专题29 完形填空之议论文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx

《专题29 完形填空之议论文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题29 完形填空之议论文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题29 完形填空之议论文类考点题型 技巧考向分析议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种体裁，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在于要抓住作者的论点。议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式：1. 开门见山，直接提出论点在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点，通过论证，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说，这种形式的议论文作

2、者态度明确，我们也能很容易地把握作者对某一件事的看法。2. 导入式提出论点在有些议论文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的观点，而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞扬或批评某一事物，进而提出自己的观点，然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。3. 水到渠成式得出结论在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象，而不是表明自己的观点，通过对具体现象的分析，最后自然得出结论，而此结论就是文章的论点。议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。考点导航由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明文，因此，它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点，比如：时态较为统一，多用现

3、在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体，英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式：1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子与英语说明文相比，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点，因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气，让步状语从句和情态动词can，could，may，might，would，should等。2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词，常用的包括：since （既然），now that（既然），

4、therefore（因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），because（因为），so（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中，比如： It follows that（因而），If，we may conclude that（如果，我们可以这样下结论）， Should it be the case（如果是这样的话），Idont want to，but（我并不想，但是）， If you admit，then（如果你承认，那么），It is true that，but（诚然，但是）， Even

5、if（即使）等。3.使用重复。英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。4.使用倒装倒装是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.5.使用转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：1. 从首尾句入手，抓住中心议论文的写作思路一般为：提

6、出问题分析问题解决问题。因此，文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见，我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句，推测出文章的中心，从而理解全文。2. 紧扣信息词，把握作者观点考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点，而是对某个事物的介绍或描述，然后用信息词，如but，however，yet等将自己的观点引出，因此，阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。3. 从语境入手，确定逻辑关系句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on the one hand, o

7、n the other hand, as a result, as a consequence, on the contrary, above all, first of all, secondly, finally, in case等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语，而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中，这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。4. 理清文章的论点、论据和结论如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话，只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说来，能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点与论据相辅相承，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如

8、果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点自相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性，我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清楚为止，然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。【题型分析】【题型一根据首段或首句】All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years . Its the age when we have to deal with the most 36_ in our life . This transition(过渡） from childhood t

9、o adulthood is 37_ for some , but rough for others . The most important thing about being a teenager is 38_ . When we are teenagers , we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.36.A.chances B. changes C. feelings D. expectations37.A.smooth B. practical C. demanding D. necessary38.

10、A.knowledge B. independence C. confidence D. responsibility【题型二作者观点和态度】You do not have to train yourself 6_ to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.What really matters is 7_, not intensity(强度）of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weeke

11、nds. 6.A.hard B. everywhere C. carefully D. late7.A.time B. length C. form D. frequency【题型三结合论点】There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places. Wed all be in 54 _if we hadnt banded together .The American Dream I believe in now is a shared

12、 one. Its not so much about what I can get for myself ; its about 55_we can all get by together54.A.yards B. shelters C. camps D. cottages55.A.when B. what C. whether D. how检测训练1、My car sweeping past the green pastures(草地), I felt the cool breeze on my face,eyes closed. The breeze felt refreshingly

13、1 and gave me a 2 of newly defined freedom and happiness. The breeze suddenly came to ahalt 3 the car stopping due to a bit of traffic 4 by the grazing of some cute lambs.Climbing out of the car in excitement,I 5 I was in a new world, 6 my only companion was the sparkling beauty of nature all around

14、 me. Standing there, I 7 understood the meaning of freedom! In this fast paced world,where smartphones are a(n) 8 and life without internet might just be the next step to insanity(疯狂), weve 9 the simple pleasures in life.Just 10 for a moment to ask yourself 11 its been since youve justsatdown for a

15、while, doing absolutely 12 yet feeling perfectly happy and contented!People tend to find happiness in commodities or 13 around them, but the perfect place to start searching for happiness is 14 within you!Happiness is like a 15 . It can be spread to others, if only we are willing to splash (撒) a few

16、 16 on ourselves! True happiness is said to be 17 when we are the 18 behind a persons beautiful smile and immense happiness!So the next time you see someone upset or feeling low, 19 them a bit of your time and support. It doesnt cost much, but doubles the happiness in your 20 !1. A. familiarB. newC.

17、 oldD. strange2. A. senseB. kindC. typeD. matter3. A. asB. sinceC. withD. for4. A. happenedB. occurredC. inventedD. created5. A. realizedB. thoughtC. recognizedD. discovered6. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what7. A. suddenlyB. finallyC. graduallyD. immediately8. A. necessityB. equipmentC. toolD. treasur

18、e9. A. conductedB. finishedC. rememberedD. forgotten10. A. waitB. stopC. holdD. stay11. A. how longB. how oftenC. how manyD. how much12. A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything13. A. thingsB. goodsC. dataD. basics14. A. correctB. rightC. properD. suitable15. A. riverB. wellC. springD. perfume

19、16. A. dropsB. bottlesC. piecesD. bags17. A. madeB. achievedC. developedD. grew18. A. possessionB. componentC. partD. reason19. A. bringB. takeC. lendD. give20. A. soulB. mindC. heartD. spirit2、It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected. In th

20、is respect, digital technologies have 41 our life.The possibility to be connected all the time has brought our personal space to a(n) 42 as weve known it. People have become so 43 in the world of networks that one can often be contacted even if theyd rather not be. Today we can talk, text and e-mail

21、, not only from our 44 , but from our mobile phones as well.Most people have become 45 on digital technology simply because it has become a necessary part of life, and at this point not 46 it would make them an social outsider. 47 , many jobs and careers require people to be connected. From this poi

