Unit 4-1 Reading and Thinking -2020-2021学年高一英语上学期同步课堂帮帮帮必修第一册（人教版2019）.docx

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1、Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 1.1 Reading and Thinking重点单词1. _vt.幸存；_n. 幸存者；生还者_n. 存活；幸存2 ._ n.电力供应；力量；控制力_ adj.（指人）有权势的；有影响力的；（指物）强有力的3._v.受苦_n受苦者；受难者；患病者_ n. 痛苦；苦难4._vi.&vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出_n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发5._ n.影响；结果；效果_ vt.影响6_n.长；长度_adj.长的_vt加长_7 _vt/n求助_ n. 救援者；救助者8._ vt.& vi复活；（使）苏醒_ n. 振兴；复苏9._v

2、t/n震惊）_adj. （人感到）惊愕的；受震惊的_ adj. 令人震惊的；触目惊心的目标短语1. _ 自然灾害2. _ 空难3. _（使）滑入; 溜进4. _ 大量的5. _从中营救某人/某物6. _对引起损害7. _对造成损害8. _ 动物收容处9. _保护免受10. _躲避（风、雨或危险）11. _似乎；好像；仿佛12. _严重受损；破败不堪13. _ 震惊；吃惊14. _被困在中15. _诱使某人（做）某事16. _屏住气17. out of breath _18. make an effort _19. suffer from _20. supply sb with sth = su

3、pply sth to sb_21. .in the open air _22. survive from sth_23. nuclear/wind/solar power _24. power cut/failure_25. first aid _26. first aid kit _27. . on hand_28. an air strike _29. side effect_重点语法定语从句（一）- 关系代词的用法【答案】重点单词1.survive survivor survival 2.power powerful 3.suffer sufferer suffering 4.erup

4、t eruption5.effect affect 6.length long lengthen7. rescue rescuer 8.revive revival 9. shock shocked shocking目标短语 1. natural disasters 自然灾害2. an air disaster 空难3. slide into（使）滑入; 溜进4. a flood of 大量的5. rescue sb./ sth. from从中营救某人/某物6. cause damage to sb/sth对引起损害7. do damage to sb/sth对造成损害8. an animal

5、 shelter 动物收容处9. shelter sb/sth from sb/sth保护免受10. shelter from sth躲避（风、雨或危险）11. .as if 似乎；好像；仿佛12. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪13. in shock 震惊；吃惊14. be trapped in被困在中15. trap sb into（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某事16. hold ones breath 屏住气17. out of breath 上气不接下气18. make an effort 作出努力19. suffer from 因而痛苦；患有（疾病等）20. supply

6、 sb with sth = supply sth to sb向某人提供某物21. .in the open air 露天；在户外22. survive from sth从中幸存下来23. nuclear/wind/solar power 核 / 风 / 太阳能24. power cut/failure断电/停电25. first aid 急救26. first aid kit 急救箱27. . on hand现有（尤指帮助）28. an air strike 空袭29. side effect（药物等起到的）副作用 1.disaster / dz:st(r) / n.灾难；灾害 natura

7、l disasters 自然灾害 （P47）an air disaster 空难Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。2. on hand现有（尤指帮助）We would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days.我们建议在三天内保持有足够的水和食物。（P53）He has too much work on hand. 他手头的工作太多了I always like to keep some money on hand. 我总喜欢在手头

8、备好一些钱。3. strike / strak / vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 The undersea quake struck around 7:00. 海底地震发生在7点左右。（P54）The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。n. 罢工；罢课；袭击They went on strike for more money. 他们为了得到更多的钱而罢工。4. deliver/ dlv(r) /vt. & vi.递送；传达However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads wi

9、ll make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。（P54）vt. 发表The president will deliver a speech about the economic development. 总统将就经济发展发表讲话。vt. 接生；生(小孩) ; be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。5.slide / slad / vi. & vt. (slid, s

10、lid ) (使 ）滑行；滑动We slid on the ice. 我们在冰上滑行。The door slid open. 门慢慢开了。slide into（使）滑入; 溜进The thief slid into the room. 小偷悄悄溜进房间。6. crash / kr/vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击A tsunami crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday. 昨天海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线。（P54）n. 撞车；碰撞 a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事7. aid / ed / n.援助；帮助；救援物资 firs

