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1、PuffinsWritten by Kira FreedLEVELED BOOK QQTWPuffinsA Reading AZ Level Q Leveled BookWord Count:932WritingIs it important to protect puffins?Take a stand.In a letter to your local newspaper,describe your position,including details from the book.SciencePick one of the puffin types to research.Make a

2、poster showing its habitat accurately.Include interesting facts about the puffin.ConnectionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-PuffinsLevel Q Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL QN3030Fountas&PinnellReading

3、 RecoveryDRAFront and back cover:A group of Atlantic puffins nests on Bird Island,near Labrador,Canada.Title page:A horned puffin is sometimes called a“sea parrot”because of its colorful beak.Page 3:A horned puffin tries to land on a rock in the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.Photo Credits

4、:Front cover,back cover:Rolf Hicker/All Canada Photos/Corbis;title page:Alan Murphy/BIA/Minden Pictures;page 3:Jason O.Watson/age fotostock;page 4(left):Barry Bland/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 4(right):Steve Estvanik/123RF;page 5(main):Alex Mustard/2020Vision/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 5(inset):REX USA/H

5、uw Evans/Rex;page 6:Ron Erwin/All Canada Photos/Corbis;page 7(left):Wayne Lynch/All Canada Photos/Corbis;page 7(right):Aleksandar Todorovic/D;page 8(left):Alaska Stock Images/National Geographic Creative;page 8(right):Westend61 GmbH/Alamy;page 9(left):Matthias Breiter/Minden Pictures;page 9(right):R

6、ick&Nora Bowers/Alamy;page 10(left):Graham Eaton/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 10(right):NatPar Collection/Alamy;page 11:Maximilian Buzun/D;page 12:Bousfield/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13:Kira Freed;page 14:courtesy of Bill Scholtz;page 15:Cyril Ruoso/Minden PicturesPuffinswww.readinga-Written by Kira FreedH

7、ow does the appearance of each species of puffin change during its breeding season?Why do these changes occur?Focus Questionbreeding seasonburrowclimate changecoastalmatenesting groupsspinestuftedwebbedWords to Know34Table of ContentsSea Clowns .4Meet the Puffins .5Puffin Habits .11 Protecting Puffi

8、ns .13Seeing Puffins .15 Glossary .16Sea ClownsIf youve ever seen a puffin,youre not likely to forget it.Even if you havent,you probably know what these charming birds look like.Their plump little bodies,black and white feathers,and huge,colorful beaks are funny and unusual.Their appearance is just

9、one of the reasons people enjoy watching and learning about them.Puffins are nicknamed“clowns of the sea.”Puffins Level Q34Table of ContentsSea Clowns .4Meet the Puffins .5Puffin Habits .11 Protecting Puffins .13Seeing Puffins .15 Glossary .16Sea ClownsIf youve ever seen a puffin,youre not likely to

10、 forget it.Even if you havent,you probably know what these charming birds look like.Their plump little bodies,black and white feathers,and huge,colorful beaks are funny and unusual.Their appearance is just one of the reasons people enjoy watching and learning about them.Puffins are nicknamed“clowns

11、of the sea.”Puffins Level Q56Meet the PuffinsPuffins are seabirdsbirds that spend most of their lives on the open ocean.They are skillful swimmers that zoom through the water using their wings as flippers and their feet to steer.They can dive 100 feet(30 m)or more and stay underwater for about half

12、a minute.Puffins also fly well and can walk with ease over rocks and soil.Puffins live in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans.From mid-spring through summer,they live in nesting groups on islands and coastal cliffs.During this time of year,the breeding season,they“dress up”to attract a mate.

13、They have large,colorful beaks,areas of white feathers,and extra feathers for decoration.Also,their webbed feet become bright orange.The rest of the year,while at sea,they are mainly black,white,and gray.The four types of puffins each have features that help people tell them apart.Puffins swim as if

14、 theyre flying underwater.When puffins fly,they flap their wings as fast as 400 beats per minute.Do You Know?The scientific name for the Atlantic puffin is Fratercula arctica,which is Latin for“little brother of the north.”One of the largest Atlantic puffin colonies is in the Labrador Sea,near Canad

15、a.Puffins Level Q56Meet the PuffinsPuffins are seabirdsbirds that spend most of their lives on the open ocean.They are skillful swimmers that zoom through the water using their wings as flippers and their feet to steer.They can dive 100 feet(30 m)or more and stay underwater for about half a minute.P

16、uffins also fly well and can walk with ease over rocks and soil.Puffins live in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans.From mid-spring through summer,they live in nesting groups on islands and coastal cliffs.During this time of year,the breeding season,they“dress up”to attract a mate.They have

17、large,colorful beaks,areas of white feathers,and extra feathers for decoration.Also,their webbed feet become bright orange.The rest of the year,while at sea,they are mainly black,white,and gray.The four types of puffins each have features that help people tell them apart.Puffins swim as if theyre fl

18、ying underwater.When puffins fly,they flap their wings as fast as 400 beats per minute.Do You Know?The scientific name for the Atlantic puffin is Fratercula arctica,which is Latin for“little brother of the north.”One of the largest Atlantic puffin colonies is in the Labrador Sea,near Canada.Puffins

19、Level Q78Atlantic puffins live on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean.They are the smallest puffins and the least fancy when they are“dressed up.”Their beak has a bright orange tip and a blue-gray part trimmed in yellow.They have orange feet and a white face,chest,and belly.Adult male and female

20、puffins of each type look alike,but the males may be a bit larger.Young puffins look like non-breeding adults.Horned puffins live in the North Pacific Ocean,mainly south of the Arctic Circle.During the breeding season,they look like Atlantic puffins with their white face,chest,and belly.However,they

21、 have a yellow(instead of blue-gray)area at the base of their beak.They also have a thin group of black“eyelashes”above each eye.The eyelashes make horned puffins look as though theyre wearing makeup.Adult Atlantic puffins are 10 to 12.5 inches(25 to 32 cm)tall.Adult horned puffins average 15 inches

22、(38 cm)tall.breeding plumagenon-breeding plumagebreeding plumagenon-breeding plumageAtlantic PuffinHorned PuffinPuffins Level Q78Atlantic puffins live on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean.They are the smallest puffins and the least fancy when they are“dressed up.”Their beak has a bright orange

23、tip and a blue-gray part trimmed in yellow.They have orange feet and a white face,chest,and belly.Adult male and female puffins of each type look alike,but the males may be a bit larger.Young puffins look like non-breeding adults.Horned puffins live in the North Pacific Ocean,mainly south of the Arc

24、tic Circle.During the breeding season,they look like Atlantic puffins with their white face,chest,and belly.However,they have a yellow(instead of blue-gray)area at the base of their beak.They also have a thin group of black“eyelashes”above each eye.The eyelashes make horned puffins look as though th

25、eyre wearing makeup.Adult Atlantic puffins are 10 to 12.5 inches(25 to 32 cm)tall.Adult horned puffins average 15 inches(38 cm)tall.breeding plumagenon-breeding plumagebreeding plumagenon-breeding plumageAtlantic PuffinHorned PuffinPuffins Level Q910Tufted puffins are found on both sides of the Nort

26、h Pacific Ocean.They live as far north as Alaska and as far south as Japan and central California.In contrast to Atlantic and horned puffins,tufted puffins have a black chest and belly.In winter,theyre black with large red-orange beaks.During the breeding season,they have a white mask,an olive-yello

27、w beak section,and orange eye rings.Also,they grow long gold feathers above their eyes.Rhinoceros auklets are less well known than the other puffins.They also look very different.For this reason,they are sometimes thought to be close cousins instead of actual puffins.“Rhinos”live along the Pacific c

28、oast of North America and along the coast of Asia near Japan.During the breeding season,their thin yellow-orange bill has a short“horn”at the base.Rhinos are dark brown on their back and lighter brown on their chest and belly.They have two thin stripes of white feathers on each side of their head.Ad

29、ult tufted puffins average 15 inches(38 cm)tall.Adult rhinoceros auklets average 13.8 to 15 inches(35 to 38 cm)tall.breeding plumagenon-breeding plumagebreeding plumagenon-breeding plumageTufted PuffinRhinoceros AukletPuffins Level Q910Tufted puffins are found on both sides of the North Pacific Ocea

30、n.They live as far north as Alaska and as far south as Japan and central California.In contrast to Atlantic and horned puffins,tufted puffins have a black chest and belly.In winter,theyre black with large red-orange beaks.During the breeding season,they have a white mask,an olive-yellow beak section

31、,and orange eye rings.Also,they grow long gold feathers above their eyes.Rhinoceros auklets are less well known than the other puffins.They also look very different.For this reason,they are sometimes thought to be close cousins instead of actual puffins.“Rhinos”live along the Pacific coast of North

32、America and along the coast of Asia near Japan.During the breeding season,their thin yellow-orange bill has a short“horn”at the base.Rhinos are dark brown on their back and lighter brown on their chest and belly.They have two thin stripes of white feathers on each side of their head.Adult tufted puf

33、fins average 15 inches(38 cm)tall.Adult rhinoceros auklets average 13.8 to 15 inches(35 to 38 cm)tall.breeding plumagenon-breeding plumagebreeding plumagenon-breeding plumageTufted PuffinRhinoceros AukletPuffins Level Q1112Puffin HabitsPuffins usually return from the sea in late March or early April

