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1、Unit 12 Culture Shock单元语法（二）一一现在分词m课前自主领悟KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解一般时:主动语态/被动语态 现在分词的形式I完成时:主动语态/被动语态作定语现在分词现在分词的句法功能作表语作宾语补足语作状语现在分词的独立主格结构作状语现在分词独立成分作状语语法感悟单句语法填空1. It is difficult to imagine his accepting (accept) the decision without any consideration.2. The question being discussed (discuss) is of
2、great importance.3. The US house price has risen by 12. 4% over the 12 months to the end of July, completely ruining (ruin) his plan to buy another apartment.4. Not knowing (know) her address, I cant write to her.5. Having gaten (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn，t want to eat thereagain.m课堂语法
3、精讲KETANGYUFAJINGJIANG 现在分词是分词的一种，属于非谓语动词，在句子中不能单独作谓语，但具有动词特征, 可以有自己的宾语和状语，能充当其他的一些成分（定语、表语、补语和状语）。一、现在分词的形式现在分词的时态和语态形式如下：动词形式语法功能意义定语、 状语、 表语、 宾语补 足语与旬中主语构成逻辑主动式上的主谓关系，与渭doing语动作同时发生，或一般时基本上同时发生doing被动式定语、 状语、 宾语补 足语与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系，且与以do 为例being done谓语动作同时发生， 一般作原因状语置于 句首主动式只作 状语与句中主语构成逻辑having上的主
4、谓关系，先于完成时done谓语动作发生having done被动式 having been done只作 状语与旬中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系，先于 谓语动作发生否定形式:not +现在分词Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.沿着通向郊外的路前进，你就会走到一片密林处。Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart.虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.我
5、站在门旁，不敢说一句话。Having been seriously injured in the accident, he had to be taken to the hospital immediately.在事故中受伤很严重，他不得不被立即送往医院。口即学即用1单句语法填空1. The boy standing (stand) under the tree is my deskmate.2. The houses being built (build) now are for the teachers.3. Having tried (try) twice, he gave up ope
6、ning the door.4. Having been scolded (scold) by his mother, the boy sobbed in the corner of the room.5. Not knowing (know) his address, I can，t send him this book.二、现在分词的句法功能动词一ing形式除了在句中充当宾语(此时动词一ing形式为动名词)外，在句中还可作 定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。1 .作定语单个的现在分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语时一般放在被修 饰词之后，且往往可以用定语从句代替。He is
7、a promising young man.他是一个很有前途的青年。2 know the men (who are) sitting in that car.我认识坐在那辆汽车里的那些人。The meeting being held is very important.正在举行的会议很重要。现在分词和动名词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语表示所修饰的人或物的动作，而动名词则表示所修饰物的用途。现在分词动名词waiting car等待着的汽车waiting room 候车室working people 力动着的人民working method 工作方法sleeping children熟睡着的孩子s
8、leeping cars 卧铺车厢3 .作表语现在分词作表语是用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。The situation is encouraging.形势很令人鼓舞。The theory sounds quite convincing.这理论听起来很有说服力。现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质和特征，主语和表语的位置不可互换。动名词作 表语与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。The match we watched last night was very exciting.昨天晚上我们看的比赛很激烈。Iler hob
9、by is collecting stamps.她的爱好是收集邮票。4 .作宾语补足语现在分词通常作感官动词(watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, find, feel, smell 等)、表示状态的动词(keep, leave)或使役动词(get, have, make)的宾语补足语。此时，现 在分词和宾语的关系是主谓关系或主动关系；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的 持续。I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。L
10、ast night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主抓到一个小孩在商店里偷东西。5 .作状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语(句子的主语)之间为主谓关系，可以表示时间、原因、 结果、让步、条件、伴随、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他们都高兴地跳了起来。Being worn out, she went to bed early.因为非常疲惫，她早早睡了。Having been told many tim
11、es, he still repeated the same mistake.尽管已被告诉过许多次，他还是犯同样的错误。Working hard, you will surely succeed.如果学习努力，你一定会成功的。They sat round the table, talking and laughing.他们围坐在桌旁，边谈边笑。即学即用2单句语法填空1. The flowers smelling (smell) sweet in the botanical garden attract many visitors.2. They made a great effort to p
12、repare the exhibition, hoping (hope) to achieve a big success.3. Don，t leave the water running (run) while you brush your teeth.4. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.5. The train standing (stand) at platform 3 is for London.三、现在分词的独立主格结构作
13、状语如果作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语， 形成独立主格结构。独立主格结构由两部分组成，一部分是名词或代词，起着逻辑主语的作 用；一部分除现在分词外，还包括形容词、副词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等，表示其 逻辑主语(名词或代词)的动作、状态或状况。另外，多数独立主格结构还可以用with复合结构来表示。There being no buses, we had to walk home.因为没有公交车了，我们不得不步行回家。All audience having taken their seats, the play began.所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始。
14、四、现在分词独立成分作状语含有现在分词的独立成分，如 generally speaking, judging from/by, considering, supposing, taking sth. into consideration等，其形式不受上下文的影响，也不需要考虑 其逻辑主语同句子主语是否一致的问题。Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such games than girls.一般来说，男孩比女孩更喜欢这样的游戏。Judging from his expression, he was satisfied with our
15、 performance.从他的表情来看，他对我们的演出感到满意。即学即用3单句语法填空1. Weather permitting (permit), we，11 have a picnic next Sunday.2. The lecture having een given (give), a lively questionand answer session followed.3. The book being written (write) in simple English, the students found it easy or read.4. Taking (take) al
16、l things into consideration, their marriage is a happy one.5. Generally speaking (speak), the girl is a confident student.腌课后till练KEHOUXUNLIANI.单句语法填空1. Last Sunday, my cousin sent me an e-mail inviting (invite) me to his birthday party.2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering
17、(cover) the desert.3. He looked around and caught a man putting (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger.4. The girl looked at me with a puzzled expression. Maybe the problem was quite puzzling, (puzzle)5. As a new driver, I have to practise parking (park) the car in my small garage again and a
18、gain.6. I still remember being taken (take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.7. We walked as far as we could, hoping (hope) to catch the early bus.8. Having failed (fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead.9. He was busy writing a story, only stopping (stop) once in a whil
19、e to smoke a cigarette.10. It being (be) a fine day yesterday, we went out for a walk.n.完成句子1. I can，t stand working with Mary in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.我受不了和玛丽在同一个办公室工作，工作时她还不停地讲话。2. We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problem unsettled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了
20、会议，留下了很多问题未解决。3. If you are caught heating in exams, your parents will be called to school. 如果发现你在考试中作弊，就会把你的父母叫到学校来。4. Being poor in those days, they couldnt afford to send the child to hospital.那时他们那么穷，所以没钱送孩子上医院。5. Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.由口音判断，他一定是南方人。6. Do you know the number of people attending/comingto the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?
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