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1、话题19世界、环境和社会问题相关的话题(The World，the Environment and Society) 目 录I高考方向及写法指导II 环境污染的原因、影响和解决措施范文1【据2009年北京卷改编 】我们班的绿色行动范文2 【2015北京模拟】节约用水活动范文3沙尘暴现象及保护措施范文4 就“endangered animals”的主题发表看法 范文5出国游客不文明现象范文6垃圾问题及解决措施范文7【2012年福建高考卷】 环境保护Practice I【2016年全国高考北京卷】Practice II环境保护现状及我的看法Practice III【2013年高考重庆卷】拯救江豚P

2、ractice IV【2022高考全国甲卷】 海洋保护I高考方向及写法指导世界与环境话题考查内容1.对各个国家的介绍(包括历史、地理、人口、气候等)；2.对人口增长(population growth)、土地(land)、粮食、住房(housing)、污染(pollution)、环境保护(environmental conservation)等问题发表意见。3.就公共场所吸烟、随地吐痰、随地扔纸屑、课本资料回收、运动会浪费现象等发表意见。4.珍惜水资源、使用再生资源、实现经济可持续发展、创建绿色学校。该话题高考考查方式为：（1）记叙文、应用文中的媒体报道及日记，记录或报道自己或他人参与的一次环

3、境保护活动如：垃圾分类、光盘行动、节约用水活动；介绍“地球一小时”活动；介绍“世界水日”；介绍“无车日”活动；（2）在议论文中考查涉及以下内容：自然灾害产生及治理措施、动物灭绝及保护措施、环境污染及治理措施、大城市人口增长及解决措施、留守儿童问题及解决措施、出国游客不文明现象、旅游景点不文明现象等等；（3）在演讲稿和倡议书中，呼吁同学们和社会各界保护环境，相关话题有：呼吁进行垃圾分类、节约用水、光盘行动，爱护濒危动物等；（4）在应用文中的求助信中提出环境问题及请求相关人员或部门帮助。写作思路：提出现象-分析原因（导致的后果）解决措施 注意：本话题世界、环境和与社会相关的话题会结合热点话题考查，

4、因此涉及到与社会有关的话题，如：大城市人口增长及解决措施、留守儿童问题及解决措施、滥杀动物等，请参看Topical Issues专题.II 环境污染的原因、影响和解决措施1. 环境污染的原因（Causes of environmental pollution）(1)cut down trees 砍伐树木 (2)pollute the environment/air 污染环境/空气(3)lead /water /noise/air /white pollution铅/水/噪音/空气/白色污染(4)The rubbish was everywhere. 到处是垃圾。(5)send out smok

5、e and poisonous gases into the air排放烟雾和有毒气体(6)pour waste water into rivers without being treated往河里排放未经处理的废水2. 坏的影响（Bad effects）(1)acid rain 酸雨 (2)abnormal climate气候异常(3)global warming 全球变暖 (4)sea level rise 海平面上升(5)greenhouse effect 温室效应 (6)extinction of animals 动物灭绝 (7)be harmful to/do harm to. 对有

6、害 (8)flood many low-lying cities 水淹低洼城市(9)drought/flood/sandstorms sweep across. 干旱/洪水/沙尘暴横扫3. 环境保护措施（Measures of environmental protection）(1)plant trees 植树 (2)sort rubbish 垃圾分类(3)protect the ecology 保护生态 (4)save energy/water节约能源/水(5)go green生产或使用绿色产品 (6)protect the environment 保护环境(7)ride bicycles

7、to work 骑自行车上班 (8)develop renewable resources可再生资源(9)fight against pollution 与污染作斗争 (10)sustainable development 可持续发展(11)eco-friendly products 生态友好的产品 (12)deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾(13)recycle textbooks/trash 课本/垃圾回收利用 (14)ban smoking in public 禁止在公共场合吸烟(15)improve our living conditions 改善居住条件

8、 (16)keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡(17)stop / keep/ prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做(18)ban the abuse of plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋(19)dont litter/spit everywhere 不随地扔垃圾/吐痰(20)carry/shoulder the responsibility for this 为此承担责任III濒危动物的生存现状、灭绝原因及保护措施1. Only about 1000 finless porpoises are estimated tobe st

9、ill living at present.据估计，目前大有约仅存1000只江豚。2. They are in danger of extinction because of environmental pollution.由于环境污染，他们面临灭绝的危险。3. They are extinct because of human beings activities. 他们因为人类的活动而灭绝了。4. Its high time for us to take quick action to protect them. 现在是我们采取行动保护他们的时候了。5. Its necessary for

10、every citizen to realize the importance of animal protection. 每个公民都有必要认识到保护动物的重要性。6. The government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals.政府应该通过一些法律禁止捕杀珍稀动物。7. The government can set up more nature reserves. 政府可以建立更多的自然保护区。8. We hope that WWF can offer help to protect them. Fir

