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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上主谓一致 教案一、语法一致原则Reading books in bed is a bad habit. on the desk are two books .二)意义一致原则 有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如: My family watch TV after supper. The united states is a developed country. this pair of trousers costs fifty dollars. 三)就近原则 有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式
2、决定于最靠近它的词语。 例如: either my grandsons or their father is coming. There is some bread and some cakes on the table.二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 有些集合名词,class,crew,crowd,family,audience,government,group,mob,staff,team, union committee, 这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循 “意义一致”原则。例如: the present government is trying to control infla
3、tion. the school staff are expected to supervise school meals. (一)通常作复数的集体名词 包括police, people, cattle, militia, vermin等,这些集体名词通常用作复数。 例如: (二)通常作不可数名词的集体名词 包括baggage, luggage, jewellery, poultry,machinery, equipment, furniture, clothing, merchandise等 all the machinery in the factory is made in china.
4、 四、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 (一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 如:arthritis,(关节炎)bronchitis,(肺炎)measles(麻疹) diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如: measles usually occurs in children. (三)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题 如the united states,the netherlands,因其是单一政治实体,所以谓语动词用作单数。 例如: 但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语
5、,谓语动词用作复数。 例如: the himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant. the niagara falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world. (四)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics, mathematics, mechanics, politics statistics, economics, physics is a fundamental subject in science. the th
6、ird world economics is promising. (五)其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题 3) 表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a pair of, that pair of, a series of 连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: two pairs of scissors are missing from
7、 my tool box. the contents of the book are most amusing. 五、如果句子的主语是并列结构,其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则: (一)由and/both.and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题 由and/both.and连接的并列结构作主语,可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。 例如: Butter and bread iron and steel war and peace fish and chips 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every, no, many a 等限定词时,谓语动词通常用单数。 例如: (二)由or/no
8、r/either.or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题 由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 连接的并列结构作主语 (三)主语 + 介词 当主语后面跟有由 rather than , instead of ,more than, as well as, ,with, along with, together with, except, besides, but, in addition to , apart from ,including, concerning 等引导的词组时, 六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题 当
9、主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时,如果数量概念被看做一个整体,动词用单数,如果被看做组成该数量的个体,动词用复数。 例如: three weeks have passed ,but two weeks are still left there were six silver dollars in each of the stockings. 如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成,all of, some of, half of, most of,其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别。 例two-thirds of the people present is against
10、the plan. All of the work has been done两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数;两数相加或相乘,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。 例如: sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three. forty-two divided by six is seven. six andplus eight makes/make fourteen. six times eight is/are forty-eight. 如果主语由one in/one out of + 复数名词 构成,在正式语体中,动词用单数。 例如: one in ten stu
11、dents has passed the examination. one out of twelve bottles was left intact. 如果主语由One or two days 、 one day or two / one and a half days / one /a day and a half day One and a half apples_(leave) on the table.如果主语是由“many a +/more than one +名词 用单数。 例如: many a man has his own responsibility. more than
12、one ship was lost this year. 同位语原则Each of the students _ (take) an active part in the English contest.we each _ (take) an active part in the English contest.4)the+adj. 表示一类人 或物做主语时如 the+blind, deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,rich old, young等5) the+姓的复数形式表一家人The Greens were watching TV when a fire brok
13、e out3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 Looking after the children is my full time job. To die for the people is a worthy death.9)由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的不定代词做主语时,谓语用单数Nobody wants to go there.Something has been done to end the strike.2)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之谓语动词用
14、复数。这类名词有:sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), species(种类),works(工厂),10)倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:1)Between the two buildings_ (stand) a monument.2)On the ship (be) over 2,200 people. 3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those (be) the young woman.12).all 做主语表示人时,谓动用复数;若表物,谓动则用单数。13 One or two + n (p) +V(
15、p) a + n (s) + or two + V (s) 一两个 One or two students were late for class. One student or two was late for class.15) One and a half + n (p) + V (s ) a + n (s) and a half + V (s) 一个半16. one of the students , the only/very one of the students.17. a number of + n(复数) the number of + n(复数) 18. a large quantity of +c/u +谓语单数 large quantities of +c/u +谓语复数19). Such作主语 Such is our plan. Such are my words.20)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 Looking after the children is my full time job. To die for the people is a worthy death.专心-专注-专业