原版英语RAZ 教案(U) Animal Discoveries.pdf

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1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.AFRICAEUROPEAUSTRALIANORTH AMERICAATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANINDIAN OCEANASIASOUTH AMERICAAnimal DiscoveriesA Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:1,203LEVELED BOOK UORUWritten by Karen MocklerAnimal DiscoveriesAnimal Discove

2、rieswww.readinga-Written by Karen MocklerAnimal DiscoveriesPhoto Credits:Front cover(top left),page 14:Wildlife Conservation Society/AP Images;front cover(top right),pages 7,8(top):Tim Laman/National Geographic Creative;front cover(bottom left):Inaki Relanzon/NPL/Minden Pictures;back cover(top right

3、),page 13:Handout/Reuters/Landov;back cover(bottom left),page 10:Trond Larsen;title page:WaterFrame/Alamy;page 4:ZUMA Press,Inc./Alamy;page 5(top):REUTERS/Hart JA,Detwiler KM,Gilbert CC/PA;page 5(bottom):WWF/Splash News/Corbis;page 6(all):Chien Lee/Minden Pictures;page 8(bottom):Thomas Marent/;page

4、9:Rogerio Bertani;page 11:David Shale/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 12:CI/photo by Mark ErdmannTitle page:The psychedelic frogfish,discovered in 2009 in Indonesia,hops rather than swims.It pushes off the seafloor with its fins and pushes water out from its gills.Animal DiscoveriesLevel U Leveled Book Lea

5、rning AZWritten by Karen MocklerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Monkey Mania .5Freaky,Fabulous Frogs .6Furry Finds .8Interesting Invertebrates .9Underwater Wonders .11Hiding in Plain View .13Whats Next?.15Glo

6、ssary .16IntroductionQuestion:If you wanted to discover a new animal species,where would you look?Answer:In places nobody has looked before.Many newly discovered species are found on expeditions to remote corners of Earth.Other species may be discovered under a microscope.A species DNA can set it ap

7、art from other species that may look the same.Some new life forms,though,are found in places people pass by every day.Scientists discover more than 15,000 animal species each year.Thats about 1 percent of the more than 1.5 million species we know about already.At the same time,extinction is wiping o

8、ut species at record rates around the globe.So each new species is an exciting and important discovery.1 Democratic Republic of Congo:lesula monkey2 Colombia:Caquet titi monkey3 Borneo:Matang narrow-mouthed frog4 New Guinea:long-nosed tree frog,blossom bat5 Madagascar:Goodmans mouse lemur6 Brazil:Sa

9、zimas tarantula7 Brazil,Amazon Rainforest:troll-haired planthopper8 Atlantic Ocean:Gorgons head starfish9 Indonesia:walking bamboo shark0 Ecuador and Colombia:olinguitoa Cambodia:Cambodian tailorbirdWhere Were They Found?152087394aAUSTRALIAASIAAFRICAEUROPESOUTH AMERICANORTH AMERICAPACIFIC OCEANINDIA

10、N OCEANATLANTIC OCEANThe Bonaire banded box jellyfishs scientific name is Tamoya ohboya.The name was chosen in a contest.The winner said most people would say“Oh boy!”when seeing the jellyfish.6Animal Discoveries Level U56Monkey ManiaIn 2007,a new species of monkey was identified in the remote fores

11、ts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.The lesula has large,expressive eyes.It is described as shy and quiet.The first one found by scientists was being kept as a girls pet.The lesula was the first new species of monkey found in twenty-eight years.Yet in 2010,scientists found another new monkey

12、by listening to its complex calls.The Caquet titi monkey lives in the Amazon jungle of Colombia,along with about twenty other species of titi monkey.What sets it apart from other titi monkeys is its bushy red beard and the absence of a white bar on its forehead.Another unique feature of this species

