原版英语RAZ 教案(Z) Prairies Alive!_DS.pdf

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1、www.readinga-Prairies Alive!Prairies Alive!A Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:1,966Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczLEVELED BOOK ZWritten by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczPrairies Alive!Level Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Alfred J.Smuskiew

2、iczAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page:Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures;back cover:Raymond Gehman/National Geographic Image Collection;page 3(top):James P.Blair/National Geographic Image Collection;page 3(bottom):Jupiter Images;page 4(top):Pierre Perrin/Sygma/Corbis;

3、page 4(middle):Ted Wood/Aurora Photos;page 4(bottom):Eddi Boehnke/Corbis;page 7:Richard Hamilton Smith/Corbis;page 8(top):Ron Spomer/Visuals Unlimited;page 8(bottom):Danny Warren/iStock Photos;page 9:Heidi Natura/Conservation Research Institute/USDA-NRCS-Illinois;page 10(inset):Photo by Jeff Vanuga,

4、USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service;page 10(main):Jim Richardson/National Geographic Stock;page 11:Samuel Strickler/D;page 12:National Biological Information Infrastructure;pages 13(main),19(both):Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures;page 13(left inset):John Cornell/Visuals Unlimited;page 13(righ

5、t inset):Tim Fitzharris/Minden Pictures;page 14:Charlie Nye/The Indianapolis Star/AP Images;page 15,16(middle and bottom):Jim Pisarowicz/National Park Service;page 16(top):Lynn Betts,USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service;page 17(top):Ohio Department of Natural Resources,Division of Natural Are

6、as&Preserves;page 17(bottom):David Cavagnaro/Visuals Unlimited;page 18(top):Barb Muenchau/National Park Service;page 18(bottom):Tui De Roy/Minden Pictures;page 20(top):Sumio Harada/Minden Pictures;page 20(bottom):Gary Kramer/NRCS/USDA;page 21(top):Michael Durham/Visuals Unlimited;page 21(middle left

7、):Barry Mansell/npl/Minden Pictures;page 21(middle right):Chris Mattison;Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis;page 21(bottom left):Mary Ann McDonald/Visuals Unlimited;page 21(bottom right):Courtesy of Washington Department of Fish&Wildlife;page 4(footer),5(footer),6(footer),7(footer),8(footer),9(footer)

8、,10(footer),11(footer),12(footer),13(footer),14(footer),15(footer),16(footer),17(footer),18(footer),19(footer),20(footer),21(footer),22,23(footer):Jupiter Imageswww.readinga-Prairies Alive!CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324Glossarybacteria(n.)one-celled organisms that so

9、metimes cause infections and disease(p.13)burrows(n.)holes or tunnels dug in the ground by an animal for use as a shelter (p.19)carnivores(n.)animals that eat only meat(p.12)drought(n.)a long period of time with very little rain(p.5)ecosystem(n.)a biological community of organisms together with thei

10、r habitat(p.12)forage(n.)hay,grain,grass,or other food for plant-eating animals(p.16)fungi(n.)small organisms that grow on organic material and produce spores(p.13)grazing(v.)the act of eating grass in a field (p.5)herbivores(n.)animals that eat only plants(p.12)interactions(n.)the relationships bet

11、ween living and non-living things(p.12)mammal(n.)a warm-blooded animal that has hair or fur,nurses its young,and has babies that are born live(p.21)nutrients(n.)substances in food or soil that organisms need to live,stay healthy,and grow(p.5)rodents(n.)small mammals that have large gnawing teeth tha

12、t continue to grow throughout the animals life(p.18)species(n.)a group of animals that are similar to one another and can breed(p.4)Indexbacteria,13bamboo,7,15,16big bluestem,11,16bison,11,16blazing stars,17buffalo grass,9,16carbon dioxide,12clover,12,17compass plant,17composites,17coyotes,20ecosyst