11、st of all, a sponsorship will be of help.我们希望世界自然基金会能提供帮助来保护他们。首先，赞助会有所帮助。9. We need information from experts in WWF to help us take better care of them.我们需要世界自然基金会专家提供的信息来帮助我们更好地照顾它们。环境保护话题词汇Types of pollution/Types of environmental problemsreasonsmeasuresThere are several reasons1. Effective measu

12、res should be taken immediately.2. Its high time for us to take quick action to protect environment.air pollution1. Factories send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air.2. Cars pump out harmful emissions into the air which we all have to breathe in.1. The government should pass laws and regulat

13、ions to prevent factories from releasing poisonous gases.2.Every citizen should be encouraged to make full use of public transport, like buses, subways, shared bikes and so on.water pollutionFactories pour waste water into rivers without being treated.Laws and regulations should be made to forbid fa

14、ctories to pour waste water into rivers directly.desertification and endangered animals1. Farmers cut down many trees to produce feeding land for cattle and sheep or produce wood for building.2. Illegal hunting and overfishing are killing off millions of animals, including whales, elephants and othe

15、r endangered specials.3. Human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for a big profit.1.Its quite necessary for every citizen to realize the importance of animal protection. 2.Plant more trees3.The government should pass laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals.rubbish problems1.People l

16、iking littering in the street.2.Rubbish isnt sorted before it is thrown into dust bins.3.Many plastic bags are used in our daily life.1.Many activities should be held to increase peoples awareness of environmental protection.2.Everyone should be encouraged to sort garbage into different categories b

17、efore throwing it, like food waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste and others.food wastePeople are used to ordering too much food and throw it away if they cant eat up it.1. Activities like “Clear Your Plate” should be carried out to raise peoples awareness of saving food.2. Dont order too much f

18、ood and eat up all food.3. Everyone should be encouraged to bring food left back home to eat, and dont throw it away.4. Call on every student and parent to join us.water shortageglobal warming, environmental pollution and the ever-lasting population1. Reserve water in a scientific way for future use

19、2. New methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources. For example, turn seawater into fresh water, and stop water pollution by law.3. Its everyones responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.范文1【据2009年北京卷改编 】我们班的绿色行动（The World an

20、d the Environment）假设你是红星中学高三(1）班的学生李华，为响应绿化祖国的号召，你班于4月12日去郊区植树。写作内容以“Green Action in Our Class”为题给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇英文稿，内容包括：（1）介绍植树活动的全过程；（2）看到所种的一排排的树，你的心情。I审题 体裁：记叙文 主体时态：一般过去时 主要人称：我，我们，同学们 写作要点：_ _II写作提纲 Para.1 概括介绍基本信息（时间、地点、任务、事件） Para.2 具体经过 Para.3 感受或评价III参考范文Green Action in Our ClassApril 1

21、2 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience that day. In the morning，we bicycled to the suburb to plant trees，talking and laughing all the way. Upon arrival，we began to work immediately. Some were digging holes; some were carrying and planting young trees, while others were watering

22、 them. After getting the work done，we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees，and before leaving, we took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees，we all had a sense of achievement（成就感）.We feel its our duty to protect and beautify our environment. Useful express

23、iona sense of achievement成就感范文2 【2015北京模拟】节约用水活动(The World and the Environment)假设你是某所中学的学生，3月22日(世界水日)你参加了你班开展的一系列节水宣传活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以日记的形式记录当天的活动内容。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：宣传材料leaflets；危机crisisMarch 22, 2015Thursday Sunny Today is World Water Day._参考范文March 22, 2015Thursday Sunny Today is World Water Day.

24、 In the morning, we had a class meeting talking about what to do on this special day. Finally, we reached an agreement and immediately began to make preparations for the afternoons activities.At 2：00 pm, we went to the neighboring community to hand out leaflets, calling on people to save water. Arou

25、nd 3 oclock, the expert we invited made an excellent speech on the current water crisis in China. He talked about the draught in the Southeast and the severe shortage of water in our city. The speech had a strong appeal to all the people present, including me.After the speech, we had a discussion wi

26、th our neighbors about various ways of saving water in our daily life. I suggested turning off the tap water immediately after use, and a granny came up with the ideas of reusing the water from kitchen, for example, the water after washing fruits and vegetables can be used to water flowers and so on

27、. Today, I have had a better understanding of the importance of saving water and really learned a lot about saving water.Useful expressions1. have a class meeting 举行班会2. reach an agreement 达成了一致协议3. hand out leaflets 分发册子范文3沙尘暴现象及保护措施(Topical Issues, The World and Environment)假设你是山东某所中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示

28、，针对山东北部遭受沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。1.过去家乡树木成林； 2.如今人们毁林种地建房；3.气候变化，土地荒漠化；4.植树造林，人人有责。词数：1.100词左右；2.开头已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Editor, Im a student at a middle school of Shandong._ Im looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li HuaI审 题体 裁：书信体应用文+议论文主体时态：一般现在时主要人称：第一人称写作要点：_ II写作提纲Para.1 自我介绍，交代写信目的；

