城市污水处理技术.pptx

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1、Urban sewage treatment technology(English coursewREPORTING目 录introductionOverview of Urban Sewage Treatment TechnologyPhysical processing technologyBiochemical treatment technologyDeep processing technologySludge treatment and disposalOperation and management of urban sewage treatment plantsPART 01i

2、ntroductionREPORTINGResidential waste water01 Coming from residential areas,containing detergents,soaps,and other pollutants.Commercial waste water02 Generated from commercial activities,including restaurants,hotels,hospitals,etc.It contains grease,oil,and other pollutants.Industrial waste water03 G

3、enerated from industrial production processes,containing a variety of pollutants such as suspended solids,dissolved solids,heavy metals,and organic matter.The Source of Urban Sewage03Water reuse Treating urban sewage can make water clean and safe for reuse in irrigation,industrial cooling,and other

4、purposes.01Environmental protection Treating urban sewage can reduce the pollution of water bodies and protect the ecological environment.02Public health Treating urban sewage can remove pathogenic bacteria and viruses,reducing the risk of water-borne diseases.The Necessity of Urban Sewage Treatment

5、PART 02Overview of Urban Sewage Treatment TechnologyREPORTING Removal of large solids and floating debris from raw sewage.Inlet Pretreatment Sedimentation of heavier solids to remove about 30%of the organic matter.Primary Treatment Biological treatment using microorganisms to consume organic matter

6、and convert it into harmless by-products.Secondary Treatment Additional treatment steps that may include filtration,disinfection,and nutrient removal.Tertiary TreatmentThe Basic Process of Sewage TreatmentThe Main Methods of Sewage TreatmentConventional Sewage TreatmentTypical primary and secondary

7、treatment methods.Advanced Sewage Treatment(AST)Enhanced methods that provide better effluent quality,including nutrient removal and disinfection.PhytoremediationUse of plants and their associated microorganisms for water purification.Constructed WetlandsSimulated natural wetlands for wastewater tre

8、atment.Meeting discharge limits and effluent standards.Regulatory RequirementsCostEnergy ConsumptionEnvironmental Impact Capital and operational costs of the technology.The amount of energy required for the operation of the treatment system.The impact on the environment during operation,sludge dispo

9、sal,and water reuse potential.Selection Criteria for Sewage Treatment TechnologyPART 03Physical processing technologyREPORTINGSedimentation Basics Sedimentation is a natural process in which solid particles in water settle to the bottom.This technology uses this principle to remove solids from waste

10、water.Advantages Simple and cost-effective.It can handle large volumes of water.Disadvantages Efficiency depends on particle size and density,and may not remove all suspended solids.Sedimentation Technology Filtration uses a porous medium to trap particles,removing solids and some dissolved pollutan

11、ts.Filtration Principles Include sand filtration,membrane filtration(microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis).Types of Filtration Primarily used for drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater.ApplicationsFiltration TechnologySeparation Methods Include flotation,electro

12、coagulation,and centrifugation.Flotation A process in which air bubbles attach to suspended particles,lifting them to the surface where they can be removed.Electrocoagulation Uses electricity to create charged particles that coagulate with pollutants,causing them to settle or float for removal.Centr

13、ifugation Uses centrifugal force to separate suspended solids from water.Separation TechnologyPART 04Biochemical treatment technologyREPORTING总结词The activated sludge process is a common method of treating wastewater,using microorganisms to break down organic matter.详细描述In the activated sludge proces

14、s,wastewater is mixed with microorganisms and air,forming a suspension of microorganisms called activated sludge.The microorganisms consume the organic matter in the wastewater,converting it into carbon dioxide,water,and new microorganisms.The activated sludge is then separated from the cleaned wate

15、r.Activated Sludge Process总结词The biofilm method involves the use of fixed biofilms to treat wastewater.要点一要点二详细描述In the biofilm method,microorganisms attach to surfaces in a reactor and form a biofilm.The wastewater flows through the reactor,and the microorganisms in the biofilm consume the organic

16、matter in the wastewater.The cleaned water is then discharged,while the biofilm remains attached to the reactor surface.Biofilm Method总结词The anaerobic biological treatment technology uses anaerobic microorganisms to breakdown organic matter in wastewater.详细描述In the anaerobic biological treatment tec

17、hnology,the wastewater is mixed with anaerobic microorganisms in an anaerobic reactor.The microorganisms break down the organic matter in the wastewater into methane,carbon dioxide,and other byproducts.The cleaned water is then discharged,and the methane can be recovered for energy use.Anaerobic Bio