13、em,12,13fire,5,1012fox snake,18fox,12,20fungi,13grouse,18indigos,17legumes,17little bluestem,8,16massasauga,18northern harrier,19prairie dogs,19prairie kingsnake,18preserves,14prairies,mixed-grass,6,8,16 shortgrass,9,16,21 tallgrass,6,7pronghorn antelope,21Rocky Mountains,8side-oats grama,8,16soil,6

14、9,1113Prairies Alive!Level ZWritten by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczPrairies Alive!Level Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page:Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures;back cover:Raymond Gehman/National Geographic Image Collectio

15、n;page 3(top):James P.Blair/National Geographic Image Collection;page 3(bottom):Jupiter Images;page 4(top):Pierre Perrin/Sygma/Corbis;page 4(middle):Ted Wood/Aurora Photos;page 4(bottom):Eddi Boehnke/Corbis;page 7:Richard Hamilton Smith/Corbis;page 8(top):Ron Spomer/Visuals Unlimited;page 8(bottom):

16、Danny Warren/iStock Photos;page 9:Heidi Natura/Conservation Research Institute/USDA-NRCS-Illinois;page 10(inset):Photo by Jeff Vanuga,USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service;page 10(main):Jim Richardson/National Geographic Stock;page 11:Samuel Strickler/D;page 12:National Biological Information

17、Infrastructure;pages 13(main),19(both):Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures;page 13(left inset):John Cornell/Visuals Unlimited;page 13(right inset):Tim Fitzharris/Minden Pictures;page 14:Charlie Nye/The Indianapolis Star/AP Images;page 15,16(middle and bottom):Jim Pisarowicz/National Park Service;page 16

18、(top):Lynn Betts,USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service;page 17(top):Ohio Department of Natural Resources,Division of Natural Areas&Preserves;page 17(bottom):David Cavagnaro/Visuals Unlimited;page 18(top):Barb Muenchau/National Park Service;page 18(bottom):Tui De Roy/Minden Pictures;page 20(top

19、):Sumio Harada/Minden Pictures;page 20(bottom):Gary Kramer/NRCS/USDA;page 21(top):Michael Durham/Visuals Unlimited;page 21(middle left):Barry Mansell/npl/Minden Pictures;page 21(middle right):Chris Mattison;Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis;page 21(bottom left):Mary Ann McDonald/Visuals Unlimited;pag

20、e 21(bottom right):Courtesy of Washington Department of Fish&Wildlife;page 4(footer),5(footer),6(footer),7(footer),8(footer),9(footer),10(footer),11(footer),12(footer),13(footer),14(footer),15(footer),16(footer),17(footer),18(footer),19(footer),20(footer),21(footer),22,23(footer):Jupiter Imageswww.r

21、eadinga-Prairies Alive!CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324Glossarybacteria(n.)one-celled organisms that sometimes cause infections and disease(p.13)burrows(n.)holes or tunnels dug in the ground by an animal for use as a shelter (p.19)carnivores(n.)animals that eat only me

22、at(p.12)drought(n.)a long period of time with very little rain(p.5)ecosystem(n.)a biological community of organisms together with their habitat(p.12)forage(n.)hay,grain,grass,or other food for plant-eating animals(p.16)fungi(n.)small organisms that grow on organic material and produce spores(p.13)gr

23、azing(v.)the act of eating grass in a field (p.5)herbivores(n.)animals that eat only plants(p.12)interactions(n.)the relationships between living and non-living things(p.12)mammal(n.)a warm-blooded animal that has hair or fur,nurses its young,and has babies that are born live(p.21)nutrients(n.)subst

24、ances in food or soil that organisms need to live,stay healthy,and grow(p.5)rodents(n.)small mammals that have large gnawing teeth that continue to grow throughout the animals life(p.18)species(n.)a group of animals that are similar to one another and can breed(p.4)Indexbacteria,13bamboo,7,15,16big