34、.During the breeding season,they often live in groups of several thousand birds.They usually stay with the same mate and return to the same nesting sites year after year.Once they return,each pair prepares a burrow.Then the female lays a single egg.Some types of puffins dig burrows in soft soil.Othe

35、rs make nests in openings between rocks on cliffs.Parents take turns keeping the egg warm.Both parents feed the chick for one to two months until it can fly.Puffins become adults at around five years of age.They can live for twenty years or more.Puffins mainly eat small fish.In winter,when fewer fis

36、h are available,they may also eat squid,shrimp,crabs,and other small animals.Adult puffins eat underwater.They also collect fish to take back to their chicks.Puffins can carry fifteen or more fish in their beak at a time.They hold the fish with their rough tongue and spines on the roof of their mout

37、h.Wowser!Puffins have been seen carrying sixty or more fish at a time.A newly hatched puffin is called a puffling!Puffins can“stack”an average of ten fish at a time.Puffins Level Q1112Puffin HabitsPuffins usually return from the sea in late March or early April.During the breeding season,they often

38、live in groups of several thousand birds.They usually stay with the same mate and return to the same nesting sites year after year.Once they return,each pair prepares a burrow.Then the female lays a single egg.Some types of puffins dig burrows in soft soil.Others make nests in openings between rocks

39、 on cliffs.Parents take turns keeping the egg warm.Both parents feed the chick for one to two months until it can fly.Puffins become adults at around five years of age.They can live for twenty years or more.Puffins mainly eat small fish.In winter,when fewer fish are available,they may also eat squid

40、,shrimp,crabs,and other small animals.Adult puffins eat underwater.They also collect fish to take back to their chicks.Puffins can carry fifteen or more fish in their beak at a time.They hold the fish with their rough tongue and spines on the roof of their mouth.Wowser!Puffins have been seen carryin

41、g sixty or more fish at a time.A newly hatched puffin is called a puffling!Puffins can“stack”an average of ten fish at a time.Puffins Level Q1314Protecting PuffinsHumans have hunted puffins for hundreds of years for their meat,eggs,and feathers.In some places,these seabirds are still hunted.Humans a

42、lso put puffins in danger in other ways.They catch large numbers of the cold-water fish that puffins eat.Warmer ocean water because of climate change also means less food for puffins.Some types of fish that are now common are too big for chicks to eat.Puffins also get caught in fishing nets,and they

43、 are hurt by pollution and swallowing plastics.Humans have bothered many of their nesting areas.Puffins are also in danger because of other animals that hunt them,including gulls,eagles,rats,and foxes.In places where puffins live,people are working to solve the problems so these amazing seabirds can

44、 stay alive.Meet a Puffin ExpertIn the early 1970s,wildlife scientist Dr.Stephen Kress visited Eastern Egg Rock,a small island off the coast of Maine.Atlantic puffins had lived there one hundred years earlier.Dr.Kress wondered if it might be possible to bring them back.He started Project Puffin and

45、figured out how to bring the birds back to Eastern Egg Rock.As of 2014,the island had 148 breeding pairs.Project Puffin is sponsored by the National Audubon Society,which works to protect birds,other wildlife,and their habitats.To learn more about Project Puffin,visit the programs website:http:/proj

46、ectpuffin.audubon.org/.Dr.Steve KressA tufted puffin patiently waits for fishor admires its own reflection in the water!Puffins Level QMaineNorth AmericaEastern Egg Rock Island1314Protecting PuffinsHumans have hunted puffins for hundreds of years for their meat,eggs,and feathers.In some places,these

47、 seabirds are still hunted.Humans also put puffins in danger in other ways.They catch large numbers of the cold-water fish that puffins eat.Warmer ocean water because of climate change also means less food for puffins.Some types of fish that are now common are too big for chicks to eat.Puffins also

48、get caught in fishing nets,and they are hurt by pollution and swallowing plastics.Humans have bothered many of their nesting areas.Puffins are also in danger because of other animals that hunt them,including gulls,eagles,rats,and foxes.In places where puffins live,people are working to solve the pro

49、blems so these amazing seabirds can stay alive.Meet a Puffin ExpertIn the early 1970s,wildlife scientist Dr.Stephen Kress visited Eastern Egg Rock,a small island off the coast of Maine.Atlantic puffins had lived there one hundred years earlier.Dr.Kress wondered if it might be possible to bring them

50、back.He started Project Puffin and figured out how to bring the birds back to Eastern Egg Rock.As of 2014,the island had 148 breeding pairs.Project Puffin is sponsored by the National Audubon Society,which works to protect birds,other wildlife,and their habitats.To learn more about Project Puffin,vi