非谓语动词用法归纳 3.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结非谓语动词用法归纳主动被动可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. doing 用在要求动词后。 进行。 相伴。 性质。 特点。 概括。抽象。一般3. having done 有先后动作表完成一般用在句首 5. to do用在要求动词后。目的。将来。详细7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作一般用在句中 一、表格的用法1. doing 的用法2. being done 正在进行的被动4. having been done 用于句首。要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）6. to be done 将来的被动8. to have been done 用在

2、要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）9. done 被动。完成（一般或普遍时间）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（ 1）在要求动词后（作宾语） ： avoid 防止 appreciate 感谢 /观赏 acknowledge 承认 /自认 admit 承认 advocate 提倡 /主见 consider 考虑 cant help 不禁 cant stand 受不了 contemplate 细想 complete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike 不宠爱,厌恶 deserve 值得 delay 推迟 deny 否认 dread 可怕 defer 拖延 detest 嫌恶

3、 enjoy 享有 /宠爱 envy 嫉妒endure 忍耐 excuse 借口 escape 逃跑 /躲避 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 fancy 幻想 /爱好 favor造成 /偏爱 figure 描画 / 运算 hate 厌恶 imagine 设想 involve 卷入 /包含 keep 保持 miss 错过 mention 说到/讲到 mind介意 pardon 原谅 /宽恕 permit 答应 postpone 推迟 practice实行 /实践 prevent 阻挡 quit 舍弃停止 risk 冒险 recall 回想 resist 抗击 /阻挡resume 复原

4、repent 悔悟 resent 怨恨 stand 坚持/ 忍耐 suggest 建议 save 营救/储蓄 tolerate 忍耐 worth 值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading.The book deserves reading.（ 2）表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom.

5、 = The man who is speaking English is Tom.（ 3）表主动The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.= The man who spoke English is Tom.Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.（ 4）表相伴I stand outside waiting for Mr

6、. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel.（ 5）表性质。特点The film is very moving.She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.（ 6）概括性 ,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 概括性 ,一般性 Our work is serving the people （ 7）动名词的规律主

7、语为。人称代词的全部格+动名词。名词 s+动名词。例如：Tom insisted on my going with them 他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wifes working late他不宠爱他妻子工作得很晚。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. being done 表示正在进行的被动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the

8、 boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad. The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.3. having done 有先后动作表完成一般用在句首 Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finis

9、hed the class, I went home. Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.Having done the work, I went back home.Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.4. having been done 用于句首。有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作） I appreciate having been given the

10、 opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 要求动词后 =I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I sti

11、ll appreciate your help thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been

12、 finished, it was turned in.5. to do 的用法 :(1) 用在要求动词后 : 接 to do 的动词（作宾语）attempt 妄想 afford 负担得起 arrange 支配 appear 好像,显得ask 问 agree 同意 believe 认为、信任 begin 开头 beg 恳求 bother 扰乱 /苦恼 care 关怀,宠爱 choose挑选 claim 要求 consent 同意,赞同 contrive 设法,图谋demand 要求 destine 注定 determine 打算 dread 可怕 desire 愿望 decide 打算 ena

13、ble 能够 expect 期望 endeavor努力 fail 不能 hate 憎恨 /厌恶 happen 碰巧 hesitate 徘徊 hope 期望 intend 想要 incline 有 倾向 long 期望 love爱 learn 学习 mean 意欲,准备 manage 设法 neglect 忽视 need 需要 omit 忽视,漏 offer 供应 pretend 假装 plan 方案 prefer 宠爱/宁愿 prepare 预备 profess 说明 promise 承诺 /答应 propose 提议 refuse 拒绝 swear 宣誓 start 开头 seek 找/寻找

14、 try 试图 undertake 承接 volunteer 理想 vow 起 wish 期望 want 想要(2) 表示详细动作,特殊是表示将来的动作做表语 。Our work is to serve the people The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom. To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是马上开头干。

15、假如主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语也是不定式（表示结果） 。To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living 工作就是为了生活。假如主语是以aim , duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan,problem , purpose, thing ,wish 等为中心的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结名词,或以 what 引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near futur

16、e他的期望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant省 to 的动词不定式1） 情态动词 除 ought 外, ought to ：2） 使役动词let, have, make。在被

17、动语态中就to 不能省掉。The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work the whole night.3） 感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find等后作宾补,省略to。在被动语态中就 to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. = he was seen to dance.注：感官动词仍可以接现在分词,表示一个（短暂）动作正在进行。不定式就表示动作的整个过程。I saw him danc

18、e.（整个跳舞的过程）I saw him dancing.（我观察他时,他正在跳舞。强调动作正在发生）A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked find sb. doing sth 意为 “发觉某人正在做某事 ”。4） 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather , had better, mightjust as well ： rather than 置于句首时。Rather than ride on a crowded bus,

19、he always prefers to ride a bike.If you are planning to spendyour money having fun this week, betterit you ve got some big bills coming.A . forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forget 5） why / why not6） help 可带 to,也可不带 to, help sb to do sth ：7） but 和 except： but 前是动词 do 时,后面显现的动词用不带to 的动词不定式。是其他动词时,就要带

20、to。He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.8） 不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但如主语部分中含有do 的各种形式时,符号to 可省去。Weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.9） 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去to be： He is supposed to be nice. 他应当是个好人。1

21、0） 当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and, but 或 or 连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to 常省略。但如表示对比、对比关系时,就不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.6. to be done 将来的被动The work to be finished tomorrow is important.= The work that will be finishe

22、d tomorrow is important.= The work that is to be done is difficult to finish.7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作一般用在句中 Mr. Chen is said to have done the job. = Mr. Chen is said that he did the job.Chinese menbasketball team is reported to have accepted a good training before the Olympic Games.可编辑资料 - - - 欢

23、迎下载精品名师归纳总结= Chinese menbasketball team is reported that they accepted a good training before the Olympic Games.8. to have been done 用在要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）The job is said to have been done by Mr. Chen. = The job is said that it was done by Mr. Chen.9. done 被动。完成（一般或普遍时间）Seen from the moon, the earth lo

24、oks like a blue ball.= When it is seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. The work done is important.= The work that has been done is important= The work that was done is importantPeople cannot but feel puzzled , for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mi

25、stake.二、出题形式1. 空格在句首：（ 1）句子分前后两部分,后面分句的主语能发出前面的动作,前面空格用主动,否就用被动。（ 2） be interested in; be faced with; be devoted to; be delighted with; be addicted to; be seated on; be dressed in; beused/accustomed to; be armed with; be involved in; be concerned about/with; be attached to;等在句首只能用 -ed 形式Faced with s

26、o many difficulties, I work hard every day. Devoted to my work; I care nothing else.2. 空格在句中：（ 1）空格前面的名词能发出后面的动作,空格用主动,否就用被动（ 2）要求动词（后接doing 的动词。后接 to do 的动词）3 有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别forget to do遗忘要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing 遗忘做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） stop to do 停止、中断（某件事） ,目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或常常做的事remember

27、to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing 记得做过某事 已做 regret to do 对要做的事遗憾regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、懊悔try to do 努力、妄想做某事try doing 试验、试一试某种方法mean to do 准备,有意要 mean doing 意味着go on to do继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing连续（原先没有做完的事情）propose to do 准备（要做某事）proposing doing 建议（做某事）like /love/hate/ prefer +to do表示详细行为。 +doing sth表示抽象、倾

28、向概念It is + no use, no good fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore. 等名词 +doing sth. It is no use crying. 哭没有用。 It is no good objecting. 反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football打篮球很好玩。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法说明是铺张时间。It is + useless nice, good , interesting, expensive 等形容词 + d

29、oing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。It is nice seeing you again 真兴奋又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper 晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car 开这种小车是铺张。3. 空格在句尾：（ 1）物 + need, want, deserve, demand, require + doing = to be done The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cl

30、eaned.（ 2）参考使役动词 make; let; get; have 的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Sb1 makes sb2 do前面的人让 /叫/使后面的人做某事Mr. Chen makes us do English exercise.Sb1 makes sb2 doing前面的人让 /叫/使后面的人始终做某事（有前提条件,表示埋怨或发牢骚） Mr. Chen is too strict on our English study and he always makes us doing English exercise.Sb2 is made to do 某

31、人被让 /叫/ 使去做某事We are made to do English exercise.Sb makes oneself / onedsonpeoi某nt 人让 /叫/使自己或自己的话/ 观点让别人听懂 Mr. Chen speaks English slowly in order to make himself understood in the class.Sb makes sth done 某人把 /让/叫/ 使某事给别人做I have my hair cut.Sb has done sth某人已经做完了某事I have cut my hair.（ 3）不及物动词构成的不定式做定

32、语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成规律上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。I need a pen to write with 我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about 没有什么值得发愁的。I find a house to live in. I get a chair to sit on.三、独立主谓结构：和以上全部句子只有一个规律主语不同,独立主谓结构有两个不同的主语。Weather permitting, we go out to have a picnic.= If the weather permits, we go out to have

33、a picnic. Work done, I had a rest. = After the work had been done, I had a rest.Class being over, I went home. = Because the class was over, I went home.Kate being ill, I came to replace her position. = Because Kate was ill, I came to replace her position. Time, I ll go on a picnic with you this Sun

34、day.A. permitsB. to permitC. permittedD. permitting更多例子：All things considered, he is a fairly good teacher of English. Spring having come, the trees begin to turn green.There being no pen, I had to write the letter with a pencil. We had to stay indoors instead of playing outside, it raining very hard.（留意：不要把后半部分写成一个句子： it was raining very hard. 在这种情形下, 前后句之间就必需加上连词and。）Breakfast over, my father went to his office.The summer vacation being over, John returned to school from his hometown.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载