科技英语翻译.docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018上篇期末考试范围P.23例2This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。P.24 例3If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。例7Keep the batteries in d

2、ry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away.（如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果，就”，或者“就”。P.25例12In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them availabl

3、e to us.换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。例14The solar wind grossly distorts the earths magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。P.26 例17The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction

4、 results in a very considerable reduction in friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。例20An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。P.27 例23The moon is a world that is completely a

5、nd utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地

6、球上所能体验到的。原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；sothat引导的结果状语从句。例24Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerica

7、l form.计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。原句中有三个介词，其中介词for省略不译。P.29 例29The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to be connected to the communication channel.数据（存储）设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。原句中的on指设备的接通状态，使句子形象、简洁，很容易理解。例30Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appen

8、dix and stitched him up again医生切开他的腹部，制除了阑尾，又把他腹部缝好。原文中使用him以全部代替部分，译为“他的腹部”为妥。P.30 例32It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话，机器人只有很少的词汇，而且你怎么说他就怎么做。原句中的robot是无生命的机器，不是人，在此采取拟人手法，用副词literally修饰，生动、形象。P.3

9、2 例5Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a form that meets both company goals and customer expectations.设计是一系列的操作，包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。例8After the spring has been close to its solid height, the compressive force is removed.弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度之后就没

10、有压力了。原句中solid height的意思在汉译时做了技术性引中，翻译为“并紧高度”。P.33例12Dimensioning is a complicated work and long experiences are required for the mastering of it.尺寸标注是一项复杂的工作，需要有长期经验才能完成。英语中的动名词是由动词变形而来的，其动作性已经高度抽象化，在汉译时应该增加表动作的动词。原句中的dimensioning就是抽象化了的动名词，在翻译时增加“进行”二字。例14Semiconductors devices have no filament or

11、heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。原句中的heaters属于重复性词语，在汉译时省略了heater。例15The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance.导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。原句中的物主代词its在汉译时省略，属于省译法。P.34 例20As noted previously, the cata

12、lyst in the first reactor can be divided into two beds, with an intermediate liquid quench, where high reactivity of the charge makes close temperature control mandatory.前面已经指出，在电荷具有很高反应能力而必须严格控制温度的场合，第一反应器中的催化剂可以分为两层，并在中间采用液体冷却。原句中斜体部分是where引导的地点状语。英语中习惯将状语放在句子后面，而汉语则恰恰相反，因此，汉译时语序进行了调整，状语从句位于句首。例21

13、These waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light.这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播，它们通常被称为无线电波。汉译时调整了which引导的非限制性定语从句的位置，将其放在句末单独成为一个小分句，对前面的内容进行补充。例22To picture the stress state, select the original a reference system at the center of the contact area with x parallel to the cylin

14、drical axes, y perpendicular to the plane formed by the two cylinder axes, and z in the plane of the contact force.为描述应力状态，选择参考坐标系，原点选在接触面的中心，x轴平行于圆桂体的轴线，y轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面，z轴处于接触力所在的平面上。2018 中篇期末考试范围中篇第一章P.42 例5The new medicine will expire in 2 years.新药的有效期为两年。例10The operation of a machine needs some

15、knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能P.43 例17This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route.对确定最佳工艺流程而言，这次实验是绝对必要的。例20Employers by and large are resistant to mediation.从总体上说，雇主是抵制调解的。P.44 例26This metal is less hard than that one.这种金属的硬度比那种差。例30This experimen

16、t is an absolute necessity in determining the solubility.对确定溶解度来说，这次试验是绝对必要的。原句中的名词necessity转换成汉语中的形容词“必要的”，原句中的形容词absolute 转换汉语中的副词“绝对”。P.45 例37It is demonstrated that dust is extremely hazardous.已经证实，粉尘具有极大的危害。例41Chlorine is very active chemically.氯的化学性能很活跃。P.46 例46The government is behind this pr

17、oject.政府支持这个项目。P.47 例59The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。P.48 例61The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.这种加工方法所需的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。例70Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides.碳与氧化合后便构成各种碳氧化合物。P.49

18、例77These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率低下。译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词：“速度”、“行动”、“效率”。既使译文意思明确，又使其形成四字词组，匀称整齐。P.50 例91The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to the ratio of its voltage to the current through this section of the circuit.电路某一段的电阻等于其电压

19、与流过该段电路的电流之比。P.51 例98Since copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering.由于铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛应用于电气工程。原句中作主语的it在译文中省译。P.52 例105Finally, this condensate is pumped back into the boiler and the cycle repeats itself.最后，冷凝水被泵回锅炉，这种循环重复进行。P.53 例114Therefore the transformer ca

20、n be used to step up or step down alternating voltage.因此，变压器可用来升降电压。译文中并列连词or可以省略不译。例119Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength.不锈钢硬度大、强度高。P.54 例123Strain Gauge Technology, which grew out of Applied Science Publishers Developments in Stress Analysis scries, does not replace or supe