13、:Its babies purr like cats.A healthy population of these monkeys should be in the thousands.However,fewer than 250 Caquet titi monkeys are thought to exist today.So the newly discovered titi monkey is already considered endangered.Freaky,Fabulous FrogsNo bigger than a pea,the Matang narrow-mouthed f

14、rog is one of the smallest known frogs in the world.It was discovered on Borneo,an island in Southeast Asia,in 2010.Although examples of these frogs are found in century-old museum collections,scientists simply thought they were juveniles of a different species.They learned otherwise when they heard

15、 the frogs calling at dusk from pitcher plants.Since only adult frogs make calls,scientists concluded that these tiny frogs must be full-grown.lesula monkeyCaquet titi monkeyDo You Know?Pitcher plants are important to the Matang narrow-mouthed frog.Female frogs deposit their eggs on the sides of the

16、 pitcher,and tadpoles grow in the liquid that gathers inside the plant.Narrow-mouthed frog tadpoles in a pitcher plantMatang narrow-mouthed frogAnimal Discoveries Level U78Do You Know?Lemurs are only found in Madagascar.A herpetologist discovered another frog species,the long-nosed tree frog,during

17、an expedition to the Foja Mountains of New Guinea in 2010.The area is so remote,and so recently explored,that it has been nicknamed the “Lost World.”This tree frog is notable not for its size but rather for its long,unique nose.When the male frog calls,its nose points upward like a spike.When the fr

18、og is done calling,its nose falls.No one knows why.The frog has a nickname:the Pinocchio frog.The herpetologist spotted it sitting on a bag of rice in his campsite.Furry FindsAnother find from the same 2010 Foja Mountains expedition was the blossom bat.Although bats are mammals,this one has been cal

19、led the“hummingbird of the bat world.”It uses its long tongue to drink nectar from the flowers of rainforest trees.A 2005 expedition to another islandMadagascaruncovered Goodmans mouse lemurs.Not much bigger than mice,these tiny lemurs jump around in the trees at night.In the daytime,they sometimes

20、sleep in vacant birds nests.When the blossom bat feeds on nectar,it also helps pollinate the flower,which can then make seeds to grow new plants.The long-nosed tree frog is also known as the spike-nosed tree frog.Goodmans mouse lemursAnimal Discoveries Level U910Interesting InvertebratesScientists e

21、stimate that vertebratesanimals with backbonesrepresent only 3 percent of all species.They include those species that are the most familiar(and similar)to us:amphibians,reptiles,birds,fish,and mammals.The remaining 97 percent of animal species known to science are invertebratesanimals without backbo

22、nes.Tarantulas can be one of the more frightening invertebrates.Theyre big and hairy,come in about nine hundred species,and are predators.The largest species can kill small mammals,lizards,and birds.Sazimas tarantula,however,has a special beauty.Its dark blue body almost glows.This fantastic arachni

23、d has an extremely limited habitat,only living high in the mountains of Brazil.The“troll-haired”planthopper,discovered in 2013 in the rainforest of South America,may not be good-looking,but at least it has good hair.The wild hair isnt hair at all,but instead waxy secretions from the insects belly.Wh

24、en a predator attacks,the“hair”breaks off,and the planthopper can jump to safety.Thats the theory,anyway.Scientists arent sure yet.Sazimas tarantulas are only found in the tabletop mountains of Brazil.These mountains have a different climate than the surrounding area.Like most insects,planthoppers g

25、o through stages of development.This young planthopper is just beginning to develop wings.Animal Discoveries Level U1112Underwater WondersScientists discovered the Gorgons head starfish in 2010,about half a mile(800 m)beneath the surface of the North Atlantic Ocean.The Gorgons head,a species of bask

26、et star,has five curly,branching arms that split off from its body.The five arms include as many as five thousand tips.The tips help this basket star feed on plankton and shrimp floating by in the water.It also uses its arms to walk along the seabed.They even protect the animal when its disturbed by

