高一定语从句一和2学生.docx

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1、定语从句（一）一、 专题精讲定语从句是高考的重点，也是学生英语学习中的难点。从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择是多年来的主要考点。高考对定语从句的考查热点有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地点名词作先行词时，对where的运用；“介词 which / whom/whose”；定语从句与其他从句，如名词性从句、状语从句的区别，以及与强调句型的区别。要点储备一：定语从句的几个基本概念作用起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词There was an accident that /which happened at the street corner. (that /which 引导定语从句，从句置

2、于先行词an accident之后； that/which为关系代词，在从句中作主语) The reason why he was late for class was that he was caught in the traffic. (why引导定语从句，从句置于先行词the reason之后； why为关系副词，在从句中作原因状语)位置在一个名词或代词后面，或被某些状语分隔先行词被修饰的名词或代词关系词引导定语从句的词，分关系代词与关系副词。它的作用：一是放在先行词与定语从句中间，起连接作用；二是在从句中充当一个成分要点储备二：关系代词与关系副词的具体作用关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关

3、系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？whom, which和that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人,物主语I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father

4、works abroad is my deskmate.that人,物主语，宾语，表语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. Thi

5、s is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.when可用on /in which代替where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.where可用in /at which代替why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.why可用for which代替要点储备三：that与which, who与whom

6、的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等词修饰时3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4. 先行词既指人又指物时5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时The book that you offered has been given out.This is the best film t

7、hat I have ever read.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech？只用which, who, whom，而不用that的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2. 在由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人， whose表所属关系3. 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行

8、词为those, one, he时多用whoHe has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.要点储备四：as与which的区别定语从句区别例句在限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same或as, so修饰时，关系代词用as, 不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont re

9、ad such books as you cant understand.在非限制性定语从句中关系代词先行词含义位置典型句型例句as整个主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可As anybody can see, as is well knownas is known to all, as often happens，as has been said above，as is often the caseI am patient with my child, which my husband seldom is. She is a fine singer, as her mother used to

10、be. They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadnt expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980swhich1. 先行名词2. 部分主句内容3. 整个主句1. 相当于先行词2. 这一点( and that)只能在先行词之后从句为否定含义时，关系代词只能用which要点储备五：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句1. 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这

11、种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开2. 关系代词作从句宾语时，可省略The accident happened at the time when I left.The book(that/which) he lent to me was missing.非限制性定语从句1. 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。2. 从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that, why引导；任何关系代词或副词都不能省略3. 非限制性定语从句的适用情形：(1) 独一无二的词作先行词(2) 从句中表部分信息或包括所有时，如：., some/any/most/30%/one

12、/all/none of which/whom.His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.He has three sons, none of whom is a doctor.He fell ill suddenly, for which he didnt attend the meeting yesterday.He went to Beijing in 2003, where he became famous after seven years.重点突破七注意1 when, where与that/which的选用(1) 当先

13、行词是stay, period, interval, time, age, occasion等，从句中缺状语时，用when (2) 先行词是spot，sport，family，the Internet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地点名词，从句中缺状语时，用where(先行词是stage，可用where或when引导) (3) 从句中缺主语宾语时，用that/whichThe old man will never forget his stay there when he found his missing son. She broug

14、ht the police to the same spot where she witnessed the accident. Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. She put forward some conditions that/which she attached to the contract.2从句中谓语动词的数当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致Tom was one of the_boys who were_p

15、raised by the headmaster yesterday.Tom was the(only)_one of the boys who was_praised by the headmaster yesterday.I,_who am your teacher, will try to help you.3“介词关系代词”中介词的选择及其关系词的选择介词(1) 关系代词不能省略(2) 介词的选用与从句中谓语动词有关或与先行词有关或与整句语境有关(3) 此结构引导的定语从句可与“此结构 不定式”互换In the dark street, there wasnt a single per

16、son to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)Tom, in whose car I went to the station, is my good friend.Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.He has no money with which he can buy food. He has no money with which to buy food. He has no m

17、oney which to buy food with.4分隔定语从句(同位语从句)分隔定语从句与先行词之间被同位语、状语、谓语等成分分开(解题关键：移开分隔部分，找准先行词)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.(定语从句)The news came that our team won the match. (同位语从句)5特殊引导结构from where during which time in w

18、hich case since when (定语从句中用现在完成时) by when(定语从句中用完成时)He stood before the window, from where he watched his students playing football.He was born in World War ， during which time thousands of millions of people were killed.He may not come, in which case we will go there without him.He went to the cit

19、y in 2004, since when he has made great process in his career.They settled in Seatle last year, by when she had obtained a masters degree in economics.6从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择(1) 定语从句中缺状语时，用关系副词when, where, why；从句中缺主语、宾语时用关系代词that, which(2) the way作先行词时，从句中缺状语时用that, in which或不用任何关系词This is just the same pe

20、n that I lost yesterday.He returned to the same place where he had found his watch.The way (that/ in which ) he handled the problem was simple.The way (that/ which) he thought of to handle the problem was simple.7与其他从句以及并列句的区别与结果状语从句的区别This is such a heavy bag as I cant carry.This is such a heavy ba