21、rsede existing textbooks and reference books应变仪技术一书，虽是从应用科学出版家公司出版的应力分析之进展丛书中产生的，但它并不能取代现有的教科书和参考书。原句中动词replace和supersede都是“替代”、“取代”的意思，译文中只译出一个，省译另一个。P.55 例135Machines used for making plastic objects are very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural mat

22、erials.用来加工塑料制品的机器同那些用来加工木制品、金属制品和其他天然制品的机器是十分不同的。P.56 例138Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are most widely used in industry.工业上广泛应用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉。原句中gas, oil和electric三个形容词同时修饰furnaces，但在译文中必须“油”和“电“连用才能使意思明确。P57 例144There are some partly mechanized versions of the process, however, in which higher curr

23、ent and deposition rates can be used.但是这种（焊接）方法有些已经部分地机械化了，所以能使用较强的电流和较高的焊着率。例146Increasingly sophisticated computer-controlled robots are entering industry to cut down production costs, time and labor requirements.日益完善的由计算机控制的机器人正在进入工业领域，以降低成本、缩短生产时间、减少劳动力。P.58 例149Being very small, this force may

24、be neglected.这个力很小，所以可以忽路不计。原向中的分词题语可分译成表示原因的分句，译为“这个力很小”。P.59 例158Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost, and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of

25、limestone widely present in nature塑料是由水、效和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化的手段开采的，成本较低；石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。例161Generally speaking, the typical metal conducts electricity and heat. It shows lustrous surface, usually with white, or so-called metallic luster. It is ductile and malleable.一般来说，典型的金属能

26、导热导电，表面有光泽，具有延展性和可煅性。P.60 例163The circulating water system of this power plant is a closed-cycle type of cooling system which consists of cooling tower, basin, pump house and supply / return pipelines.该电厂循环水系统是由冷却塔、水池、泵房以及供水/回水管路组成的闭式循环冷却系统。P.61 例169This type of early discovery of lung cancer follow

27、ed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often bubbled by diverse biologic behaviors in the rate and direction of the growth of cancer.人们希望“早期发现”肺癌，随后进行外科治疗，因为外科治疗可能是效果最好的办法。然而，由于肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征有很大差异，早期发现的希望往往落空。P.62 例172Water is a substance suitable

28、for preparation of hydrogen and oxygen.水是适于制取氢和氧的一种物质。P65 例187In 1951,Harvard University undergraduate Marvin Minsky built a learning machine out of vacuum tubes and motors based on the McCulloch-Pitts neuron model.1952年，哈佛大学的研究生Marvin Minsky，根据McCulloch-Pitts的神经模型，采用真空管和电动机制作出了一台学习机。中篇第二章（共30个）P.69

29、 例6When an acid reacts with a base, a neutral product usually results, and we call it a salt.当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。base一词的基本含义是“基础”，是一个概括性较强的词。但在以上例句中，都因不同的学科分类而转化为不同的含义，在机械术语中译为“底座”，在数学术语中译为“底数”；在化学术语中译为“碱”。P.73 例32When an acid reacts with a base, a neutral product usually results, and we

30、 call it a salt.当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。base一词的基本含义是“基础”，是一个概括性较强的词。但在以上例句中，都因不同的学科分类而转化为不同的含义，在机械术语中译为“底座”，在数学术语中译为“底数”；在化学术语中译为“碱”。P.74 例36The closed loop system protects the operator from liquor contact and hazard from the same.此闭环系统能保护操作工，使之不与液体接触，免受液体危害。原句中的same的照应词是liquor，正因为有了liquor的照

31、应，才使得same有确定的充分的词义，即“液体”。P.75 例45Ideal voltage and current sources are active circuit elements, while resistors and conductors are passive elements.理想电压源和电流源都是有源元件，而电阻和导体都是无源元件。原句中active和passive的本义为“积极的”和“消极的”，根据句子的语境，引中为“有源”“无源”，更符合技术概念的语言规范。P.76 例56The critical pressure is the pressure at which a

32、gas can be liquefied.临界压力指液化气体所需的压力。原句中形容词critical原义是“关键的”、“紧急的”。在翻译时进行了引中处理，译为“临界的”。P.77 例58The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current.导线越粗，就越容易导电。例64The chief problem with brush-type motors is the low reliability of the commutator-and-brush assembly.电刷型电动机的主要问题是换向器一电刷组合体的可靠性低。P.78

33、 例71The shunt motor operates nearly at constant speed.并励电动机差不多恒速运行。P.79 例82The fence by the cable ditch is too low.电缆沟旁设置的栅栏太矮了。P.80 例89With its great potential, the wide use of optical communications will not come overnight.虽然光通讯有巨大的发展潜力，但它不会在一夜之间就得到广泛的应用。原句中的介词with表示伴随状态，汉译成连词“但是”。P.81 例101It is t

34、hrough this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire substation.变电站运行人员正是通过这个界面控制和监视整个变电站的。P.82 例113If we permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.如果让电流通过的时间长一些，产生的热就会多一些。P.83 例123The choice of material in construction of bridges is basically be