25、bluestem,11,16bison,11,16blazing stars,17buffalo grass,9,16carbon dioxide,12clover,12,17compass plant,17composites,17coyotes,20ecosystem,12,13fire,5,1012fox snake,18fox,12,20fungi,13grouse,18indigos,17legumes,17little bluestem,8,16massasauga,18northern harrier,19prairie dogs,19prairie kingsnake,18pr

26、eserves,14prairies,mixed-grass,6,8,16 shortgrass,9,16,21 tallgrass,6,7pronghorn antelope,21Rocky Mountains,8side-oats grama,8,16soil,69,1113Prairies Alive!Level Z2122Pronghorn AntelopeThe fastest animal in North America is the pronghorn antelope,a long-legged,plant-eating mammal that lives on the sh

27、ortgrass prairie.The pronghorn can run as fast as 60 miles(96 km)per hourthats above the speed limit on most highways!The pronghorn stands about 40 inches (102 cm)high at the shoulders.Males have two black horns with hooklike prongs.A female,left,and male pronghorn antelopeFox snakeNorthern harrierG

28、ray foxMassasaugaTallgrass Prairie Preserves Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge,Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve,Kansashttp:/flinthills.fws.gov/http:/www.nps.gov/tapr/Goose Lake Prairie State Natural Area,Illinois http:/dnr.state.il.us/lands/landmgt/parks Living Prairie Museum,Manitoba(Canada)h

29、ttp:/www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/naturalist/livingprairie/Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge,North Dakota http:/www.fws.gov/tewaukon/Waubay National Wildlife Refuge,South Dakota http:/waubay.fws.gov/Shortgrass/Mixed-Grass Prairie Preserves Caddo and Lyndon B.Johnson National Grasslands,Texas http:/ww

30、w.fs.fed.us/r8/texas/recreation/caddo_ lbj/caddo-lbj_gen_info.shtml Comanche National Grassland,Colorado http:/www.fs.fed.us/r2/psicc/coma/National Bison Range,Montana http:/www.fws.gov/bisonrange/nbr/Prince Albert National Park,Saskatchewan(Canada)http:/www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/sk/princealbert/index_e.as

31、p Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge,Oklahoma http:/www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/oklahoma/wichitamountains/Prairies Alive!Level Z34What Are Grasslands?Have you ever been on a ship far out at seaor even in a boat in the middle of a large lake?In any direction you look,all you can see is water,right?N

32、ow imagine being in the middle of a sea of grass,surrounded by waves of green,golden,brown,and reddish grasses and multicolored flowers as far as the eye can see.This grassy sea is the home of hundreds of species of plants and animals.Different kinds of birds fly overhead,some swooping and diving fo

33、r prey that live their lives mostly hidden among the grasses on the flat or gently rolling landscape.Grasslands in South America are called pampas.Grasslands in South Africa are called veld.Grasslands in Asia are called steppes.Table of ContentsWhat Are Grasslands?.4Three Types of North American Gra

34、sslands.6The Importance of Fire.10The Prairie Ecosystem.12Preserving the Prairies.14Plants of the Prairies .15Animals of the Prairies.18Glossary.23Index.24Prairies Alive!Level Z34What Are Grasslands?Have you ever been on a ship far out at seaor even in a boat in the middle of a large lake?In any dir

35、ection you look,all you can see is water,right?Now imagine being in the middle of a sea of grass,surrounded by waves of green,golden,brown,and reddish grasses and multicolored flowers as far as the eye can see.This grassy sea is the home of hundreds of species of plants and animals.Different kinds o

36、f birds fly overhead,some swooping and diving for prey that live their lives mostly hidden among the grasses on the flat or gently rolling landscape.Grasslands in South America are called pampas.Grasslands in South Africa are called veld.Grasslands in Asia are called steppes.Table of ContentsWhat Ar

37、e Grasslands?.4Three Types of North American Grasslands.6The Importance of Fire.10The Prairie Ecosystem.12Preserving the Prairies.14Plants of the Prairies .15Animals of the Prairies.18Glossary.23Index.24Prairies Alive!Level Z2122Pronghorn AntelopeThe fastest animal in North America is the pronghorn