22、nt of view, being reachable might feel like a 48 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.But solitude(独处) still can be possible for those who 49 want it. Computers can be 50 and mobile phones can be turned off. Of course, the choice to be “off” and “on” has many 51 as well

23、as disadvantages. When travelers end up 52 in mountains, and mobile phones can mean life or death, although they can also make people feel 53 and forced to answer unwanted calls.Actually, attitudes towards digital technologies as a society 54 widely. Some find them a gift. Others consider them a cur

24、se. Whether you like it or not, its hard to imagine what life would be like without the 55 in digital technologies.41. A. reshapedB. respectedC. ignoredD. preserved42. A. alarmB. stageC. endD. balance43. A. sensitiveB. intelligentC. considerateD. reachable44. A. neighborsB. computersC. friendsD. mon

25、itors45. A. impressedB. hardC. dependentD. focused46. A. findingB. usingC. protectingD. changing47. A. Also.B. Instead.C. Otherwise.D. Therefore.48. A. pleasureB. benefitC. burdenD. shame49. A. slightlyB. barelyC. merelyD. really50. A. sold outB. broken upC. shut downD. joined in51. A. aspectsB. adv

26、antagesC. weaknessesD. exceptions52. A. hiddenB. lostC. relaxedD. deserted53. A. trappedB. excitedC. confusedD. amused54. A. varyB. ariseC. spreadD. exist55. A. hopesB. testsC. interestsD. achievements3、The lazy beach vacations and study-abroad years are gone because of the pandemic （流行病）. Many, who

27、 believe travel is in their genes, find it 71 to be kept in the same place for so long. My friend James is one of them and is growing bored and upset, 72 for the old travelling days. How to pull through the depressing situation? There are many ways to answer the question, but “ being 73 is not one o

28、f them.People always have a strong 74 to be on the go. However, it shows our true ability when that demand cant be 75 instantly. Travel is a good way to meet new people and 76 new things, but we have 77 if we cant make it.We can go off the 78 path and travel in the off-season. By connecting with com

29、munities and spending our money in ways that support 79 , it will be a more meaningful way to 80 the differences that make the world colorful.We can plan a trip instead while we cant 81 be there. “Expectations play a 82 role in our life. And our future mindedness can be a source of 83 if we know goo

30、d things are 84 In every way, travel is a great thing to 85 , ” said Matthew Killingsworth, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. So 86 a trip is nearly as enjoyable as actually taking one. Making plans is its own 87 It makes us remember there is a big, 88 world out there.Many of us, me inc

31、luded, have taken what we have for granted. Tom Swick, a travel writer, tells me he 89 to view travel as a routine. Now, I look forward to experiencing it as a 90 , ” says he.71. A. unbearableB. unpredictableC. unreliableD. uncertain72. A. headingB. competingC. switchingD. longing73. A. optimisticB.

32、 activeC. desperateD. hesitant74. A. pressureB. sorrowC. fancyD. desire75. A. reservedB. satisfiedC. explainedD. ignored76. A. experienceB. recoverC. riskD. provide77. A. curiosityB. alternativesC. advancesD. regret78. A. hiddenB. brokenC. beatenD. frozen79. A. hobbiesB. sheltersC. fictionsD. locals

33、80. A. refuseB. appreciateC. decreaseD. avoid81. A. mentallyB. rarelyC. physicallyD. merely82. A. negativeB. mildC. valuelessD. significant83. A. concernB. chaosC. independenceD. joy84. A. off the trackB. in the wayC. around the comerD. to the point85. A. look forward toB. look down onC. look out fo

34、rD. look back at86. A. cancelingB. plottingC. adjustingD. denying87. A. rewardB. focusC. priceD. form88. A. frighteningB. rollingC. appealingD. resting89. A. usedB. hopedC. agreedD. wanted90. A. serviceB. giftC. trendD. play3、One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. Howeve

35、r, life can be 1 when you are not busy finding fault with it.Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly self

36、-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 5 person.Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 6. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent th

37、e whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 10. It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather t

38、han to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when were honest, we can be sharply 15 of the world. Im not suggesting you 16 problems, or that you pretend things are 17 than they a

39、re, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are 18 most of the time, and especially when its not a really big 19.Train yourself to bite your tongue, and with a little 20, youll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, youll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.1.

40、A. lonelyB. greatC. quietD. uneasy2. A. receivedB. answeredC. expectedD. rejected3. A. threatenedB. interruptedC. botheredD. spoiled4. A. anythingB. everythingC. somethingD. nothing5. A. caringB. boringC. interestingD. surprising6. A. attitudeB. planC. measureD. explanation7. A. urgentB. unnecessary

41、C. certainD. impossible8. A. occasionB. eventC. accidentD. adventure9. A. memoryB. noticeC. evidenceD. choice10. A. hearB. contributeC. expressD. admit11. A. aware ofB. afraid ofC. curious aboutD. confused about12. A. discussB. realizeC. judgeD. settle13. A. familyB. lifeC. careerD. education14. A.

42、soB. orC. butD. for15. A. proudB. sureC. hopefulD. critical16. A. faceB. createC. solveD. ignore17. A. rarerB. betterC. strangerD. worse18. A.at leastB.at lastC.by farD.so far19. A. taskB. dealC. resultD. duty20. A. practiceB. speechC. restD. pity5、Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill th

43、at would ban businesses from going cashlessa move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would 1 resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as unfair.Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they dont use cash during a typical week of purchases

44、, according to the Pew study released this week. The findings reveal life that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring 2 in Sweden, India and China. But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops do that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the com

45、munity behind individuals without the 3 to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would 4 internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push 5 efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York and Philadelphia. 6 cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft