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1、 Lesson 1 Section One:News in Brief 1.Freed American hostage,David Jacobsen,appealed today for the release of the remaining captives in Lebanon,saying Those guys are in the hell and weve got to get them home.Jacobsen made his remarks as he arrived at Wiesbaden,West Germany,accompanied by Anglican Ch

2、urch envoy,Terry Waite,who worked to gain his release.And Waite says his efforts will continue.Jacobsen had a checkup at the air force hospital in Wiesbaden.And hospital director,Colonel Charles Moffitt says he is doing well.Although Mr.Jacobsen is tired,our initial impression is that he is physical

3、ly in very good condition.It also seems that he has dealt with the stresses of his captivity extremely well.Although Jacobsen criticized the US governments handling of the hostage situation in a videotape make during his captivity,today he thanked the Reagan Administration and said he was darn proud

4、 to be an American.The Reagan Administration had little to say today about the release of Jacobsen or the likelihood that other hostages may be freed.Boarding Air Force One in Las Vegas,the President said,Theres no way to tell right now.Weve been working on that.Weve had heart-breaking disappointmen

5、ts.2.Mr.Reagan was in Las Vegas campaigning for Republican candidate,Jim Santini,who is running behind Democrat,Harry Reed.3.In Mozambique today a new president was chosen to replace Samora Machel who died in a plane crash two weeks ago.NPRs John Madison reports:The choice of the 130-member Central

6、Committee of the ruling FRELIMO Party was announced on Mozambique radio this evening.He is Joaquim Chineseano,Mozambiques Foreign Minister,No.3 in the Party.Chissano,who is forty-seven,was Prime Minister of the nine-month transitional government that preceded independence from Portugal in 1975.He ne

7、gotiated the transfer of power with Portugal.Section Two:News in Detail This much is clear tonight:an American held in Lebanon for almost a year and a half is free.David Jacobsen is recuperating in a hospital in Wiesbaden,West Germany.Twenty-four hours earlier,Jacobsen was released in Beirut by Is l

8、amic Jihad.But this remains a mystery:what precisely led to his freedom?Jacobsen will spend the next several days in the US air force facility in Wiesbaden for a medical examination.Diedre Barber reports.After preliminary medical checkups today,David Jacobsens doctor said he was tired but physically

9、 in very good condition.US air force hospital commander,Charles Moffitt,said in a medical briefing this afternoon that Jacobsen had lost little weight and seemed extremely fit.He joked that he would not like to take up Jacobsens challenge to reporters earlier in the day to a six-mile jog around the

10、airport.Despite his obvious fatigue,Jacobsen spend the afternoon being examined by hospital doctors.He was also seen by a member of the special stress-management team sent from Washington.Colonel Moffitt said that after an initial evaluation it seems as if Jacobsen coped extremely well with the stre

11、sses of his captivity.He said there was also no evidence at this point that the fifty-five-year-old hospital director had been tortured or physically abused.Jacobsen seemed very alert,asking detailed questions about the facilities of the Wiesbaden medical complex,according to Moffitt.So far,Jacobsen

12、 has refused to answer questions about his five hundred and twenty-four days as a hostage.Speaking briefly to reporters after his arrival in Wiesbaden this morning,he said his joy at being free was somewhat diminished by his concern for the other hostages left behind.He thanked the US government and

13、 President Ronald Reagan for helping to secure his release.Jacobsen also gave special thanks to Terry Waite,an envy of the Archbishop of Canterbury,for his help in the negotiation.Waite,who acompanied Jacobsen from Beirut to Wiesbaden today,said he might be going to Beirut in several days.There are

14、still seven American hostages being held in Lebanon by different political groups.Jacobsen will be joined in Wiesbaden tomorrow by his family.Hospital officials said they still do not know how many days Jacobsen will remain for tests and debriefing sessions before returning to the United States with

15、 his family.For National Public,this is Diedre Barber,Wiesbaden.Section Three:Special Report The leader of Chinese revolution,Mao Tsetong,died ten years ago today.During his lifetime,Mao became a cult figure,but the current government has tried to change that.Now his tomb and enbalmed body in Beijin

16、g are just another tourist attraction.And no longer do millions of Chinese study or wave aloft the famous Little Red Book of Quotations from Chairman Mao.Along with the political writing,Mao wrote poetry as well-poems about the revolution,the Red Army,poems about nature.Willis Barnstone has translat