29、Para.2描述现象，指出该现象产生的原因及带来的后果，提出建议;Para.3 提出希望。参考范文Dear Editor, Im a student at a middle school of Shandong. Im writing to express my views concerning the environment in my hometown. My hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick forest and green grass could be seen everywhere. However, because of cl

30、imate changes, it rains little now. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people there cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the forests were seriously destroyed. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which people suffered a lot. To prevent the process of desertificat

31、ion, I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down. Then our living conditions will soon be improved. Im look forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li HuaUseful expressions1. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which people suffe

32、red a lot. 结果，沙尘暴时不时袭击我们，人们深受其苦（苦不堪言）。strike vt.袭击, 过去式为：struck/ strook 过去分词为： struck /stricken2. To prevent the process of desertification, I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down.为了防止沙漠化的进程，我希望所有的人都能好好保护森林，多种植树木，而不是砍伐树木。范文4 就“endangered

33、 animals”的主题发表看法 (Topical Issues, The World and Environment)写作内容以约120个词就“endangered animals”的主题发表看法，内容包括：(1) 濒危动物的现状；(2) 就如何改变这个现状，谈谈你的看法；(3) 假如你是濒危动物的一员，你如何呼吁人们关注濒危动物。参考范文Endangered Animals As is often read in the newspaper reports，wild life especially the rare species are threatened with extinctio

34、n. Human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for a big profit，which，of course， results in a sharp decrease in the number of animals. Therefore， it is high time for us to take quick action to protect them. First of all， its quite necessary for every citizen to realize the importance of an

35、imal protection. Only by knowing its importance can people develop a sense of responsibility. In addition，the government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals. If I were one of the endangered animals，I would hope that man could be a good friend of mine rather than my enemy.Usef

36、ul expressions1. are threatened with extinction面临灭绝的威胁2. results in导致3. take quick action to 迅速采取行动4. pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals 制定法律来禁止捕捉稀有动物范文5出国游客不文明现象（Topical Issues, Travel and Transport） 近年来，个别中国游客在海外的不文明行为一度成为媒体的焦点。假设你是李华，是某国际旅行社的导游，就此写一篇短文在我国权威英文报China Daily 上发表自己的观

37、点。请根据下面的提示完成短文。1.列举不文明行为（至少3点）；2.指出其不良影响（至少2点）；3.提出建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.首句已给出，不计入总词数。参考范文 Working as a tour guide of an international travel agency, I feel it a shame to witness(见证) some of Chinese travelers bad behaviors abroad. Those very few just speak and laugh loudly in public. Th

38、ey spit freely, carve their names in scenic spots and some even climb up onto famous statues for photo taking, damaging not only the beauty of tourist attractions, but worst of all, the image of us Chinese people as well as that of our country with 5000 years of civilization! To stop such things hap

39、pening, my advice is that whoever go abroad must, beforehand, take a class to learn how to observe public rules and respect foreign customs and religions. Meanwhile, some measures such as a heavy fine must be taken to teach those few a lesson- a warning for all at the same time!Useful expressions1.T

40、hey spit freely, carve their names in scenic spots and some even climb up onto famous statues for photo taking，damaging not only the beauty of tourist attractions, but worst of all, the image of us Chinese people as well as that of our country with 5000 years of civilization!他们随地吐痰，在风景名胜区雕刻他们的名字，有些甚

41、至爬上了著名的雕像上拍摄。这种行为不仅破坏了旅游景点的美丽，而且最坏的是，损坏了我们中国人的形象，以及我们国家5000年的文明！2. To stop such things happening, my advice is that whoever go abroad must, beforehand, take a class to learn how to observe public rules and respect foreign customs and religions.为了阻止这种事情的发生，我的建议是，无论是谁出国，必须提前上培训班，学习如何遵守公共法则和尊重外国风俗和宗教。范

42、文6垃圾问题及解决措施(Topical Issues, The World and Environment) 随着城市的扩张，人口的增加，垃圾处理问题越来越凸显。假如你是李华，是一名高三学生，请你以“How to Deal with the Garbage”为话题，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。谈谈你的看法。内容要点：1改掉乱扔垃圾的坏习惯；2. 实行垃圾分类处理；3. 其他建议。参考词汇：litter乱扔；environmentally friendly 环保的；classification分类。参考范文 How to Deal with the Garbage With the impr

43、ovement of the living standards of the people, more garbage is being produced in our life. How to deal with it has become a serious challenge to us. Obviously, people seem to have got accustomed to littering in the streets. In my opinion, the reason for the bad habit is that they havent realized the decrease of resources on the earth. As a student, we should start from ourselves to protect the earth and our limited resources. First, we should sort the garbage according to its nature. In this way we can make full use of the renewable waste, thus enhancing the waste recovery