21、g that I cant carry it.与并列句或独立主格结构的区别There are two holes, each of which was made by mice. There are two holes, each of them made by mice. There are two holes, and each of them was made by mice.My friend Mary may be ill, in which case I will visit her. My friend Mary may be ill, and in that case I wi

22、ll visit her. My friend Mary may be ill; in that case I will visit her.与名词性从句的区别As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.It is known to all that the compass was first made in China.What is known to all is that the compass was first made in China.与强调句型的区别It was at 7 oclock pm.that he c

23、ame back.(强调句型)It was 7 oclock pm.when he came back.(定语从句)二专题过关（一）：用适当的关系词填空1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spen

24、t with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake

25、?10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John

26、yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants

27、to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_you didnt like?23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This

28、 is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.（二）：单选1. (2014安徽卷)The exact year _ Angel

29、a and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. when B. Where C. why D. which2. (2014北京卷)I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A. who B. Which C. when D. where3. (2014福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they

30、can gain experience for growth.A. who B. When C. which D. where4. (2014江西卷)Among the many dangers _sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. What C. where D. when 5. (2014江西卷)It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A. t

31、hat B. As C. which D. when 6. (2014浙江卷)I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. when B. Where C. which D. why7. (2014江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impres

32、sion is a must.A. which B. When C. as D. where8. (2014湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where9. (2014山东卷)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. Whose C. who

33、 D. why 10. (2014四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.A. that B. Which C. who D. it1. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2008年。先行词是the exact year，后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which，在句中作宾语。2. 【答案】 B【解析】

34、 句意：上个星期我从图书馆里借了Sherlock Holmes，这是我的同学推荐给我的。本题考查的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes，在定语从句中which指代先行词并作为定语从句中的动词recommend的宾语。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在社区活动里他们能够获得成长的经验。本题考查定语从句，先行词是community activities，后面的定语从句they can gain experience for growth是主谓宾句子，并且结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导这个定语从句，where在句中相当于in whi

35、ch，充当状语。when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词。4. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：在海员面对的很多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾。本题考查定语从句，先行词是the many dangers，在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词，在句中作为动词face的宾语，也可以省略。5. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我的父亲把我叫醒并要我看足球赛的时候是在半夜。本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。本句容易错选A项，认为是强调句型，实际上the middle of the night不能单独作时间状语，如果在the middle of the night前面加上in，本题就可以选择A 项了。6.

36、【答案】 A【解析】 句意：直到五年级我才成为一个很认真的攀登者，在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。本题定语从句的先行词是the fifth grade，后面定语从句中主谓宾句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导定语从句，因为先行词表示时间，所以使用when。7. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：在日常交流中这本书帮了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句的主系表结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在从句中作状语，work是模糊化的地点名词，所以用where引导这个定语从句。8. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读这本书并理

37、解我对她的感情的那一天。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是the day，后面的定语从句主谓宾结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中作时间状语。9. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：一个利润来自国内市场的公司，其利润正在下滑的，也许可以开拓国外市场。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是a company，后面的定语从句中名词profits前面缺少定语修饰，所以使用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句，并在从句中作定语。whose profits相当于the profits of which。10. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：到现在为止，我们已经为贫穷的孩子募捐到了五万英镑，这一点是完全没有预料到的。本句中

38、的关系代词which指代前面主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。三、学法提炼1、专题特点：1)注重考查关系代词和关系副词的基本功能和用法；2)重点考查多种从句的区别，具体语境中的运用；3)题目在句意上紧跟时代，在结构上越来越复杂。2、解题方法：1）一找：找出先行词（在主句中找名词或代词）；2）二放：把先行词放到从句中；3）三判断：判断先行词在从句中所作的成分。3、注意事项： 1）准确掌握关系代词和关系副词的基本意义和用法；2）正确划分句子结构；3）结合语境选定所需要的关系词。定语从句（二）二、 专题精讲知识点1：关系代词和关系副词的选择例1：(1)Ill never forge

39、t the days_we worked on the farm years ago. Ill never forget the days_we spent on the farm years ago.(2)Pisa is a city_stands a leaning tower. Pisa is a city_has a leaning tower. (3)The reason_he was absent from the meeting was that his mother fell ill suddenly. The reason_he gave for his absence fr

40、om the meeting was that his mother fell ill suddenly. 例2：(1)Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago? A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone (2)Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld. A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone 例3：You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, _ is always busy at the weekend. A. t

41、hat B. where C. what D. which 例4：Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 例5：Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D

42、. which 知识点2：that和which的选择例1：He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what例2：He is the only person _ I want to thank.A. who B. whom C. whose D. /例3：Its one of the most interesting stories _I have _read.A. which, never B. that, ever C. that,

43、never D. which, ever 例4：Ill tell you _he told me last night.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 例5：Its the third time _in Nanjing this month.A. that you arrived B. which you arrived C. that youve arrived D. which youve arrived 例6：Who is the man _was there?A. who B. which C. that D. whom例7：Sh

44、anghai is no longer the city _it used to be.A.that B.which C.where D.as例8：Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt.A. that B. when C. which D. what知识点3：as和which的选择例1：Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.19. what B.which C.that D.when例2：_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 例3：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.