中考英语阅读理解解题目技巧.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流中考英语阅读理解解题目技巧.精品文档.中考英语阅读理解做题解读 中考英语阅读理解要占到整个试题比例的60%左右，阅读理解是真正考查学生英语综合水平（包括：词汇、短语、语法、逻辑判断、综合分析和做题技巧等多项能力的考查），因此，掌握一定得做题技巧，对于阅读能力的提高还是必不可少的。 按照历年中考题型来看，阅读理解主要分为：选择型和任务型阅读理解两种形式。 一、选择型阅读理解：该类型题目主要以事实情节，主题思想，段落大意为主，有时也推测词汇、短语和句子的含义。主要解题方法有以下步骤：1、快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头

2、和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。2、浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。3、根据所掌握的做体内容，进行通篇寻读。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔划下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。4、逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次

3、的理解题。5、复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。选择型阅读理解主要设计题型有以下三种：1、事实细节题：主要针对文章某一事实现象或逻辑推理分析提出问题，可以通过浏览、寻读和对号入座等方法快速找到正确答案。常见的设问方式有：Which of the following is true/false? All of the statements may be true/false except Which of the following is not the result of? What does the writer mean

4、/pay attention to?2、主旨大意题：主题句大多位于段首或段末，有时也会出现在段落中间，要在浏览后进行寻读时通过分析得到。 中心思想也是此类题考查的内容，要在快速浏览时抓住文章主题，以及突出主题的关键句子或者关键词。另外，还要求能针对文章中心思想迅速确定能准确体现文章中心思想的标题。常见的设问方式有：Whats the main idea of this passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? What the writer wants to tell is that _. Whats the best title of th

5、is passage?3、猜测词义题：主要方法还是要通过上下文语法、构词法、代词指代、描写、同义反义关系以及文章中定义或解释来推理、猜测该词的大体意思。常见的设问方式有：The word”refers to/probably means_.The underlined word”could be replaced by_. What do you think the expression”stands for? Which of the following words can take the place of the word”?阅读理解文章主要有以下三类：1、 故事类：一般为记述文体，常对

6、文中某一细节进行考查，而读后简要合理的推理判断是命题重点，确定文章中心或标题也是重点之一。2、 科普类：一般为说明文体，需要特别理解，合理推断和归纳，对细节进行考察，也是命题亮点。 这类文体有时词汇量较多难懂，需要特别耐心去理解和推敲。3、 图文广告、应用问题类：主要考查图标识别能力，并能推算要求的数据，我们的知识积累对答题很重要。2010年青岛市中考试题选择型阅读理解分析：VI.阅读理解阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。A篇为判断正(A)误(B)题,B、C篇为选择题。（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）ACHILDRENS BOOKSHELFBlack Baby, White Han

7、ds ： A View From the Cribby Dr. Jaiya JohnSoul Water Rising. May 2005$17. ISBN 0-971-33081-6The author is a young African American who was adopted(收养）from the crib(婴儿床）by a white family in New Mexico in the 1970s. Dr. John tells about his feelings as he was trying to understand how best to deal with

8、 them.Hewitt Andersons Great Big Lifeby Jerdine Nolen，illustrated(插图）by Kadir NelsonSimon Schuster Books for Young Readers. January 2005$ 16. 95. ISBN 0-689-86866-9Ages 5 10Hewitt is everything his parents could want in a son. But theres just one problem“hes very, very small while other members of h

9、is family are all proud giants(巨人）.But it turns out that Hewitts great，big character is all he really needs.36. Jaiya John is from Mexico.37. Dr John is more than 30 years old now.38. Hewitt Andersons Great Big Life costs $ 17.39. Hewitt Andersons Great Big Life is written for children aged 5 10.40.

10、 Hewitt is a proud giant.分析：该材料为应用文体类，是对出版书目的书名、作者、出版社、出版时间、书号、价格和故事情节的简介所以，快速浏览后，有些同学会感到比较生涩（因为有许多人名比较生），没关系，浏览完后，仔细阅读36-40所要求判断正误的5个题目，句子结构还是比较简单的，然后对号入座，回头针对所提出的问题一一比对会发现：36.Jaiya John is from Mexico. B文中介绍Jaiya John是来自New Mexico而不是Mexico,37. Dr John is more than 30 years old now.A 文中说 in the 197

11、0s，由此可知已经30年以上。38. Hewitt Andersons Great Big Life costs $ 17.B文中说$ 16. 95.所以不是costs $1739. Hewitt Andersons Great Big Life is written for children aged 5 10.A文中说Ages 5 1040. Hewitt is a proud giant.B文中说hes very, very small while other members of his family are all proud giants(巨人）BStudents in our s

12、chool have one thing in common-an interest in sports. According to their different aims in doing sports, they fall into three groups.Many students go to the playground when they feel tired after a few hours of study. These students put much more stress on their study efficiency(效率）than the fun of sp

13、orts. They just want to go back to their classrooms from the playground with a clearer and quicker mind. So they dont actually care whether they can enjoy themselves on the playground. Most of them choose long-distance running, the kind of exercise which few real sportsmen like. So this group of stu

14、dents can be well regarded as study-oriented participants(参加者）.Students that make up the second group are real sports lovers. Sometimes they even put aside their studies for a match. They participate in the sport that interests them most, not caring whether it is good for their health. They may be c

15、alled fun-oriented sports participants.The third group want beauty from sports. Boys want to become strong； girls want to be slim and graceful. Those who consider sports the only way of losing weight also belong to this group. They are very careful in choosing the kind of exercise they do, and are a

16、fraid that certain sports may influence their body shapes. The proper name for this group may be beauty-oriented sports participants.No matter which group we belong to, we all benefit(受益）from sports. If you look around the school yard, you will find that bookworms have disappeared, and instead, ther

17、e are healthy, strong, clever and modernized students everywhere.41. The common interest of the three groups is .A. studyB. sportsC. funD. beauty42. The study-oriented group .A. think the study efficiency is more important B. enjoy themselves on the playgroundC. choose long-distance running as real

18、sportsmen do D. want to study sports43. Which of the followings belongs to the second group?A. They care if sports are good for their health. B. Mostly they are interested in the sports.C. They want to have a clearer and quicker mind. D. They choose the kind of exercise they do carefully.44. In the

19、beauty-oriented group, students .A. just want to lose weight B. want to be strongC. want enough exercise D. think beauty is the most important45. According to the passage，we can find all over the school yard.A. students are good at sports B. bookworms have appearedC. healthy, strong, clever and mode

20、rnized students D. students belong to many different groups分析：【文章大意】我们学校的学生除了学习外还有一个共同的爱好一运动。作者按运动的目的将学生分成了三种类型：学习型、趣味型和健美型。41. B根据文章第一句可知，三 组人都喜爱sports，故选B。42. A根据第二段中第二句可 知，学习型参加者认为学习效率更重要。故选A。43. B根据第三段内容及real sports lover可知，第二组人大多对运动感兴趣。故选B。44. D根据第四段内容可知，这组人把健美作为运动目的。而且本段第一句也提到 want beauty from

21、 sports。故选 D45. C根据文章最后一句话可 知，校园里到处是健康、强壮、聪明、现代化的学生。故选C。由此我们可以看出，文章的每一段第一句很重要，文章的结尾一句更重要，往往点明了整篇文章的主旨。CAfter finals，I was ready to move out. It wasnt too hard for me, but for a lot of my friends, it was a big event. After packing my suitcase and helping my friends move，it was time to say goodbye. I

22、had reached the end of my first year in the university!A friend from Chinese Taipei who is studying in Washington D. C. came to visit, so my brother and I took him sightseeing. But these were not this months highlights. The high point was coming back home, a moment Id been expecting since the day I

23、left.I arrived home early on the morning of May 15th. When I saw my parents，I gave them a big hug and kiss. Being at home with my parents, standing on this land， and feeling the humid and hot air，I knew I was home. The first thing I did was to go to Mei&Mei for a big breakfast. It was so much better

24、 than the school cafeteria(自助餐厅）！ Mei&Mei was just a start. There are so many foods I have to eat and so many friends I want to see.The hot air is burning my face and the sweat(汗）is evaporating from my skin. I love this feeling. This is where I belong.46. From this passage we can know that the write

25、r is a .A. university student B. senior high school student in TaipeiC. high school student in Washington D. C D. first year university student in China47. The writer went home .A. after one year studyingB. after a big eventC. after one semesterD. at the end of a year48. Which of the following is No

26、t True according to the passage?A. The writer took a friend sightseeing with his brother. B. The writers friend was studying in Taipei.C. The writer stayed far away from his home. D. The writer had been expecting back home since the day he left.49. The writer came back .A. when he was tired of the s

