简单句的五种基本句型(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上简单句的五种基本句型简单句是英语中的基本句子，了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这五种基本句型是：1.主语+不及物动词（主谓结构）本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。此句型中不及物动词的常用法：（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类动词常见的有：read, sell, wash, write, clean等。如：The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。T

2、his kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。2.主语+系动词+表语（主系表结构） 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。（1）主语+系动词+形容词(作表语) 如：That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。 It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好

3、。（2）主语+系动词+名词(作表语) 如：Later he became a scientist. 他后来成为一个科学家。 He is a student. 他是个学生。（3）主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语) 如：He is near. 他在附近。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 Youre not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾结构） 此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。（1）主语+及物动词名词或代词(作宾语)

4、如：He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去国外度假吗?（2）主语+及物动词动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有：advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, cant help, stick to等。如：I sugge

5、sted taking a walk. 我建议去散步。You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。（3）主语+及物动词不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。如：I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如

6、此巨额的工资。（4）既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。如：remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事；forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事；go on to do sth.做完一件事接着做另一件事/go on doing sth.继续做同一件事；try to do sth. 试图做某事/t

7、ry doing sth.尝试着做某事等。如：Did you remember to feed the birds? 你记着喂鸟了吗？I remember feeding the birds. 我记得已喂了鸟。4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓+双宾语结构）此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词：（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。如：Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能

8、把那封信递给我吗？Can you lend me that book? 或Can you lend that book to me? 你能把那本书借给我吗？（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。如：He bought me a bottle of ink. /He bought a bottle of ink for me. 他为我买了一瓶墨水。Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗？5.

9、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（主谓+复合宾语结构）此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词：（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如：They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。I would make him king over the earth. 我会让他当世界之王。（2）接形容词作宾

10、补的动词：keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。如：She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。（3）接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。如：He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。（4）接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。如：The police

11、put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。（5）有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型,即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语。常见动词有think, find, consider等。如：I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。十六种英语时态讲解（1） 英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例) 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时现在 study be studying have studi

12、ed have been studying过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying1. 一般现在时用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。例：He always helps others.

13、 （他总是帮助别人。）D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（

14、有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）2. 现在进行时(be doing)用法：现在正在进行的动作。3. 现在完成时(have done)用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。例：I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didnt sell B) sold C

15、) havent sold D) would sellB) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge C) have been challengedB) may be challenged D) are

16、challengingC) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）C) 在thi

17、s is the first/ second/ third time that句型里要求用完成时。例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。例：We have been working on this project for over a month n

18、ow.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。例：It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A) had leaked B) is leakingC) leaked D) has been leaking5. 一般过去时用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ u

19、sed to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。例

20、：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）注意事项：A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B) used to do的否定形

21、式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示过去常常或过去曾经，要求加动词原形；后者表示习惯于，要求加名词或动名词。6. 过去完成时(had done)用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示过去的过去的动作或状态。Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A) didnt hear

22、 C) hasnt heard B) hasnt been hearing D) hadnt heard7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)用法：A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）B)

23、如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）。9. 一般将来时用法：A) 基本结构是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, g

24、o, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）C) 表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期

25、内或马上要做的事。例：Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）E) be to do的5种用法：a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.

26、Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）10. 将来进行时(will be doing)用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）11. 将来完成时(will have done)用法：表示从将

27、来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。例： The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A) must have lasted B) will have lastedC) would last D) has lasted12)将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ，will have been doing例：By the end of

28、next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）13)过去完成进行时：had been doing例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和

29、“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）14) 过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（此句为被动语态）15) 过去将来完成时：should have done , would have done例：I believed by the end of that year an

30、 advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）16) 过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）专心-专注-专业