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1、Unit4ExploringliteratureExtendedreadingTheOldManandtheSea(Excerpt)1 11953年，海明威以老人与海一书获得普利策奖；1954年的老人与海又为海明威夺得诺贝尔文学奖。22 老人与海是美国作家_于1951年在_(地点)写的一篇中篇小说。围绕一位老年渔夫_，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。背景知识海明威古巴圣地亚哥老人与海这部小说是根据真人真事写的。第一次世界大战结束后，海明威移居古巴，认识了老渔民格雷戈里奥富恩特斯。1930年，海明威乘的船在暴风雨中遇难，富恩特斯搭救了海明威。从此，海明威与富恩特斯结下了
2、深厚的友谊，并经常一起出海捕鱼。1936年，富恩特斯出海很远捕到了一条大鱼，但由于这条鱼太大，在海上拖了很长时间，结果在归程中被鲨鱼袭击，回来时只剩下了一副骨架。海明威在老爷杂志上发表了一篇通讯在蓝色的海洋上报道这件事。当时这件事就给了海明威很深的触动，并觉察到它是很好的小说素材，但却一直也没有机会动笔写它。背景知识1950年圣诞节后不久，海明威产生了极强的创作欲，在在古古巴巴哈哈瓦瓦那那郊郊区区的的别别墅墅“观观景景社社”，他他开开始始动动笔笔写写老人与海。到到19511951年年2 2月月2323日日就就完完成成了了初初稿稿，前前后后仅仅用用了了八八周周。4 4月月份份海海明明威威把把手手
3、稿稿送送给给去去古古巴巴访访问问他他的的友友人人们们传阅，博得了一致的赞美。传阅，博得了一致的赞美。海海海海明明明明威威威威本本人人也也认认为为这这是是他他“这这一一辈辈子子所所能能写写得得最最好好的的一部作品！一部作品！”背景知识Readtheexcerptandanswer：1.Whatdoestheexcerptdescribe?2.Howmanytimesdidthefishswamaway?3.Howmanytimesdidtryittryitagain/oncemoreappearedinthelastthreeparagraphs?1 1Itdescribesthestruggl
4、ebetweentheoldmanandthefish.Theoldmanstruggledtoconquerthefishwhilethefishstruggledtoescape.2.2.Howmanytimesdidthefishswamaway?Para.4thefishpulledpartwayoverandthenrightedhimselfandswamawayPara.7ButagainthefishrightedhimselfandswamslowlyawayPara.13ThefishrightedhimselfandswamoffagainPara.15Hetriedag
5、ainanditwasthesame3.Howmanytimesdidtryitagain/oncemoretryitagain/oncemoreappearedinthelastthreeparagraphs?Para.12ButIwilltryitoncemoretryitoncemore.Para.13HetrieditoncemoretrieditoncemorePara14Illtryitagaintryitagain.Para15HeHetrieditagain.Iwilltryitonceagain.4Whatdidhefeel?(lines30-42)Hegotconfused
6、.Hisheadwas(1)_Hehadbeen(2)_Hefelthimself(3)_Hefelthimselfgoingbefore(4)_notclearnotclearonthepointofonthepointof feelinghimselffeelinghimselfgogogoinggoinghestarted5Whatdidhesay/think?(lines30-42)lines30-42)keepyourheadclear.(5)_(6)_Illtryitagain(7)_Clearup,head.clearupIdontknow,butIlltryitoncemore
7、.Illtryitonceagain.1.Whichwordcandescribethemoodoftheoldmanwhenhesaid“Imovedhim.Imovedhimthen”inPara.2?A.surprisedB.excitedC.angryD.sorry2.Howmanytimesdidtheoldmanpullthefishwithhisfullstrengthbutthefishswamaway?A.lessthantwiceB.lessthanthreetimesC.morethantwiceD.morethanthreetimes3.Whatsthepossible
8、meaningoftheword“strain”inPara.3?A.patienceB.willpowerC.strengthD.motivation4.WhatsthestyleofHemingwayswriting?A.conciseB.complicatedC.casualD.romantic5Whydidtheoldmankeeptalkingtohimselfwhilefightingagainstthefish?A.Torescuehimselffromgreatpressure.B.Toremindhimselfofthehiddendanger.C.Topreventhims
9、elffromfeelingtired.D.Togivehimselfconstantencouragement.6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthefisherman?A.Thefishermanseemedtobeplayingacat-and-mousegamewiththefish.B.Thefishermanshowedrespectforhisrival(对手)inthisfiercebattle.C.Thefishermanhasbeenfightingwiththefishforlong,whichmadehimanxiou