27、chool cafeteria B. at the time when the weather was humid and hotC. because he missed his parents D. to have a big breakfast50. From the last paragraph, we can know that the writer .A. loves his hometown very much B. enjoys the feeling of being at homeC. is happy though he feels hot all over D. A，B

28、and C are all right 分析：每个人都留恋故乡，本文作者描写了经过一年的大学生活之后回到老家的感受。一点一滴，情真意切。46. A根据文章第一段最后一 句可知，作者刚读完大一，但是全文并未提及大学在中国， 故选A。47. A根据本文前三段可知 选A。48. B根据第二段内容可知作者 的朋友是台北人却没在台北学习。故选B。49. B根据第三段内容可知,作 者回家不单纯是因为想念父母，也不是_于吃腻了学校餐 厅或者在家乡享受美食。第四段中家乡的天气情况最贴切。故选B。50. D根据最后一段可知,作者 热爱故乡、陶醉在故乡生活中。故选D。所以，本段文章难度不是很大，但出的几个题目却要

29、求有纵观全文和一定得综合分析理解、上下文结合后才能得出正确答案，切忌急于选择，而要仔细推敲，反复找到关键句子对比才能确定。二、任务型阅读理解：任务型阅读理解题比选择型阅读理解要求更高，难度更大。其实该类型题目分为两个层次：一是完成选择型阅读理解所要求的任务，通过浏览、寻读和比较充分理解短文内容和细节，另一方面，还要完成出题人所设计的任务，主要以以下方式完成：1.完成相关任务。2.回答一些问题。3.填写文后所缺信息任务型阅读有以下几个特点：1、 命题灵活，题型多样：可以根据一篇短文或图表要求学生完成一系列任务，考查多方面能力2、 题目难易程度灵活多样。比如单词拼写、句型转换、同义句转换、翻译句子

30、，改写句子等多方面考察词汇、语法和句型结构综合运用能力。3、 联系实际、实用性强。该提醒可以结合实际，让学生掌握一些使用的知识和技能。我们再来分析一下具体考点内容：1、 根据短文内容完成相关任务：1）根据材料内容完成句子。2）根据材料英汉互译或同义句转换2、 根据短文回答问题：1）常对某一细节进行提问。2）也可对文章主题提问，需要组织好语言简明回答。3、 填写文后所缺失信息：1）根据短文内容填表，可以填词，也可以填写句子。2）针对短文进行归纳。2010年青岛市中考试题任务型阅读理解分析：VIII.阅读表达(共15分）A.阅读下列图表，完成短文，每空词数不限。每空1分，共5分）Many vill

31、agers have left to make a living in big cities. As a result, their children have become “leftover children”（留守儿童）.The survey below is from 200 children to answer the questions. Here are the results.Diagram 1 shows the fact that leftover children” want (1) .most. Most students feel happiest to (2) an

32、d 10% of the students love to go to the library. 58% of the students like (3) better than with their grandparents. According to Diagram 4，the number of the甘落后students who like to communicate with family members is the (4) . The second largest is the students who communicate with (5) .From the survey

33、, we learn that leftover children” need more care. We should give them more love.该类型属于任务型阅读常见的出题类型，根据内容完成句子，考查对短文的理解和词汇、短语以及语法运用的掌握能力。填写时要针对文中有关信息（单词、句子、段落）进行对号入座，才能正确填写。 【文章大意】本文以留守儿童为主题用四个图表的形式展示了对留守儿童进行的4项调查结果，揭示出留守儿童渴望被关爱的心理需求。1. love从表1可知，love远远超出其他。因此，“they want love most” .2. go/stay at schoo

34、l/be at school 从表 2 可知，65 % 的 留守儿童喜欢学校，而学校在他们喜欢的地方中排在第一位。3. living/to live with (their) parents表 3 中有明确的 数字。注意like之后使用动词不定式短语或者现在分词 短语。4. largest由表4可知，喜欢跟家庭成员交流的人数最多。注意修饰人数用large，根据句意可知应使用最高级 形式。5. themselves喜欢跟自己交流的人数排在第二位，反 身代词与主语保持一致，使用第三人称复数。B.阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。（10分）NEWS1.Techniques(技术) used in t

35、he fireworks(焰火）displayed at the opening ceremony of Expo 2010 Shanghai will be popularized and widely used for fireworks in the future.The fireworks employed special-effect technologies to project the logo (标识）of Expo 2010 Shanghai in the sky on the night of the opening ceremony. The research and d

