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1、查莉老师高考语法专题04 无提示词类之冠词、介词、代词考点归纳考点01 冠词【考点诠释】冠词是语法填空的高频考点，经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时，首先看空格后是否有名词，有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an，此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素，如果是元音填an，如果是辅音，则填a；有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；还要看是否是固定搭配。考点种类常见用法冠词不定冠词 (a / an)1. 修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an，而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如：an apple, a banana, an
2、 umbrella。2. 与序数词连用，表示再一，又一”。如：You can try it a second time if you fail.3. 固定搭配。如：all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。定冠词 (the)1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如：We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如： Pas
3、s me the dictionary, please.3. 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如：Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.零冠词1. 记忆口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭，复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。2. 固定搭配。如：lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。冠词的活用1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如：a surprise 一件意外的事情；a pleas
4、ure一个令人快乐的事情。2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如：Can you give me a second chance, please?3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如：play the piano；play erhu。考点02 介词【考点诠释】介词是语法填空的必考点和难点，学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法；介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思，然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、
5、比较和记忆。考点种类常见用法介词时间介词基本介词in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (的时候、到、等到已经等,用在天、时间的前面)难点1. in 与after的用法区别：A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。2. for 与since的用法区别：A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。3. during与for的用法区别：A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词dur
6、ing。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。4. before与by的用法区别：A.介词before表示“在之前”。B.介词by表示“到时为止,不迟于”。地点介词基本介词in, at, on, to难点1.at 与in 的用法区别：at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等。2. at与on的用法区别：at用于门牌号。on用于路名。3.in, on, to的用法区别：in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”，如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表
7、示“没接触”，如：France lies to the south of England.方式介词基本介词with, in, by难点in, with, by的用法区别：in表示“用材料、语言”。如： Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car.方位介词基本介词at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behi
8、nd, between / among, over/across/through难点1.in, on, at 的用法区别：in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。 2. on, over, above的用法区别：on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于.”，“在之上”。3. under与below的用法区别：under是over的反义词即“在下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于” , “在之下”。4. across, through, over, past的用法区别：across
9、着重于“从头或边到另头或另边”，强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。不用介词的情况1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.考点03 代词【考点诠释】从
10、近几年高考真题看，代词的考查分为两类，一类有提示词。在这类题中，提示词可能是其基本形式人称代词的主格，则可能考查宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。名词性物主代词：作主语、宾语或表语。反身代词。第二类是纯空格题，即无提示词。如果要求填代词的基本形式，如主格人称代词，it，或some, any, another, both等不定代词，是不会给提示词的。在纯空格题中：(1)句子缺主语时，可能填:人称代词主格，不定代词；it，包括填作形式主语的it，替代后面作真正主语的不定式、动名词或从句。考点种类常见用法代词人称代词主格：I, we, you, he, she, the
11、y, it宾格：me, us, you, him, her, them, it物主代词形容性物主代词：my, our, your, his, her, their, its，近年对its考查较多，值得重点关注。名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its反身代词形式：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself用法：动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语动词短语：behave oneself, dress oneself
12、, enjoy oneself, express oneself；介词短语：by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself，这些固定搭配应该重点记忆。不定代词all, both, either, none, neither, each, any，这里要注意并列连词的使用，它也是解题的关键。some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词many, much, (a) few, (a) little，这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数。the other, another, the others, othersit用法1. 做形式主
13、语：It is necessary to repeat the whole thing.2. 做形式宾语：She made it clear (that) we were not welcome.3. 做宾补：I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here.4. 用于强调句：Its Spain that he went to, not Portugal. 强调句型中的it也是考查重点之一。5. 模糊指代：表示一般情况。指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。高考练场考点01 冠词1. (2023全国II卷) N
14、ot the pandas, even though _ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.2. (2022全国II卷) _ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.3. (2022年新高考全国I卷) 56 (Covering) an area about three times _ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the
15、first national parks in the country. 4. (2022年新高考全国甲卷) _ friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 5. (2022年新高考全国乙卷) To celebrate _ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 6. (2021年新高考全国I卷) While youre in China, Mo
16、unt Huangshan is _ must to visit!7. (2021年新高考全国II卷) A company 64 (representative) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 8. (2021年新高考全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all _ way around the Xian City Wall.9. (2021年新高考全国乙卷) Du
17、e to _ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 (of) trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: 10. (2020年新高考全国II卷) Each volume in the set explores 61 wide range of material, explain
18、s the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 62 (and) discusses the influences they have on everyday life.11. (2019高考全国I卷) Of _ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.12. (2019高考全国II卷) When we
19、 got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _ joke.13. (2018高考全国卷) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.14. (2017高考全国卷II) This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ t
20、op.15. (2017高考全国卷) Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as _ model in New York.考点02 介词1. (2023新高考全国甲卷) She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _ saving their environment.2. (2023新高考全国新课标卷II) And who do they speak English _?3. (2023新高
21、考全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong _ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.4. (2022新高考全国I卷) Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species (物种), bringing protecti
22、on to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.5. (2022新高考全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers _ Xian to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xian in five months. 6. (2022新高考全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named off
23、icially _the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.7. (2021新高考全国甲卷) It was built originally to protect the city _ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).8. (2021新高考全国乙卷) Due to 65 (the) growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _ trips are
24、now being classified as ecotourism.9. (2020全国新高考I卷) Museums must compete _f_ peoples spare time and money with other amusements.10. (2020全国新高考III卷) The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature. 11. (2019高考浙江卷) The answer _ this question is not clear.12. (2018高考浙江卷)
25、 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.13. (2017高考全国卷I) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects
26、such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.14. (2017高考全国卷) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.考点03 代词1. (2023新高考全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao lon
27、g bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _ (they) contents. 2. (2022年全国高考乙卷) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of TruthA Special
28、 Exhibition of Puer Tea.3. (2021年新高考全国I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in _ (I).4. (2021年全国高考乙卷) Ecotourism has _ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.5. (2020全国卷II) Readers are
29、encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of _ (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.6. (2020高考全国卷I) Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球
30、的) base are practical.7. (2020新高考全国卷I) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.8. (2018高考全国卷I) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same
31、 benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.9 (2018高考浙江卷) Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.10. (2017高考浙江卷) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _ (I),” says Pahlsson.11. (高考全国 I ) On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.12. (高考全国 I ) A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _ (it) choking smog.查莉老师语法
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