10、s.D.Thefisherman,experiencedashewasinfishing,nearlygotkilledonseveraloccasions.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceFish,youaregoingtohavetodieanyway?”(para5)A.Quiteafewfishermenwerechasingandhuntingthefish.B.Thefishhadbeenseriouslyinjuredandcouldntlivelong.C.Theoldmanhadmuchconfidenceincatch
11、ingthefish.D.Asamatteroffact,thefishwastoooldtoliveanylonger.Sowhatwouldyoudescribetheoldmanscharacter?Heisdeterminedandpositive.Which of the following words can best describe the old man?A.Ambitious B.AggressiveC.Strong-willed D.SympatheticReadandthinkaboutHemingwayswritingstyle“Imovedhim,”theoldma
12、nsaid.“Imovedhimthen.”Imovedhim,hethought.Hehadbeenonthepointoffeelinghimselfgoeachtime.hefelthimselfgoingwhenheturnedthefish.,andhefelthimselfgoingbeforehestarted.shortsimplerepetitionErnestHemingway(18991961),anAmericanwriterofnovelsandshortstories,iswellthoughtofiswellthoughtof forhisuniquewritin
13、gstyle.Heisextremely（极其；非常）goodatdescribingtheadventuresoftoughmenwhohebelieves“canbedestroyedoyedbutnotdefeated”.TheOldManandtheSea,oneofhismostimportantnovels,tells(讲述）thestoryofafishermannamedSantiago.Aftercominginempty-handedforeighty-fourdays,Santiagoattemptstocatchahugefish.欧内斯特海明威（18991961），美
14、国小说家、短篇小说作家，因其独特的写作风格而广受好评广受好评。他非常擅长描写硬汉们硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被击败”。老人与海是他最重要的小说之一，讲述了一个名叫圣地亚哥的渔夫的故事。在两手空空84天后，圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。bewell/highlythoughtof(bewell/highlythoughtof(forfor)(因因.).)被高度评价被高度评价empty-handedempty-handed adj.adj.一无所获的；空手的一无所获的；空手的attempttodosth.attempttodosth.试图做某事试图做某事辨析下列句中辨析下列句中t
15、hinkofthinkof的的含义含义IreallycantIreallycantthinkofthinkofhername.hername.WhatdoyouWhatdoyouthinkofthinkofhisspeech?hisspeech?WhoWhothoughtofthoughtoftheidea?theidea?LeiFengwasalwaysLeiFengwasalwaysthinkthinkingingofofothers.others.想起想起认为认为,评价评价想出想出关心关心1.Itriedtothinkaboutalltheproblemsthatwereaheadofm
16、etomorrow.我试着想我试着想考虑一下明天要面对的所有问题。明天要面对的所有问题。2.Thinkbacktoyourchildhoodandtrytoidentifyyourearliestmemory.回想一下你的童年，并试着找出你脑中最早的记忆。你的童年，并试着找出你脑中最早的记忆。3.Youshouldthinktwiceaboutemployingsomeoneyouvenevermet.雇用素不相识的人应雇用素不相识的人应三思而行。4.Shesaidsheneedstimetothinkitover.她说她需要时间她说她需要时间仔细考虑它。它。extremelyadv.极度，非
17、常extremeadj.极度的;极端的,严重的;过分的,偏激的;Thisspeciesisextremelyrare.Operationofthedeviceisextremelysimple.Theheatinthedesertwasextreme.Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalongwithextremecaution.非常非常地极端的极度的defeatvt.打败，战胜；使受挫；使困惑n.失败；击败；战胜Youmustlearntoacceptdefeatwithgoodgrace.你必须学会欣然承认失败。n.n.Hehandil
18、ydefeatedhischallengers.他轻而易举地打败了向他挑战的人。vt.vt.Theplayer(defeat)inthegame，buthedidntloseheart.wasdefeatedattemptvt.尝试；企图n.努力；尝试；企图attempttodosth.尝试/企图做某事makeanattempttodosth.尝试/企图做某事Carolinemadeafaintattemptatalaugh.卡罗琳勉强地勉强地笑了一下。Iwillattempttoanswerallyourquestions.我将努力回答努力回答你的全部问题。Thefishwascomingi
19、nonhiscirclenowcalmandbeautifullookingandonlyhisgreattailmoving.Theoldmanpulledonhimallthathecouldtobringhimcloser.Forjustamomentthefishturnedalittleonhisside.Thenhestraightenstraightenedhimselfandbegananothercircle.这时，那条鱼正绕着圈子绕着圈子（打着转）（打着转）游过来，（神态）平静而美丽，只有它那巨大的尾巴在动。老人用尽全力用尽全力拉拉它，想让它靠得更近些。有那么一会儿，那条鱼
