=need to be d

2、one 带to的情态动词带to的情态动词有四个：oughtto,have to,used to,be to,如加上havegot to,(=must),be able to为六个。它们的疑间，否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fom1een.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at o

3、nce.?ought to本身作为清态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑间，否定时，须有do等助动词协助。典型例题Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no h扣m.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told 答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词oughtto 后，所以用have。情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes,I must.No,I neednt Must you?/dont have to.典型例

4、题1)-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,of course,you_.A.皿ghtB.will C.can D.should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中ofcourse,表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。复习：wi与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you连用，用来提出劝告。2)-Shall I tell John about it?-No,you_.Ive told him already.A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.shoul

5、dnt 答案A。neednt不必，不用。wouldnt将不，不会的。mustnt禁止、不能。shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。3)-Dont forget to come to my bi1thday party tomonow.A.I dont B.I wont C.I cant D.I havent 答案B.will既可当作清态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心”，本题表示决心，选B。will和would注意：1)would like;Would like to do=want to想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to

6、go with me?2)Will you?Would you like？表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。Would you like some cake?3)否定结构中用wIll，一般不用would,wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?would rather表示“宁愿”would rather do would rather not do would rather than 宁愿.而不愿。还有wouldsooner,had rather,had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可的意思。lf I have a choice,l

7、 had sooner not continue my studies at this school.r would rather stay here than go home.=r would stay here rather than go home.典型例题-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-V.11ich _ do?A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，wouldrather+do sth意为宁愿

8、，本题为疑问句，would提前，所以选B。had better表示最好had better相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好”。You had better have come earlier.should和oughtto should和ought to都为“

9、应该的意思，可用于各种人称。-Ought he to go?-Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由should（应该）、hadbetter最好）、must（必须）渐强。情态动词have过去分词1)may(might)have+done sth,can(could)have+done sth 表示过去，推剃过去时间里可能发生的事情。Ph山pmay(might)have been hmt seriously in the car accident.P皿pcan(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

10、2)must have+done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定,谅必的意思。-Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth,should have done sth 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this expe1iment.He ought not to have throw

11、n the old clothes away.（事实上巳扔了。）ought to在语气上比should要强。4)neednt have done s小本没必要做某事I dressed very w釭inlyfor the t1ip,but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done s出本打筛做某事I would I火eto have read the article,but I was very busy then.表示推浏的用法can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推侧，其用法如下

12、：l)情态动词动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment,our teacher must be coJTectmg our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3)情态动词动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能巳完成这项工作了。Th

13、e road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4)悄态动词动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been loo伈ngfor you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5)推侧的否定形式，疑间形式用cant,couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car,for he came to work by bus this mornmg.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could,might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的

14、程度不如can,may。must表示推测1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定”。2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked h釭dall day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在悄况的推测判断）He must be wor灼ngin his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there.He must stay there.他现在肯定呆在那里。他必须呆在那。3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，mu

15、st要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡若了。4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must后面要接不定式的完成进行式。-Why didnt you answer my phone caJI?-Well,I must have been sleeping,so I didnt he缸it.5)否定推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock,he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。比较hav

16、eto和mustl)两词都是必须的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既王观上的必要。My brother was very ill,so I had to calJ the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（王观上要做这件事）2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用千间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after

17、 his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中：donthave to 表示“不必mustnt 表示“禁止”,You dont have to tell him about it 你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。比较may和mightl)表示允许或诸求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。2)成语may/mightas well后面接不带to的不定式，意为不妨

18、oIf that is the case,we may as well try.典型例题Petercome with us tonight,but he isnt ve1 y sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。比较can和beable to 1)C如could表示能力；可能（过去时用could),只用千现在式和过去式(could)。beable to可以用千各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2)只用beable to a

19、.位于助动词后。b情态动词后。C.表示过去某时刻动作时。d用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereable to 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the w缸brokeout.注憩：could不表示时态l)提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could)。-Could I have the television on?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.2)在否定，疑问句中表示推侧或怀疑。He c

