《力学》教学大纲.doc

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1、Syllabus of Bilingual Mechanics 力学力学 双双语语教学大教学大纲纲一、教程名称与一、教程名称与编编号号课程名称：力学（mechanics） 编号：023301二、学二、学时时与学分与学分本课程学时： 68 学时 本课程学分 ： 4 学分三、授三、授课对课对象：象： 物理学专业本科生四、先修四、先修课课程：程：高等数学五、五、课课程性程性质质目的目的力学是物理专业学生第一门重要的基础必修课，它研究物体机械运动的规律。按研究 对象不同可分为质点力学、刚体力学、弹性力学、流体力学。按讨论内容不同，又可分为单纯 描述运动的运动学和讨论运动和受力（力矩）关系的动力学。通过

2、本课程的学习，使学生不但 能比较系统的掌握牛顿力学的基本知识，能比较灵活地应用力学的基本概念、定理和定律分 析解答具体问题，而且使学生学到力学中的研究方法，训练学生严格的科学思维及分析问题 解决问题的能力，为学生学习后继课程打下良好的基础。六、六、 主要内容、基本要求及学主要内容、基本要求及学时时分配分配 Chapter 1 Motion Along a Straight LineKey Points: 1. Position and Displacement 2. Instantaneous velocity and speed 3. Instantaneous acceleration 4

3、. Motion with constant acceleration 5. Free-fall accelerationBasic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of position, displacement, instantaneous velocity and instantaneous acceleration;2. Learn to apply the equations for the motion with constant acceleration to analyze problems Teaching periods: 3

4、Chapter 2 Moving in Two or Three DimensionsKey Points: 1. Moving in two or three dimensions; 2. Projectile motion analyzed; 3. Uniform circular motion; 4. Relative motion in two dimension and in three dimensionsBasic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of position, displacement, instantaneous vel

5、ocity and instantaneous acceleration in two or three dimensions;2. Learn to apply the equations for the motion with constant acceleration to analyze projectile motion; 3. Know about analyzing the uniform circular motion; 4. Understand the concept of relative motion Teaching periods: 3Chapter 3 Force

6、 and Motion-I Key Points: 1. Newtons first law , Newtons second law and Newtons third law; 2. Some particular forces; 3. Applying Newtons laws, the free-body diagram; 4. Inertial reference frame and noninertial reference frame, Inertial forces.Basic Requirements：1. Master the Newtons first law, seco

7、nd law and Newtons third law; 2. Know about some particular forces: the gravitational force, the normal force and the frictional force; 3. Learn to apply the Newtons laws of motion in question solving with the help of the free-body diagram;4. Understand the concept of Inertial reference frame and no

8、ninertial reference frame; 5. Understand the Inertial forces. Teaching periods: 4Chapter 4 Force and Motion-II Key Points: 1. the properties of the frictional force; 2. The drag force and terminal speed; 3. The centripetal acceleration and the centripetal force in uniform circular motion. Basic Requ

9、irements： 1. Master the properties of the frictional force; 2. Understand the drag force and terminal speed; 3. Understand the concept of the centripetal acceleration and the centripetal force in uniform circular motion. Teaching periods: 2Chapter 5 Kinetic Energy and workKey Points: 1. Concept of w

10、ork and kinetic energy; 2. Work-kinetic energy theorem; 3. Work done by a gravitational force；work done by a spring force; 4. Work done by a general variable force; 5. Power. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of work and kinetic energy; 2. Master the work-kinetic energy theorem; 3. Maste

11、r the work done by a gravitational force and by a spring force； 4. Master the work done by a general variable force; 5. Understand the concept of power. Teaching periods: 3 Mechanics coaching 1 ( 2 periods )Chapter 6 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy Key Points: 1. Concept of potential ene

12、rgy; 2. Path independence of conservative forces; 3. Conservation of mechanical energy; 4. Work done on a system by an external force; 5. Conservation of energy. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of potential energy; 2. Understand the path Independence of conservative forces; 3. Master t

13、he law of conservation of mechanical energy; 4. Master the work done on a system by an external force; 5. Master the law of conservation of energy. Teaching periods: 3Chapter 7 Systems of Particles Key Points: 1. Concept of the center of mass;2. Newtons second law for a system of particles; 3. Linea

14、r momentum; 4. Conservation of linear momentum; 5. Systems with varying mass: A rocket 6. External forces and internal energy changes. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of the center of mass; 2. Master Newtons second law for a system of particles; 3. Master the law of conservation of lin

15、ear momentum; 4. Understand the motion of a systems with varying mass; 5. Understand the external forces and internal energy changesTeaching periods: 4Chapter 8 Collisions Key Points: 1. Concept of collision;2. Impulse and linear momentum; 3. Momentum and kinetic energy in collisions; 4. Inelastic c

16、ollisions and elastic collisions in one dimension; 5. Collisions in two dimensions. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of impulse during collisions; 2. Master the impulse-linear momentum theorem; 3. Understand inelastic collisions and elastic collisions; 4. Master inelastic collisions and

17、 elastic collisions in one dimension; 5. Master collisions in two dimensions. Teaching periods: 3 Mechanics coaching 2 ( 2 periods )Chapter 9 Rotation Key Points: 1. Concept of translation and rotation;2. The rotational variables; 3. Rotation with constant angular acceleration; 4. Relating the linea

