名校试题43份阅读理解CD篇合集（原卷版）.docx

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1、阅读理解CD篇（名校试题43题）一(2023届江苏省苏北四市一调试题）Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how

2、they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring(后代).Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environme

3、ntal clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportu

4、nities to reproduce.”Because plants dont have neural(神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular(细胞的),molecular(分子的),and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory(体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environment

5、al condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli.These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offsp

6、ring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence(序列),”he says. “This is especially important when we conside

7、r the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.”28What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons?AThey have shortened their flowering time.BThey have got more chances to reproduce.CThey have avoided flowering

8、in cold seasons.DThey have adjusted their environmental clock.29What can we learn about somatic memory?AIt is entirely based on neural networks.BIt can help the plants offspring to survive.CIt can help relieve environmental stresses.DIt disturbs the plants biochemical networks.30What does the underl

9、ined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4?AAdjusting.BTreasuring.CRecording.DSharing.31Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?APlants are smart about flowering timeBPlants can also adapt to climate changeCEnvironmental stresses challenge plantsDMysteries of plant genes are to be un

10、folded二(2023届江苏省苏北四市一调试题）This year, in March, I jumped into a heated pool in Califomia to meet a dolphin named Delle. As I approached her, Delle turned towards me and became playful, greeting me by splashing me with her beak. Delighted, I reached out to pat her shiny skin. It felt rubbery, which was

11、 the main giveaway that Delle the dolphin was a robot.Just as fake(假的)animals are becoming very realistic,its becoming increasingly less acccptable to use live animals for entertainment purposes. Documentaries like Blackfish (2013)and The Cove (2009) have exposed some of the horrific treatment and s

12、uffering of occan mammals. The resulting public protest has made aquariums(水族馆)controversial, attracting less visitors.Arguably，entertaining people with captive(圈养的)animals is vital for animalconservation. Many zoos and aquariums actively try to promote conservation efforts byproviding educational e

13、xperiences and encouraging interest in the natural world. This type of entertainment is useful, because it inspires people to care.At first, this seems like a reason to avoid replacing the animals with technology. However, research in the rapid-developed field of human-robot interaction is showing a

14、stonishing resultson engagement with robots that can imitate lifelike behaviour. When physically interactive,robots attract a lot of attention. People tend to treat them like theyre alive,even though theyknow perfectly well theyre just machines.If we start to replace the animals in our theme parks w

15、ith machines, will this trend decreaseour wonder for the natural world? A bunch of people expressed negative gut reactions(本能反应)after I posted video of the robot dolphin on Twitter. And yet, I dont believe that using this robotanimals will cause us to forget the worth of living creatures.32Why does

16、the author mention Delle in paragraph 1?ATo share a special experience.BTo promote rubbery dolphins.CTo draw attention to robot animals.DTo describe a dolphin preformance.33What can we learn about live animals in zoos?AThey are cruelly treated.BThey make zoos popular.CThey are well entertained.DThey

17、 deserve conservation.34What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AReasons for replacing animals with robots.BBenefits of entertaining people with robots.CResearch results on interaction with robots.DPublic concerns over engagement with robots.35Whats the authors attitude to replacing animals with machines?A

18、Favorable.BIntolerant.CDoubtful.DUnclear.三(2023届江苏省南京市第一中学第一次模拟考试)Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots called “microrollers” that can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells. T

19、he team drew inspiration for the design of the robots from white blood cells in the human body, which can move along the walls of blood vessels (血管) against the direction of blood flow.The microrollers are round and made from glass microparticles. One half of the robot was coated with a thin magneti

20、c nanofilm (磁性纳米膜) made from nickel and gold. The other half was coated with the cancer drug doxorubicin as well as molecules that recognize cancer cells.The team tested the robots using mouse blood and artificial channels lined with human endothelial cellsthe kind of cells that line the inner walls

21、 of our blood vessels. The robots were exposed to a mixture of cancerous and healthy tissue. The microrollers selectively attached to the cancer cells and were activated using UV light to release the doxorubicin.By applying magnetic fields, the team was able to control the movement of the microrolle

22、rs, both with and against the flow of blood. The microrollers can reach a speed of up to 600 micrometers per second. “If you come to a spot where you need to take the right path and if you miss it, then you could go back and go to the right one,” says Setti.In future, the researchers want to use oth

23、er methods to start the drug release, such as heat or near-infrared light. They also plan to try making microrollers out of materials that would break down in the body over a few weeks or months.The team hopes to test the microrollers in animals soon. “The rollers need to carry enough cancer drugs,

24、which is why we need to have them in large numbers,” says Setti. “But since we can locally take drugs to the right target, we dont need huge dosages (剂量).”28What can the microrollers be used for?ARepairing blood cells.BDelivering drugs.CImproving blood flow.DPerforming operations.29What does Paragra

25、ph 2 mainly tell us about the microrollers?ATheir shape.BTheir advantage.CTheir design.DTheir application.30What can we learn about the robots from Paragraph 4?ATheir direction can be adjusted.BThey might miss the target cells.CThey might get stuck in the blood.DTheir speed can change automatically.