38、antelope,a long-legged,plant-eating mammal that lives on the shortgrass prairie.The pronghorn can run as fast as 60 miles(96 km)per hourthats above the speed limit on most highways!The pronghorn stands about 40 inches (102 cm)high at the shoulders.Males have two black horns with hooklike prongs.A fe

39、male,left,and male pronghorn antelopeFox snakeNorthern harrierGray foxMassasaugaTallgrass Prairie Preserves Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge,Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve,Kansashttp:/flinthills.fws.gov/http:/www.nps.gov/tapr/Goose Lake Prairie State Natural Area,Illinois http:/dnr.state.il

40、.us/lands/landmgt/parks Living Prairie Museum,Manitoba(Canada)http:/www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/naturalist/livingprairie/Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge,North Dakota http:/www.fws.gov/tewaukon/Waubay National Wildlife Refuge,South Dakota http:/waubay.fws.gov/Shortgrass/Mixed-Grass Prairie Preserve

41、s Caddo and Lyndon B.Johnson National Grasslands,Texas http:/www.fs.fed.us/r8/texas/recreation/caddo_ lbj/caddo-lbj_gen_info.shtml Comanche National Grassland,Colorado http:/www.fs.fed.us/r2/psicc/coma/National Bison Range,Montana http:/www.fws.gov/bisonrange/nbr/Prince Albert National Park,Saskatch

42、ewan(Canada)http:/www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/sk/princealbert/index_e.asp Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge,Oklahoma http:/www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/oklahoma/wichitamountains/Prairies Alive!Level Z1920Prairie DogsPrairie dogs live in western prairies,but they are not dogs.They are rodents that bark like

43、dogs!Prairie dogs live in groups of hundreds of animals called towns.They dig large systems of underground burrows where they run to hide when hawks,coyotes,or other enemies come near.These burrows can be 16 feet(5 m)deep.HawksSeveral kinds of hawks fly over prairies during the day searching for rod

44、ents,songbirds,and other prey.(Their role as flying hunters is taken over at night by owls.)The northern harrier(also called the marsh hawk)stands about 2 feet(61 cm)tall.It glides low over the ground as it hunts,calling“kee kee kee.”The northern harrier can fly as fast as 40 miles(64 km)per hour.Co

45、yotes and FoxesCoyotes,sometimes called prairie wolves,are about as large as a medium-sized dog.They usually weigh between 20 and 50 pounds(923 kg).Coyotes eat rodents,rabbits,dead animals,and fruit.They make spooky-sounding howls that can be heard at night.Foxes are smaller than coyotes.They usuall

46、y weigh between 8 and 15 pounds(47 kg).Like coyotes,foxes will eat just about anything they can catch.Both gray and red foxes can be found on prairies.A coyote mother with a squirrel shes caught.Swift foxes are one of the smallest foxes in North America.The burrows of a prairie dog town have entranc

47、e holes surrounded by mounds of dirt.A hawk and its chicks on a prairie nestPrairies Alive!Level Z56This is what a large,natural grassland is likeits not like turf in peoples yards,which is mostly one color,2-inches tall,and hiding not much more than insects.Not all grasslands are alike,either.Diffe

48、rent kinds of grasslands are found in North and South America,Europe and Asia,Africa,and Australiaevery continent on Earth except Antarctica.Grasslands usually grow in areas that get too much rain for deserts but not enough rain for forests.The main kinds of plants in grasslands are grasses,of cours

49、e.Did you know that not all grasses are the same?Hundreds of different species populate the worlds grasslands.One thing that most grasses have in common is that they are tough,hardy plants that can survive fire,heat,freezing,drought,and grazing.Can you think of anything else that could survive all o

50、f that?Grasses have roots that grow deep underground to find and take in water and nutrients.New plants can grow from these roots when the stems and leaves above ground die,such as when they are burned by fire or eaten by animals.Three Types of North American GrasslandsNorth American grasslands are