36、evelopment of the special technique took three years to perfect the firework for the first time that night.In the future，people may use fireworks to design words like “ Happy Birthday and flowers on special moments.NEWS 2.With the visitors，comes the garbage.The large number of visitors to Expo 2010

37、Shanghai are bringing traffic pressure, long lines at many pavilions(展览馆），and also more waste.About 160,000 visitors a day during the first five days of the Expo operation (运转）created nearly 200 tons of waste each day.Expo organizers have been trying to promote(推广）waste separation(分类） by putting sep

38、arated bins for different types of waste. However, the idea has been poorly received by the visitors and not many people have put waste into separated bins. authorities said.NEWS 3.Collecting Expo passport(护照）stamps(印章）from pavilions has become so popular that the passports are sold out soon after t

39、he gates open every morning at the Expo Garden. They are now one of the hottest at the Expo Garden.On Saturday, the opening day of the Expo, the 110,000 Expo passports were sold out within a few hours, leaving more than 100，000 visitors disappointed. Because of the shortage, visitors are coming up w

40、ith creative ways to collect the stamps without using the 30 -yuan passports. Hou Peiqi is one of thousands of visitors to the Expo Garden who failed to get an Expo passport.In the face of such a shortage，some visitors have been creative, asking pavilion staff to stamp their maps, books, newspapers

41、and even T-shirts.1.把下面的标题与相应段落的信息匹配。（1分）a.Passports become hot at the Expob.High technique fireworksc.Trash results at the ExpoNews 1. News 2. News 3. .2.从文中找出与所给意思相同或相近的句子。（1分)Visitors are thinking up some other ways to collect the stamps besides the 30-yuan passports.3.把句子With the visitors，comes

42、the garbage.翻译成汉语。(1 分）4.回答问题。（1分)How many visitors during the first five days came to the Expo?5.根据三段信息，完成下面的表格。（1)题，2分;（2)(3)题，每题1分;（4)（7)题， 每题0.5分。(6分）WhoWhat to doPeoplespent three years (1) .the special technique to perfect the fireworks.The large number of visitors to the Expoare bringing (2)

43、，long lines at many pavilions，(3) .Visitorscollect the stamps in the Expo passports or ask the pavilion staff to stamp (4) ，（5) ， (6) and (7) .该部分任务型阅读题型比较丰富，包含了根据短文回答问题，总结段落大意，汉译英，同义句辨析以及填写文后所缺失信息：1）根据短文内容填表，可以填词，也可以填写句子。分析：B.【文章大意】本文以当下国人引以为豪的上海世博会为背景， 摘录了三条新闻。新闻一：体现高科技的开幕式焰火；新闻二 ：随着大批游客的拥入,世博会面临的

44、垃圾问题新闻三：世博的护照热销。News 1. b短文讲述世博会开幕式的高科技焰火， 故选 High technique fireworks。News 2. c短文谈到世博会开始几天由于人多而 产生了大量的垃圾。故选Trash results at the Expo。News 3. a短文讲述人们热衷于收集世博会护照 印章，故选 Passport become hot at the Expo02.本句意思是：除了30元的护照，参观者想出一些其他方法 来收集印章。短文中与之意思相近的是：Visitors are coming up with creative ways to collect th

45、e stamps without using the 30-yuan passports.3.随着参观者/游客的到来，产生了(大量的)垃圾(问题)。4. About 800,000 visitors.由短文中 About 160,000 visitors a day during the first five days of the Expo operation (运转）created nearly 200 tons of waste each day.通过计算 可得出前五天的总人数。5. (1) (in) doing the research and development of/on th

46、e research and development of/researching and developing 短文中主语讲的是某项技术，所花的时间用. take.结构；完成信息部分主语换成people，与之搭配的结构是 spend. on sth.，spend doing sth.，spend in doing sth（主要考查“花。”句型转换用法）(2)trafficpressure (3)more waste根据第二段短文中第二段句子很容易看出世博会带来的三大难题：交通压力、排队等候和大量垃圾(4)(their) maps (5)books (6)newspapers (7)(even

47、)T-shirt 根据短文第三段最后一句可以看出游客要求展馆工作人员盖章的物品五花八门，分别是：地图、书、报纸甚至T恤衫。2010年龙岩阅读理解题：. 任务型阅读 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下列短文，根据内容回答问题并翻译一个句子。请将答案填写在答题卡上Betty,I hope youre well. Im on holiday in London with my friend Jenny. We arrived by plane on Monday and took a taxi to our hotel. I went for a walk in Hyde Park but Jenny didnt come with me because she was tired.