11、t aid 急救economic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助with the aid of 在的帮助下He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered. 借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助 To aid the poor farmers, the government provided them with a lot of money.为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。9. rescue / reskju: / n.& vt. 营救；救援What

12、 are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？（P48）rescue workers/boats/helicopters/ camps救援人员 / 船只 / 直升机 /营They were rescued by helicopter. 他们被直升机救走了。rescue sb./ sth. from 从中营救某人/某物Firefighters rescued a child from a burning building消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。rescuer /r

13、eskju:(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者Many people burst into tears when a rescuer carried a girl out of the ruins. 当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。10. damage / dmd / vt. 损害；破坏 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？ 首尔哪些建筑物受损？（P48）Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟严重损害健康。n.损坏；损失 cause damage to sb/sth 对引起损害do d

14、amage to sb/sth 对造成损害The storm didnt do much damage to crops. 暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。11.destroy/dstr/ vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭 Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. 城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。（P49）Theyve destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据。12.affect /fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾 病 ） 侵袭 ；深深打动 82 killed, 500,000 affected 82死亡，50万人受影响（P49）T

15、he illness has affected both her mental and physical health. 这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。13shelter/elt/ n.避难处；居所；庇护Shelters were set up by the government. 政府搭建了庇护所。（P49）Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。（P50）People were running for the shelter from the stor

16、m. 人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。an animal shelter 动物收容处vt.保护；掩蔽 shelter sb/sth from sb/sth 保护免受Some parents want to shelter their children from any harm.有些父母想保护他们的孩子不受任何伤害。vi. 躲避 （风、雨或危险）; shelter from sth 躲避（风、雨或危险）We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。14. crack /krk/ n.裂纹 ；裂缝 There were deep cracks

17、that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。（P50）This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂 The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。15.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！世界似乎要到末日！（P50）She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。【拓展

18、】as if的用法：(同as though)as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语气，时态变化形式如下：和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）。和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。和将来事实相反，从句用would/ could+ do。Some people like to talk about film stars personal life as if they were close friends.一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。She loves the boy as if she were his mot

19、her她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。16.ruin /ru:n/ n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）；in ruins严重受损；破败不堪Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟

20、。In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。（P50） vt. 破坏；毁坏 The crops were ruined by the heavy rain. 农作物被大雨全毁了。【辨析】destroy，damage，ruin1.destroy只用作动词，指强调用某种摧毁性的力彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作破坏、毁灭解,也可以指希望、计划等破灭。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。His hope of be

21、ing a writer was destroyed.他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。2.damage可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与 to sb/sth连用。指部分损坏、损害或指价值有所降低。一般被破坏的物品可以重新修复。Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。The accident did a lot of damage to his car.这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。3.ruin可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作动词时,作“破坏；毁灭；弄糟解；用作名词时,表示毁

22、灭；毁坏；废墟等抽象概念。表示破坏严重,以致不能修复, 这种破坏不是一次性毁灭某物，而是强调逐渐损坏的结果。The floods ruined many precious paintings.这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。Youll ruin your health if you go on like this.这样下去你会毁了你的身体的。The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。17.shock /k/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 in shock 震惊；吃惊 The little boy was speechless with shock. 那小男

23、孩惊得说不出话来。People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。（P50）vt (使 ）震惊The news of his death shocked all of us. 他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。adj. shocked受震惊的; shocking令人震惊的；触目惊心的I was shocked to hear the shocking news. 听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。1

24、8.trap /trp/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 ; be trapped in被困在中; trap sb into（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某事Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟

25、中。n. 险境；陷阱A fox was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。19. bury / beri / vt. 埋葬；安葬I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers. 我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。bury ones head / oneself in = be buried in 专心致志于My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper. = My father was buried i

26、n his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。20.breathe / bri: / vi.& vt.呼吸 Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。（P50）Its good for the health to breathe deeply. 做深呼吸对身体有益。breath /bre/ n. 气息；呼吸；一口气She took a deep breath. 她做了一次深呼吸。hold ones breath 屏住气out of breath 上气不接下气21.revive / rvav / vt.&

27、vi复活；（使 ）苏醒 Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.唐山开始恢复元气，重新站起来。（P50）The economy is beginning to revive. 经济开始复苏。revival / rvavl/ n. 振兴；复苏 What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city?你认为是什么帮助唐山市的复兴？（P51）World trade is showing signs of revival. 世界贸易正显示出复苏的征兆。22.eff