20、有点侧着身子。然后，它正了正身体，开始转另一个圈。“Imovedhim,”theoldmansaid.“Imovedhimthen.”“我挪动它了，”老人说。“那时候我把它挪动了。”good-lookinggood-lookingadj.adj.好看的好看的plain-lookingplain-lookingadj.adj.相貌平平的；其貌不扬的相貌平平的；其貌不扬的pullonpullon拉扯拉扯turnalittleonhissideturnalittleonhisside 稍微侧身稍微侧身straightenhimselfhimself挺直身子身子（正了正身体）（正了正身体）pullon
21、himallthathecould(pullon)用尽全力拉Hefeltfaintagainnowbutheheldonthegreatfishallthestrainthathecould.Imovedhim,hethought.MaybethistimeIcangethimover.Pull,hands,hePull,hands,hethought.thought.HoldupHoldup,legs.Lastforme,head.Lastfor,legs.Lastforme,head.Lastforme.Youme.Youneverwent.ThistimeIllpullhimover.他
22、现在又感到头晕了，但他还是竭尽全力抓住这条大鱼。我抓住它了，他想。也许这次我能把他抓过来。手，快点手，快点拉，拉，他想。他想。腿，挺住。脑袋，拜托坚持住腿，挺住。脑袋，拜托坚持住。你你从来没有晕倒过。这次我要把它拉过来。fefeelelfaintfaint holdonget/pull.overget/pull.overhoholdupldupallthestrainstrainthathecouldYouYouneverneverwentwent.感到头晕感到头晕抓住；抓紧把把.弄过来弄过来支撑住支撑住用劲；使力用劲；使力你从来没有你从来没有晕倒晕倒过过。TheirmarriageisThe
23、irmarriageisundergreatstrainundergreatstrainattheatthemoment.moment.R Readinginabadlighteadinginabadlightwillwillstrainstrain youryoureyeseyes.strainn.压力vt.损伤Myhearingisstartingtogo.gogovi.vi.变坏，损坏，不起作用变坏，损坏，不起作用Butwhenheputallofhisefforton,startingitwelloutbeforethefishcameandpullingwithallhisstren
24、gth,thefishpulledpartwayoverandthenrightedhimselfandswamaway.但是，当他使尽平生力气，在鱼靠近之前就用尽全力拉线时，那鱼中途就挣扎着偏向一边，然后正正身子，游走了。句中partway作副词，“半途，部分地，一半半途，部分地，一半”。如：Theywerepartwaythroughthemeetingwhenshearrived.她到达的时候会议已经进行她到达的时候会议已经进行一段时间一段时间了。了。句中right作动词，“使回正常位置，把扶正”。如：Atlasttheplanerighteditselfandeveryonewassa
25、feandsound.最后，飞机终于恢复了平稳，大家都平安无事平安无事。putallofonesefforton使出浑身力气startitwellout用尽全力“Fish,”theoldmansaid.“Fish,youaregoingtohavetodieanyway.Doyouhavetokillmetoo?”anywayadv.无论如何；不管怎么样“鱼啊,”老人说,“鱼啊，反正你都要死。你非要把我也杀了吗？”Thatwaynothingisnothingisaccomplishaccomplisheded,hethought.Hismouthwastoodrytospeakbutheco
26、uldnotreachforthewaternow.Imustgethimalongsidealongsidethistime,hethought.Iamnotgoodformanymoreturns.Yesyouare,hetoldhimself.Youregoodforever.这样下去要一无所获了，他想。他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。我这次一定要把它拉到船边，他想。它再多转几圈，我就不行了。不，你行，他告诉自己。你永远都行。accomplishvt.完成reachfor伸手去拿Onthenextturn,henearlyhadhimhadhim.Butagainthef
27、ishrightedhimselfandswamslowlyaway.在接下来的一圈，他差差点点就把它拉过来了。但是这鱼又正了正身子，慢慢游走了。nearlyadv.几乎，差不多，大约Thatfevernearlyfinishedhimoff.那场发热几乎送了他的命。Heplaysgolfnearlyeveryweekend.他差不多每个周末都打高尔夫球。Theysatsoclosethattheirheadsnearlytouched.他们坐得那么近，头都差不多碰到一起了。Youarekillingme,fish,theoldmanthought.Butyouhavearightto.Nev
28、eragreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother.Comeonandkillme.Idonotcarewhokillswho.你快弄死快弄死我了，鱼啊，老人想。不过你有有权权权权这么做这么做。我从没见过从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。来来，杀了我吧。我不在乎谁弄死谁。havearighttodosth.有权利做某事NeverhaveIseen.=Ihaveneverseen.否定副词，如never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nosoon