27、 curling around it to form a tight ball.Since Earths oceans are vast,large portions have yet to be explored.However,thats not the reason it took until 2013 to discover the walking bamboo shark.Like most sharks,the walking bamboo shark is no threat to humans.It lives off the coast of Indonesia.Scient

28、ists discovered it because its coloration differs from that of other bamboo sharks.This new species is thought to reach about 30 inches(80 cm)in length.It uses its fins to push itself along the ocean floor in search of food.The wiggling movement makes it look as though the shark is walking.Because t

29、hese sharks are so rare,the government of Indonesia is taking steps to protect them.The Gorgons head starfish is named for the Gorgons from Greek mythology.These creatures had hundreds of snakes on their heads instead of hair.The walking bamboo shark has different patterns of spots and bands than ot

30、her bamboo sharks.Animal Discoveries Level U1314Hiding in Plain ViewThe olinguito(oh-lin-GEE-toh)managed to escape notice for so long by being mistaken for something else.In 2013,researchers discovered that for more than a hundred years,the olinguito had been wrongly identified.This mammal,which loo

31、ks a lot like a teddy bear,leaps through trees at night.The smallest member of the raccoon family,the olinguito can be found in Ecuador and Colombia.It is the first species of this type to be discovered in the Americas in thirty-five years.Finding new species of birds is almost as rare as finding ne

32、w mammals.Finding one in a major city is rarer still.Yet in 2009,researchers discovered the Cambodian tailorbird in and around Phnom Penhincluding in the middle of a road construction site.A detailed set of tests revealed that this tailorbird was a separate,new species.Besides studying its genes and

33、 feathers,scientists studied its pretty song.While all tailorbirds warble,no two species sound quite the same.Sure enough,the song of the Cambodian tailorbird sets it apart from all the rest.Mistaken IdentityHumans may encounter an unidentified species for years while mistaking it for a familiar spe

34、cies.This often happens because the two species look the same,at least on the outside.These are called cryptic species.They are only found to be distinct when scientists study their genetic code.As DNA technology is used more and more,reports of distinct new species are on the rise.Olinguitos have s

35、maller,rounder faces and shorter tails than the olingos,which they were mistaken for.The Cambodian tailorbird is hard to find because it lives in dense brush.Animal Discoveries Level U1516Whats Next?Scientists continue to amaze us by finding new species.Estimates of just how many animal species fill

36、 our planet vary widely.However,experts agree that most have yet to be discovered.Those animals we have discovered highlight some challenges.For instance,many species have tiny populations.Human activity causes many species to face small and shrinking habitats.Yet each new discovery is also cause fo

37、r hope.It can spark a renewed effort to save and even restore a habitat.That,in turn,can save the rare and surprising animals that live there,both those we know about and those we dont know about .yet.GlossaryDNA(n.)a code that carries genetic information about a living thing;abbreviation of deoxyri

38、bonucleic acid(p.4)endangered(adj.)in danger of dying out completely(p.5)extinction(n.)the process by which an entire group of animals or plants dies out(p.4)genes(n.)basic units of heredity that transfer traits from one generation to the next(p.14)habitat(n.)the natural environment of a plant or an

39、imal(p.9)herpetologist(n.)a scientist who studies reptiles and amphibians(p.7)juveniles(n.)young people or other animals that have not reached maturity(p.6)population(n.)all the members of one species in a particular area(p.5)rare(adj.)not happening very often;uncommon(p.12)remote(adj.)distant or is

40、olated(p.4)secretions(n.)substances,usually liquids,produced and released by a plant or animal(p.10)1 Insects 88,5982 Plants 23,6043 Arachnids 12,7514 Fungi 11,9845 Crustaceans 7,0706 Mollusks 5,9497 Bacteria 4,4178 Fish 3,5879 All other 18,351Souce:Retro SOS 20002009:A Decade of Species Recovery in Review;International Institute for Species ExplorationNumber of Species Discovered by Type 20002009123456789Animal Discoveries Level U