17、ed some of Maos work and considers him an original master,one of Chinas most important poets.Had he not been a revolutionary,perhaps his poetry would not have been as interesting because his personal poetry was the history of China.At the same time because he was a famous revolutionary and leader,it

18、 has prejudiced most people,almost correctly,to dismiss his poetry as simply the work of a man who achieved fame elsewhere.But his work was not dismissed within China though?Well,now its almost consciously forgotten.But when I was there in72,you could see his poems on every dining room wall,engraved

19、 on peach-pits.During lunch hours,workers would study his poems.They were every place.Is there,though,a revisionist thinking within literary circles?Are people saying Mao wasnt any good as a poet either?No.Well,at least in my conversations in the year I recently spent in Peking teaching at the unive

20、rsity there,I found very few people who didnt think he was a very good poet.But they did feel that his suggestions which were that people not write in the classical style,that they write in what he called the modern style,was very repressive.And as a result,of course,the restriction of publication d

21、uring the ten years of the Cultural Revolution,poetry was abysmal.When,you say the modern style,would that be,for example,free verse?It would be free verse as opposed to classical rhymes or classical forms.You write in the introduction to one of your translations of poems of Mao Tsetong that people.

22、you explain that leaders in China,and indeed in the East,are expected to be accomplished poets.Yes.I think thats true.The night that Tojo.before Tojo died,he,.in Japan,he wrote some poems.Ho Chi Minh was a poet.It was common.In fact,I think until early in the twentieth century,even to pass a bureauc

23、tatic exam,one had to know a huge number of classical forms.And especially,a leader should at least be a poet.There is one poem which is political in nature which has to do with a parasitic disease in China.Yes.Mao wrote some poems,two poems actually,about getting rid of a disease that was a plague

24、for the country.And its called Saying goodbye to the God of Disease.And the poem needs annotations.In that sense,its typical of classical Chinese poetry;he makes references to earlier emperors and places.Saying Goodbye to the God of Disease Mauve waters and green mountains are nothing When the great

25、 ancient doctor Hua Tuo Could not defeat a tiny worm.A thousand villages collapsed,were choked with weeds,Men were lost arrows,ghosts sang In the doorway of a few desolate houses.Yet now in a day,we leap around the earth,Or explore a thousand milky ways.And if the cowherd who lives on a star Asks ab

26、out the God of plagues,Tell him,happy or sad,The God is gone,Washed away in the waters.A poem by Mao Tsetong read by Willis Barnstone,Professor of Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington.He talked with us from WFIU.Lesson 2 Section One:News in Brief 1.Irans official news agency s

27、aid today former US National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane and four other Americans were jailed in Tehran for five days recently after they arrived on a secret diplomatic mission.The report quoted the speaker of Irans parliament as saying President Reagan sent the group to Tehran posing as aircr

28、aft crewmen.He said they carried with them a Bible signed by the President and a cake.He said the presents were designed to improve relations between the two countries.Neither the Reagan Administration nor McFarlane had any comment on the report.2.There were published reports in the Middle East that

29、 hostage David Jacobsen was freed as a result of negotiations between the United States and Iran.Asked about that today,Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite said that he didnt want to comment on the political dynamics.But Waite said he may know within the next twenty-four hours from his contacts if he

30、will be returning to Beirut to negotiate the release of more hostages.3.Jacobsen was reunited with his family today,but again said his joy could not be complete until the other hostages are freed.He appeared on the hospital balcony with his family and talked with reporters.Hospital director Colonel

31、Charles Moffitt says Jacobsen needs to communitcate with people now.He likes to talk,whether that be to a group of press or to individual physicians.Once you get him started on a subject,he wants to talk because he hasnt been able to do that.Moffitt says Jacobsen is in good health and will not need

32、follow up medical care.4.A low to moderate turnout is reported across the nation so far on this election day.Voters are choosing members of the one hundredth Congress,thirty-four senators and all four hundred thirty-five members of the US House of Representatives.One of the big questions is wich Par

33、ty will Control the Senate after todays voting.Section Two:News in Detail President Reagans former National Security Advisor,Robert McFarlane,and four other Americans may have visited Tehran recently on a secret diplomatic mission.Today,on the seventh anniversary of the seizure of the US embassy in