29、er,nolonger,nowhere等这些含有否定意义的副词位于句首时，则其后要用部分倒装。NevershallItellhim.我永远不会告诉他。Seldomdoeshedoworkathome.他很少在家工作。Hardlydoesshehavetimetohaveacupofteawithherfriends.Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。Now you are getgetting confusedconfused in the head,hethought.You must keep y
30、our head clear.Keepyourheadclearandknowhowtosuffersufferlikelikeaamanman.Orafish,hethought.你现在脑子开始犯糊涂了，他想。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持头脑清醒，要像条汉子，懂得怎怎么么受受苦苦。或者像条鱼，他想。confusedconfusedadj.(感到)困惑的，糊涂的困惑的，糊涂的confuseconfusevt.使迷惑;使难于理解confusconfusingadj.令人困惑的；难懂的confusconfusionn困惑,混乱；混淆“Clearup,head,”hesaidinavoiceinavoi
31、ce（that/which)that/which)hecouldhardlyhear.“Clearup.”Twicemoreitwasthesameontheturns.confuseAwith/andBconfuseAwith/andB把把A A和和B B相混淆相混淆beconfusedbysth.beconfusedbysth.被被搞糊涂了搞糊涂了get/becomeconfusedget/becomeconfused困惑，不知所措困惑，不知所措inconfusioninconfusion困惑困惑地地；困窘；困窘地地“清醒起来，脑袋，”他用用自己都几乎听不见的的声声音音说，“清醒起来。”那
32、鱼跟之前一样，又转了两圈。Idonotknow,theoldmanthought.Hehadbeenonthepointoffeelinghimselfgoeacheachtimetime.Idonotknow.ButIwilltryitoncemore.我不明白，老人想。每次每次他都觉得自己就快要不行了。我不明白。但我还要再试一次。beonthepointofdoingsth.when.正要做某事，突然.beabouttodosth.when.feeloneselfgo感觉自己快不行了go是die的委婉说法Hewasonthepointofsayingsomething_thephonera
33、ng.他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。whenHetrieditoncemoreandhefelthimselfgoingwhen he turned the fish.The fish righted himselfand swam off again slowly with the great tailweavingintheair.Illtryitagain,theoldmanpromised,althoughhishandsweremushynowandhecouldonlyseewellinflashes.他又试了一次，当他把鱼拉转过来时，他感觉自己快不行了。鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开
34、，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。我要再试一下，老人答应自己，尽管他的双手这时已经软弱无力，而且大部分时间双眼都看不清。weave迂回穿行，编迂回穿行，编糊状的，软而稠的flashn.闪光，闪现withthegreattailweavingintheair是“with宾语宾语补足语”结构，在句中作伴随状语。该结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等情况。Withwinterapproaching，itstimetobuysomewarmclothes.Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withsomanyproblemsinhismind,he
35、cantsleepwellatnight.with复合结构的构成with宾语adj.adv.介词短语doing(宾语和宾语补足语为主动关系，表示动作正在进行)done(宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，表示动作已完成)todo(不定式表示的动作尚未发生)1._,wecanttakeourvacationwhenwewantto.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。2.Theboystoodthere_.这个男孩低头站在那儿。3.Theboyrushedintotheroom,withhisface_.那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。4.Icantgooutwithallthese_.所有这些碟子
36、都要洗,我不能出去。Withthechildrenthechildrenatschoolwithhisheadhisheaddowncoveredwithsweatwithsweatdishesdishestowashinflashes/inaflash=veryquickly;atonce;immediatelyHerealisedthathewasdoingithimself,andinaflashheunderstoodthesituation.他意识到他自己在做这件事，刹那间他明白了情况。Theanswerhadcometohiminaflash.他一下子就有了答案。Hetrieditagainanditwasthesame.Sohethought,andhefelthimselfgoingbeforehestarted;Iwilltryitonceagain.他又试了一次，依然如故。还没动手他就感觉要不行了，他这样想，我还要再试一次Thanks
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