20、ouldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。情态动词的语法特征l)悄态动词不能表示正在发生或巳经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某享的发生。2)情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加s。心情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。情态动词的6种使用方法和规则辨析，学得好，考得好阿禄老师发布时间:2019-11-14 19:53名师教亩领域创作者I 失注I 情态动词的语法特征：1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词除have外，后面只能接不带to的

21、不定式。3)清态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加s（但是have除外）。4)情态动词没有非谓语形式即没有不定式、分词等形式。一情态动词haveto和must1)两词都是“必须的意思haveto表示客观的需要must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2)

22、have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中：donthave to表示“不必,mustnt表示“禁止”。You dont have to tell him about it你不必把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4)must还可以用千表示猜测暗含很大的可能性，只用千肯定句否定句中用cantYou must be hungry.你一定饿了He cant be at ho

23、me.他不可能在家二情态动词can与could的区别1)can与could都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合。e.g.Can you tell us your story,Tony?(Tony，你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？）could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉常用千非熟人之间或晚翌对长辈，下级对上级的场合e.g.Could you tell us if it snows in winter in?Sure.请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？当然可以。含有could表示语气委

24、婉的句子在回答中不可用could。-Could I have the television on?（我可以打开电视吗？）-Yes,you can./No,you cant.2)在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He cant be a bad man他不可能是坏人。三情态动词may与might1)may与might的形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式顼近时过去时may might 注：maynt比较少见。2)may与might的用法霆示推测，暗含不确定may not might not He may/might arrive tomorrow.他可能明天到表示允许，多用千肯定句和疑问句You may u

25、se my pen.Might I come in?用法点津：mayn t mightn t 心may和might表示许可比can和could更正式might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思表示许可时，用may不用might,may not用来表示拒绝和禁止may和might常用来表示将要发生和正在发生的事的可能性might不是may的过去式它所表示的可能性比may更小may不用于千提间是否可能的疑问句在主句是过去式的宾语从句中总是用might而不是may.用法比较：maynot can not cant may not指“可能不，而cannot指“不可能”It may not be true这可能不

26、是真是真的It can not be true这不可能是真的四shall和should1)shall的用法shall作为清态动词的各种形式与作助动词的形式相同(D表示征询意见，用千第一和第三人称的疑问句Shall I take you to the hospital?Shall we go to the zoo?表示许诺，警告等，用千第二第三人称You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.明天你就会得到我的答复了You shall be punshied for what youve done你应当为你所做的受到惩罚用法点津：Shall I.？用来询问对方

27、的意见其肯定答语为：Yyes.please.I Yes,thank you其否定答语为：No,pleasedont.I Sorry,如：-Shall I leave the door open?我可以开着门吗？-Yes,please./Sorry,I feel a little cold.好的对不起，我戚觉有点冷Shall we.？是向对方提出建议其肯定回答Allright./Yes.lets其否定回答为：Sorry.Im afried we cant.I No.lets not.-Shall we start off now?我们现在可以开始了吗？Yes lets.I Sorry.Lucy

28、hasnt turned up yet.好的I对不起，露西还没来呢1)should的用法should是shall的过去式用作情态动词时他们是两个不同的词心表义务和职责We should save water我们应该节约用水We should protect environment.我们应当保护环境表建议You should go to see a doctor你应当去看医生You shouldnt always stay at home and keep playing computer games.你不应该总是呆在家里玩电脑游戏表征求意见What do you think I should

29、do with the problem?你认为我应该如何处理这个问题？Should I help you with the cleaning?我可以帮你打扫卫生吗？五will和would1)will作为情态动词，可用千各人称，表示意愿或决心意思是想要，打算would表示过去的意愿和打算I will do it as soon as possible.He said he would try his best to help his friend Will作为清态动词在疑问句中用千第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求邀请等，would表示更有礼貌，语气更为委婉的请求Will you go

30、 with us?Would you mind my opening the door?六情态动词needNeed既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词作情态动词时，不可以用千肯定句中，其对比如下表所示：动词形式各种形式情态动词实义动词肯定句You need to be careful.否定句You needn t to be You don t need to 肯定疑间式否定疑间式so worried.be so worried.Need I say my Do I need to say telephone number my telephone again?nunber again?Neednthe come Doesnthe need again?Need he not come again?to come again?Does he not need to come again?