26、31What will the scientists probably do next?APut the microrollers to clinical use.BSell the microrollers in large quantities.CTear the microrollers down in the body.DExperiment with the microrollers further.四 (2022重庆第一次联合诊断,D)Nature has developed the emotional state we call anger to help us stay ali

27、ve. Anger energizes us to prepare us for action. It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite. When we feel energized by anger, we might ask ourselves how we put this energy to the most productive use.Perhaps the most helpful thing to remember about anger is that it is a secondary e

28、motion. A primary feeling is what is felt immediately before we feel angry. We might first feel afraid, attacked, offended, trapped, or disrespected. If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger. Generally speaking, secondary feelings do not identify the unmet emotio

29、nal need. When all I can say is “I feel angry”, neither I nor anyone else knows what would help me feel better. A helpful technique, then, is to always identify the primary emotion.Assume someone wants us to do something we prefer not to do. At first, we feel a little pressured, but not enough to ge

30、t angry. When they keep pushing us, we begin to get irritated. If they continue, we get angry. Such anger damages relationships.If we feel angry, it is evident that we feel strongly about something. Instead of saying “I cant believe how irresponsible she is. What a coldhearted, evil witch she is.”,

31、a more productive response is: “Am I really upset by this? Why does it bother me so much? What specifically am I feeling?” From the answers, we can decide to pick the best one to calm the anger. As soon as we “upshift” and begin to think about our options and their consequences, we start to feel mor

32、e in control and less threatened. We get out of the automatic stimulusresponse mode and realize that we have choices.There is a quote from Viktor E. Frankl that goes like this: “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space.lies our growth and our freedom.”1.Whats the authors attitud

33、e towards anger?A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Doubtful.D.Negative.2.What can we know about anger?A.It reflects ones intense feeling.B.It refers to a minor emotion.C.It can identify emotional need.D.It surely causes a violent reaction.3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with?A.What questions we ask about a

34、nger.B.How we respond to anger.C.How we develop growth and freedom.D.When we consider the consequence.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Ways to know about anger.B.Reasons to arouse anger.C.Managing anger in a good way.D.Calming anger at the right time.五 (2022广东深圳二调,C)Endangered polar bears are breed

35、ing (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that gr

36、owing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids arent better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hyb

37、rids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears decline: Their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 3

38、0 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears highly specialized diets.“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, re

39、ferring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could bea tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for th

40、em. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.“Were having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, pizzly bears

41、could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”1.Why do polar bears move further south?A.To create hybrids.B.To expand territory.C.To relieve hunger.D.To contact grizzlies.2.What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents?A.Broader habitats.B.

42、More food options.C.Climate preference.D.Improved breeding ability.3.What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to?A.A rare chance.B.A critical stage.C.A positive factor.D.A constant change.4.Whats the main idea of the text?A.Polar bears are changing diets for climate cha

43、nge.B.Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.C.“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.D.“Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.六 (2022重庆第一次联合诊断,C)Norway just hit a record in its move to gradually stop using cars that rely on fossil fuels.More than

44、9 in 10 new cars sold there in September were either electric or rechargeable hybrids, according to the Norwegian Information Council for Road Traffic, or OFV. Of all new passenger cars sold so far in 2021, less than 5% are gaspowered. A slightly smaller percentage use diesel (柴油). The sales numbers

45、 push Norway closer to meeting its national goal of transitioning to an entirely zeroemission (零排放的) fleet of new cars by 2025an initiative the government backs with tax incentives (激励).Several factors are driving record numbers of Norwegian drivers to choose electricity over gas or diesel power, in

46、cluding new technology that has eased customers anxiety about electric vehicles range. But money is a main concern.Norway has long encouraged people to adopt electric vehiclesand it does so by using a carrot so large that its essentially also a stick.Electric cars are exempt (免除) from the 25% valuea

47、dded tax (VAT), for instance. Theyre also exempt from environmental pollution taxes that buyers of gas and diesel vehicles must pay. “The purchase tax for all new cars is calculated by a combination of weight, CO2 and NOx emissions,”the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association says. “The tax is progre

48、ssive, making big cars with high emissions very expensive.” Other sweeteners include a lot of autorelated fees that are reduced or totally canceled, from ferry rides to parking. And companies can get a tax break for each electric vehicle. Overall, Norway is seeing a rapid increase in passenger cars this yearmore than 35% higher than in 2020. With electric car sales booming, the future of the VAT exemption has been the top subject for political debate this year, as lawmakers look at how