35、tween steel or concrete and main trouble with concrete is that its tensile strength is very small.桥梁建筑材料基本上仍在钢材和混凝土之间选择，而混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度低。P.84 例128The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。P.86 例155As the temperature increases, the volume

36、of water becomes greater.温度增高，水的体积就增大。P.87 例158The materials are excellent for use where the value of the work pieces is not high.如果零件价值不高，最好使用这种材料。原句中的从属连词where 转译为“如果”，表示条件。例160Every object, large or small, has a tendency to move toward every other object.每一物体，不论大小，都有向其他物体移动的倾向。原句中的并列连词or转译为“不论”，表

37、示让步。P.88 例167The electricity crisis can be solved as long as low-cost power is available.只要能获得低成本的电力，电力紧张问题就会解决。例173The dielectric material is not perfect, so a small leakage current will flow through it.电容电介材料是不完全绝缘的，因而会有少量的泄漏电流流出。not perfect指的是materials在绝缘性方面的特性，所以译文中要将此名词增译出来。P.89 例180The force n

38、ecessary to stretch the spring is great.拉伸弹簧所需的力很大。P.90 例184This is the key for the extremely low D.C. power achievable.这是获得极低直流功率的关键。例191He is quite ignorant of electromagnetics.他对电磁学很不了解。P.91 例197Traditionally, our society has trained men to be comfortable with competition and uncomfortable with i

39、ntimacy.社会培养男性的传统模式使得他们能够从容地面对竞争，面对亲情却无所适从。P.92 例211The AC and DC components can be treated separately.交流和直流分量可以分别加以处理。P.93 例223The absence of atmosphere in space will allow the space telescope to show scientists light sources as far as 14-billion light years away.大空中大气的缺失现象使得科学家们可以通过太空望远镜观察到距我们远达14

40、0亿光年的光源。P.94 例232Going through the process of heat treatment, metals become much stronger and more durable.金属经过热处理后，强度更大，更加耐用。原句中process在汉语中不宜照译出来，因此省去不译。例234While small generators frequently have revolving armatures, large machines usually have stationary armatures and revolving fields.小型发电机常采用旋转电枢

41、，而大型发电机常采用静止电枢，旋转磁场。原句中为了避免重复generators，后面使用拼写不同，但与其意思相近的名词machines替代，译为“发电机”。P.95 例241Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal, either in the form of iron or in the form of steel.现代工业对这种金属的需求量很大，无论是铁的形式还是钢的形式。P.97 例258This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but it

42、s quality is quite good.这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸的一半，可是质量相当好。P.99 例270The minimum clearance path is the minimum distance that must be provided between conducting surfaces which differ in voltage.在给定电压下，每个绝缘层都要求有最小间距和最短的漏电路径。原句中形容词minimum分别修饰distance 和 clearance path，根据汉语词语对应关系的需要，分别译成“最小”和“最短”。中篇第三章（共15个）P.104 例

43、7Knowing the properties of the material, we can make full use of it.知道这种材料的特性后，我们就能充分利用它了。例10Using a transformer, power at low voltage can be transformed into power at high voltage.如果使用变压器，低电压的电力就能转换成高电压的电力。例13Copper has less resistance than aluminum for the same size wire, but aluminum, being much

44、lighter in weight, has less resistance per unit of weight.对于同样粗细的电线来说，铜比铝的电阻小，但由于铝的重量很轻，所以它单位重量的电阻较小。P.105 例19Being stable in air at ordinary temperature, mercury combines with oxygen if heated.即使常温下水银在空气中是稳定的，但给它加热它就会与氧化合。P.107 例30We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an i

45、nsulating medium.电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。P.109 例46With the base grounded, transistor Q4 is a very high impedance.当基极接地时，晶体管Q4便成为一个非常高的阻抗。介词短语作状语，译为时间状语，并置于句首。P.110 例55It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and under voltage.必须保护感应电动机，以防止过载和欠压。原句中的介词短语 against.voltage翻译为“以.欠压”，在句

46、中作宾语induction motors的补足语。P.111 例64Transistors, integrated circuits, and the chip itself only came about because materials scientist learned how to process silicon from common beach sand.晶体管、集成电路以及芯片本身，都是由于材料科学家学会了利用沙滩上的普通沙子加工硅的方法之后才出现的。P.112 例72When the effect of inductance is such as to cause an in

47、duced voltage in the same circuit in which the changing current is flowing, the term self-induction is applied to the phenomenon.当电感效应在变化的电流流过的同一电路里足以引起感应电压时，我们就用“自感”这个词来描述这一现象。原句中the effect of inductance是when引导的时间状语从句的主语，它是不定式短语to cause an induced voltage动作的发出者，两者之间形成主谓关系。例73Another important factor to be taken into consideration is that current strength is equal at certain points in a series circuit.需要考虑在内的另外一个重要因素是电流强度同串联电路中的某些点的强度处处相同。原句中的不定式短语to be.consideration插入在主语another important factor与系动词 is之间作后置定语。两者构成汉语中的