18、logical Treatment TechnologyPART 05Deep processing technologyREPORTINGSummary:Disinfection treatment is essential to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and ensure water quality.Disinfection TreatmentDetailsCommon disinfection methods include chlorination,ozonation,and UV irradiation.Chlorination is

19、 the most widely used method,but it may produce harmful byproducts.Disinfection TreatmentDisinfection TreatmentOzonation is effective against a wide range of microorganisms,but it is expensive.UV irradiation is a physical method that does not produce harmful byproducts,but it requires a high initial

20、 investment.Summary:Removing nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial to reduce eutrophication and improve water quality.Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal TechnologyDetailsPhosphorus can be removed by chemical precipitation or biological removal methods.Chemical precipitation involves adding lime or alum to

21、 precipitate phosphorus,while biological removal uses microorganisms to absorb and degrade phosphorus.Denitrification is a common method to remove nitrogen,using anaerobic bacteria to convert nitrate into nitrogen gas.Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal TechnologySummary:Advanced oxidation technology is

22、 used to degrade refractory organic pollutants and remove harmful substances.Advanced Oxidation TechnologyDetailsAdvanced oxidation processes include ozonation,UV/H2O2,and photoelectrochemical oxidation.Ozonation can degrade organic pollutants,but it may produce harmful byproducts.Advanced Oxidation

23、 TechnologyUV/H2O2 uses UV light and hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals for oxidation,but it requires a high energy input.Photoelectrochemical oxidation uses semiconductors to generate electrons and holes for oxidation and reduction reactions,respectively.Advanced Oxidation TechnologyPA

24、RT 06Sludge treatment and disposalREPORTINGSludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment processes,mainly composed of organic matter,suspended solids,and microorganisms.The characteristics of sludge vary depending on the source of the wastewater and the treatment process used.Sludge may contain pat

25、hogenic bacteria,viruses,heavy metals,and other harmful substances.The Source and Characteristics of SludgeTreatment Methods for SludgeThis method involves separation of solid and liquid fractions,thickening,dewatering,and stabilization of the sludge.Chemical treatmentThe use of chemicals such as li

26、me,ferric chloride,or polymers to improve sludge settling,dewatering,and stabilization.Biological treatmentThis method uses microorganisms to degrade organic matter in the sludge,reducing its volume and improving its stability.Physical treatment要点三Landfill disposal The sludge is transported to a lan

27、dfill site for disposal.This method is简便，but may cause pollution and odor problems.要点一要点二Agricultural utilization The sludge is applied to farmland as a fertilizer,providing nutrients to plants.However,the sludge must be well-treated to ensure safety.Thermal disposal The sludge is incinerated at hig

28、h temperatures to destroy organic matter and reduce the volume of the sludge.This method requires a high energy input and may emit harmful gases.要点三Disposal and Utilization of SludgePART 07Operation and management of urban sewage treatment plantsREPORTINGCentralized Treatment This mode involves the

29、collection of sewage from various sources,transporting it to a central location,and treating it there.It is the most common mode and suitable for dense urban areas.Decentralized Treatment Also known as on-site treatment,this mode treats sewage at its source,usually individual dwellings or small comm

30、unities.It is suitable for scattered dwellings or remote areas.Combined Treatment This mode combines centralized and decentralized treatment.It is suitable for large urban areas where both centralized and decentralized sewage treatment plants are required.Operation Mode of Sewage Treatment PlantEner

31、gy-saving Equipment Using energy-efficient equipment such as pumps,blowers,and mixers can reduce energy consumption.The use of biological processes in sewage treatment can reduce energy requirements compared to physical or chemical processes.Capturing energy from biogas generated during the anaerobi

32、c digestion of sewage can be used for generating electricity or heating.Regular maintenance and servicing of equipment can ensure optimal performance and reduce energy losses.Biological ProcessesEnergy RecoveryRegular MaintenanceEnergy Efficiency Management of Sewage Treatment PlantsWater Quality St

33、andards:Plants must meet set water quality standards to ensure treated water is safe for discharge into the environment.Emission Standards:Plants must adhere to set limits on emissions of gases,solids,and other materials that may contaminate the atmosphere during treatment.Waste Management:Plants mu

34、st have proper waste management practices in place to handle solid waste,sludge,and other materials generated during treatment.Permits and Approvals:Operating a sewage treatment plant requires obtaining necessary permits and approvals from regulatory authorities to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.Environmental Regulations and Standards for Sewage Treatment PlantsTHANKS感谢观看REPORTING