28、ort /eft / n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作。All my efforts ended in failure . 我的一切努力最后都无济于事。make an effort 作出努力He was making an effort to control himself. 他努力控制自己的情绪。23.suffer / sf(r) / vt. 遭受；蒙受The company suffered heavy losses last year. 公司去年出现巨额亏损。vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤

29、等）受苦They suffered terribly when their son was killed. 儿子遇难之后，他们悲痛欲绝。suffer from 因而痛苦；患有（疾病等）Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries.有些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受到了严重的伤。（P51）sufferer /sfr(r)/ n受苦者；受难者；患病者Thisnewcancertreatmentoffershopetomanysufferers.这新的癌症治疗法给许多病人带来希望。suffering /s

30、fr/ n. 痛苦；苦难Wemustbringsufferingandhungertoanendintheworld.我们必须结束世界上的苦难和饥饿。24.erupt / rpt / vi.& vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出The couple volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿帮忙。（P52）An active volcano may erupt at any time. 活火山会随时喷发。eruption /rpn/ n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发The eruption of the volca

31、no destroyed many villages. 火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。25.supply / spla / n.供应（量）；补给；pl. 补给品 The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。（P52）Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。vt. 供应；供给supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 向某人提供某物Russia sup

32、plies the European countries with natural gas. = Russia supplies natural gas to the European countries.俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。26.in the open air 露天；在户外People put up sheltersin the open air. 人们在户外搭建庇护所。（P52）The film will be shown in the open air tonight. 今晚电影在露天演。27. survive / svav/vt. 幸存；艰难度过; vi.生存；存活Shes f

33、eeding the baby who survived the earthquake 她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。（P52）Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。survive from sth 从中幸存下来Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。survive on sth 依靠生存I cant survive on 40 a week. 一星期40英镑，我无法维持

34、生活。survivor /svav/ n. 幸存者；生还者Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）survival /svavl/ 存活；幸存I think life is a struggle for survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。一、单词拼写1She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great_ (努力)2I have dreams of this place and wonder what

35、it would be like to _ (呼吸) this air.3Latest reports say that mudslides _ (埋) entire villages.4The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 _ (百分比)5Dont leave the lights on.It wastes _ (电)6His bad habits _ (毁灭) his chance of having a bright future.7After the woman heard that her husband was kil

36、led in the car accident, she went into _ (休克)8In order to catch the bear, some villagers set a _ (陷阱) and covered it with some leaves.二、单句语法填空1The boy walked in as if he _ (buy) the whole school.2He _ (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.3It was a _story, and we all got _. (shock)4_ (bury) hi

37、mself in the newspaper, he didnt notice what was happening.5Years of fighting have left the city in _ (ruin); it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.6A number of teachers _present today, the number of whom _300. (be)7We have to wait until the discussion between them comes _an end.8His friend has

38、 suffered _illness for years.三、选词填空 1After the exam, all the lessons in school also _.2It was reported that an American couple had_ a lot of gold coins from their own yard.3She _thought, so she didnt notice the water was boiling.4Why dont you play football _ just looking on?5The city lay _ after the

39、 earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built.6They _ the burning building. Please call the fire department right away.四、完成句子1_he knew everything that happened last night.他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。2If that were true, both companies would _.如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。3Although the lady looks elegant, actually she _.

40、尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。4He _ when I came in.我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。5I _he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。6So you can see, Im far _ giving up!因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！答案一、单词拼写1She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort (努力)2I have dreams of this place and wonder what it would be like to br

41、eathe (呼吸) this air.3Latest reports say that mudslides buried (埋) entire villages.4The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 percent (百分比)5Dont leave the lights on.It wastes electricity (电)6His bad habits ruined (毁灭) his chance of having a bright future.7After the woman heard that her husba

42、nd was killed in the car accident, she went into shock (休克)8In order to catch the bear, some villagers set a trap (陷阱) and covered it with some leaves.二、单句语法填空1The boy walked in as if he had_bought (buy) the whole school.2He was_trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.3It was a shocking story, and we all got shocked. (shock)4Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didnt notice what was happening.5Years of fighting have left the city in ruins (ruin); it would take a lot of money to rebu