18、r and angular variables; 5. Kinetic energy of rotation; 6. Calculating the rotational inertia; 7. Torque; 8. Newtons second law for rotation; 9. Work and rotational kinetic energy. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of translation and rotation; 2. Master the kinematic equations for consta

19、nt angular acceleration; 3. Master the relationship between the linear and angular variables; 4. Master kinetic energy of rotation; 5. Master the calculation of the rotational inertia; 6. Master the parallel-axis theorem; 7. Learn to apply Newtons second law for rotation;8. Master the work-kinetic e

20、nergy theorem for rotation. Teaching periods: 4Chapter 10 Rolling, Torque. and Angular Momentum Key Points: 1. Concept of rolling;2. The kinetic energy of rolling;3. The forces of rolling; 4. Angular momentum; 5. Newtons second law in angular form; 6. The angular momentum of a system of particles; 7

21、. The angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis; 8. Conservation of angular momentum. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of rolling; 2. Master the kinetic energy of rolling; 3. Master the forces of rolling; 4. Master angular momentum; 5. Learn to apply Newtons second la

22、w in angular form; 6. Understand the angular momentum of a system of particles; 6. Understand the angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis; 7. Master the conservation law of angular momentum. Teaching periods: 5Chapter 11 Equilibrium and Elasticity Key Points: 1. Concept of equil

23、ibrium; 2. The requirements of equilibrium; 3. The center of gravity; 4. Some examples of static equilibrium; 5. elasticity Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of equilibrium; 2. Master the requirements of equilibrium; 3. Understand the examples of static equilibrium; 4. Understand the con

24、cept of the Youngs modulus and the bulk modulus. Teaching periods: 3Chapter 12 Gravitation Key Points: 1. Concept of the gravitational force; 2. Newtons law of gravitation; 3. Gravitation and the principle of superposition; 4. Gravitation near Earths surface; 5. Gravitation inside Earth; 6. Gravitat

25、ional potential energy; 7. Keplers Laws; 8. Satellites: orbits and energy. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of the gravitational force; 2. Master the Newtons law of gravitation;3. Master the principle of superposition; 4. Understand the gravitation near Earths surface and inside Earth;

26、5. Understand the gravitational potential energy; 6. Master the Keplers Laws; 7. Understand the motion of planets and satellites: orbits and energy. Teaching periods: 4 Mechanics coaching 3 ( 2 periods )Chapter 13 Fluids Key Points: 1. Concept of the density and pressure;2. Pascals principle; 3. Arc

27、himedes principle; 4. Ideal fluids in motion; 5. The equation of continuity; 6. Bernoullis equation. Basic Requirements： 1. Master the Pascals principle;2. Master the Archimedes principle; 3. Understand the ideal fluids in motion; 4. Master the equation of continuity; 5. Master the Bernoullis equati

28、on. Teaching periods: 4Chapter 14 Oscillations Key Points: 1. Concept of simple harmonic motion (SHM);2. The force law for simple harmonic motion; 3. Energy in simple harmonic motion; 4. An angular simple harmonic oscillator; 5. Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion; 6. Superposition of

29、 two SHMs in the same direction and in the directions perpendicular to each other; 7. Damped simple harmonic motion; 8. Forced oscillations and resonance. Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM);2. Master the force law for Simple harmonic motion; 3. Understand t

30、he meaning of phase, in phase and out of phase of SHM; 4. Master the characteristic of composition of simple harmonic motion in the same direction with the same frequency; 5. Understand the superposition of two SHMs in the directions perpendicular to each other; 6. Understand damped simple harmonic

31、motion; 7. Understand forced oscillations and resonance.Teaching periods: 6Chapter 15 Waves Key Points: 1. Concept of the waves and particles; 2. Transverse and longitudinatl waves; 3. The speed of a traveling wave, wavelength and frequency ; 4. Energy and power of a traveling string wave; 5. The pr

32、inciple of superposition for waves; 6. Interference of waves; 7. Concept of the phasors; 8. Standing waves and resonance; Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the concept of transverse and longitudinatl waves; 2. Understand the concept of wave speed, wavelength and frequency; 3. Master the energy and p

33、ower of a traveling string wave; 4. Master the principle of superposition for waves; 5. Master the interference of waves; 6. Understand the meaning of phasors; 7. Understand the standing waves and resonance. Teaching periods: 5Chapter 16 WavesII Key Points: 1. Sound waves; 2. The speed of sound; 3.

34、Traveling sound waves ; 4. Interference; 5. Intensity and sound level; 6. Beats; 7. The Doppler effect; 8. Supersonic speeds: Shock wave; Basic Requirements： 1. Understand the speed of sound; 2. Understand the traveling sound waves; 3. Master the interference of sound waves; 4. Master the intensity

35、and sound level; 5. Understand the beat phenomenon; 6. Master the Doppler effect; 7. Understand supersonic speeds: Shock wave. Teaching periods: 4 Mechanics coaching 4 ( 2 periods ) Total teaching periods: 68七、教材与教学参考七、教材与教学参考书书1.Fundamentals of Physicssixth edition, Halliday ,Resnick and Walker, Copyright 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.2.Sears and Zemanskys University Physics Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, Vol.1 and Vol.2, 机械工业出版社,2003 年 1 月3.Physicsfourth edition, Cutnell and Johnson. Vol.1, Copyright 1998, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.力学. 漆安慎、杜婵英. 高等教育出版社，2004 年