34、Thran,Iran Speaker of the Parliament said the visiting Americans were held for five days before being expelled from the country.NPR was unable to reach Mr.McFarlane today for comment and the White House says that it can neither confirm nor deny the story.NPRs Elizabeth Colton reports.Today in Tehran

35、,Speaker of the Parliament,Hashami rafsanjani took the occasion to tell a rally that President Reagan had recently sent personal envoys to Iran,calling for improvement of relations.In response to the American overtures,Rafsanjani announced that Iran will advise its friends in Lebanon,in other words

36、the hostage takers,to free US and French hostages if Israel frees Lebanese prisoners,and if the American and French governments end their hostility to the revolutionary government of Iran.Rafsanjani then reportedly described for the tens of thousands outside his parliament,the visit of the five Amer

37、ican emissaries.The Iranian said they flew in,posing as the flight crew of a plane bringing American military spare parts to Iran from Europe.The US envoys reportedly carried Irish passports,now said to be held by Iranian officials.And one of the men called himself McFarlane.And according to Rafsanj

38、ani,he looked exactly like President Reagans former National Security Advisor.Rafsanjani claimed that Iranian security officials also have a tape of telephone conversations between the American President and his envoys.The Iranian cleric,rafsanjani,said the five men were confined to a hotel for five

39、 days and later deported after Ayatollah Khomeini advised Iranian officials not to meet them or receive their message.Rafsanjani said the Americans had brought a Bible signed by President Reagan and a key-shaped cake which they said was the symbol of the hope of reopening US-Iran relations.In Tehran

40、 today,at the ceremony marking the anniversary of the seizure of the American embassy,Parliamentary Speaker Rafsanjani described the visit by the American emissaries ad a sign of Washingtons helplessness.The White House said it would neither confirm nor deny the reports,because according to the pres

41、s office,there are certain matters pertaining to efforts to try to release to hostages,and comments might jeopardize them.Robert McFarlane,who was also a frequent political commentator for NPRs morning edition,has been unavailable for comment.I am Elizabeth Colton in Washington.Section Three:Special

42、 Report Over the last few years and around the country,the number of fundamentalist religious groups is said to be growing.Some are called ultra-fundamentalist groups.The estimates varied greatly.The number could be as high as two thousand.These organizations have different purposes and beliefs,but

43、usually have one thing in common-strong leadership,quite often one person.Four years ago in October at a fundamentalist Christain commune in West Virginia,a young boy died after a paddling session that lasted for two hours.The child was spanked by his parents.He had hit another child and refused to

44、say he was sorry.We reported the story of that paddling-the story of the Stonegate Community in November of 1982.Since that time,Stonegate leader has been tried and convicted,one of the first times an leader of a religious group has been held responsible for the actions of a member.Also in that time

45、 the parents of the child have served jail terms,and now they have agreed to tell their story.The Stonegate Commune was near Charleston,West Virginia,in the northeast corner of the state.Its mostly farming country.The Stonegate members lived outside of town in an old white Victorian house,overlookin

46、g the Shenandoah River,eight young families living and working together.They did some farming,some construction work and for a time ran an restaurant in Charleston.It was their intention to become less of a commune and more of a community,with the families living in separate houses on the property.W

47、e went to Stonegate on a Sunday evening in November of 1982.We were reluctantly welcomed.Less than a month before,two Stonegate members had been indicted for involuntary manslaughter.They were the parents of Joseph Green,who was two years old when he died.On this night many of the Stonegate people w

48、ere defensive,almost angry.That was four years ago.The parents,stewart and Leslie Green,were convicted of involuntary manslaughter and both spent a year in jail.First Stewart,then Leslie.Then in a separate legal action,the leader of the Stonegate commune,Dorothy McLellan was also indicted.McLellan d

49、id not take part in the paddling but she was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter and conspiracy in the death of Joey Green.Stewart Green,the father,testified against Dorothy McLellan.Green now believes that his son died because of McLellans teachings and influence.He explained in court that the

50、 Stonegate members were taught that a paddling session should continue until the child apologizes.Green also testified that a four-hour spanking of Dorothy McLellars grandson,Danny,had occurred two weeks before Joey Greens death.He also said the Stonegate members,when Joey died,Joined in a pledge of