大学英语专业综合教程4unit-13-Marriage名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

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1、By昆明理工大学外文院昆明理工大学外文院Unit 13 MarriageUnit 13 Marriage第1页ContentPre-readingactivitiesTextcomprehensionFurtherenhancement第2页Whatismarriage？Marriageisasocialunionorlegalcontractbetweenindividualsthatcreateskinship.Peoplegetmarriedforsuchreasonsaslegal,social,emotionalandeconomical;forpublicdeclarationof

2、love;orforthelawfulfoundationofafamily.第3页TheitemsyoushouldknowinthemarriageA.ThinkseriouslybeforemarriageB.KonwthewaystokeepmarriageheathierC.Cherishthebenefitsofmarriage第4页Thedivorcerateismorethan50%DesireforfreedomAmericantakethemselvesasacenterDivorceinAmerica第5页BrainstormMoneyIn-lawsCommoninter

3、estsinlife第6页MoneyMoneyisasensitiveareaandyourhouseholdfinancesneedtobeproperlystructured.Youandyourspouseshoulddefineyourcorevalues.Trytocometoanunderstandingaboutwhatyoubothcarethemostaboutspendingmoneyon.What can help to keep a happy What can help to keep a happy marriage?marriage?第7页Thein-lawsIt

4、isnotuncommonforsomemothers-orfathers-inlawtooversteptheirboundariesandinterferewiththeirchildsmarriage.Ifyourin-lawsarecausingdifficultiesinyourmarriage,youandyourspousewillthenneedtosetboundarieswithyourparents.第8页ThewaytheyspendtheirtimetogetherOfcourse,youandyourspousehaveindividualneedsandinter

5、ests.However,youandyourspouseshouldfocusonthetimeyouspendtogether,insteadoftheactivityitself.第9页Theauthorspurposeofwriting(attitude)A、Topresentallkindsofopinionsonmarriageandconcludethatmarriageisfullofdifficulties.B、Toarguethatthedifficultiesinmarriagearesomethinglong-standing,existingfromthemoment

6、whenGodcreatedmanandwoman.C、Totellpeoplewhatistherightattitudetowardsthedifficultiesofmarriage.第10页StructuralanalysisThetextfallsintothreeparts:PartI:(Paragraph1):Theauthor,afterquotingRussellonthesubject,putsforwardhisownargumentthatdifficultiesinregardtomarriagehavebeenanoldissueforcenturies.PartI

7、I:(Paragraphs27):Theauthoranalyzestherootsofsuchdifficultiesbylistingquotationsfromfamousliteraryworksandfamouspeople.第11页PartIII:(Paragraphs89):Theauthorassignsthecausesofunhappymarriagestotheexcessiveconsciousnessofdifficultiesinhumanbeings,andencouragespeopletofacethedifficultiesinmarriagebravely

8、.第12页TextcomprehensionPartIPartIIPartIII第13页Paragraph1QuestionCulturalbackgroundDifficultsentenceImportantwordsandexpress第14页WhatattitudedidpeopleintheVictorianerahavetowardsmarriage?(Paragraph1)EvenpeopleintheVictorianera,whichwasaperiodrenownedforitsemphasisonsocialdutiesratherthanrights,didnothav

9、eexpectationsforadifficulty-freemarriage.第15页BertrandRussellBertrandArthurWilliamRussell(18721970)wasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayistandsocialcritic.In1950,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinliterature.Contributions:Principles of mathematics Russells paradox(罗素悖论）Principia Mathematica Russells Theory o

10、f Definite Descriptions A contribution to metaphysics(形而上学）and Epistemology（认识论）Defense of neutral monism Womens rights Anti-war第16页AdamandEveInGenesis,thefirstbookoftheBible,GodmadeAdamfromdustandbreathedthebreathoflifeintohisnostrils.GodthencreatedanimalssothatAdamwouldnotbealone.Heputhiminabeauti

11、fulgarden,theGardenofEden.HereAdamlivedinpeacewithalltheanimals.However,GodsawthatAdamwaslonelyinthegarden,soGodtookaribfromAdamwhenhewasasleeponenight.FromAdamsrib,GodmadeEve第17页VictorianeraTheVictorianeraofBritishhistory(andthatoftheBritishEmpire)wastheperiodofQueenVictoriasreignfrom20June1837unti

12、lherdeath,on22January1901.Itwasalongperiodofpeace,prosperity,refinedsensibilitiesandnationalself-confidenceforBritain.第18页Sentence:Theircynicalattitudetomarriagemaybegatheredfromtheenthusiasticreception(theygavetoPunchsadvice(tothoseabouttomarry)“Dont.”)Paraphrase:Fromthewaytheyenthusiasticallyrecei

13、vedthe“Dont”advicegiveninthemagazinePunch,wecantellthattheyadoptedaskepticalattitudetomarriage.第19页Inregardto:concerning/about关于Sbcanthelpdoingsth=sbcanthelpbutdosth:someoneisunabletochangetheirbehaviororfeelings,ortopreventthemselvesfromdoingsomething.某人忍不住做某事Bebesetwith：Ifyouarebesetwithdifficulti

14、es,problems,fears,etc.,therearesomanyofthemortheyaredifficultforyoutodealwith.饱受困扰。Undernoillusion：holdingnofalsebelief不抱任何幻想。第20页Paragraph2Difficultsentences第21页Sentence:Thehumorwascrude;butitwenthometothehonestVictorianheart.gohometoonesheart:deeplytouchorgrievesbParaphrase:Althoughthehumormightso

15、undoffensivelyrude,itwasreadilyacceptedbypeopleintheVictorianera.第22页Sentence:Itwouldseemahell(mainlypopulatedbytwinsandleech-likemothers-in-law)Paraphrase:marriagewouldseemaplacefullofmiserieswherelifeissameandboringdaybydayandisinterferedbymeanmothers-in-law.第23页Paragraph5-7Culturalbackgroundandqu

16、otations第24页SocratesSocrates(469BC399BC)wasaclassicalGreekphilosophercreditedasoneofthefoundersofWesternphilosophy.contributions:SocraticmethodSocraticparadoxesThefatherofpoliticalphilosophy,ethicsormoralphilosophyImportantandlastingcontributionstothefieldofepistemology第25页“苏格拉底方法,”自始至终是以师生问答形式进行，所以

17、又叫“问答法问答法”。苏格拉底在教学生取得某种概念时，不是把这种概念直接告诉学生，而是先向学生提出问题，让学生回答，假如学生回答错了，他也不直接纠正，而是提出另外问题引导学生思索，从而一步一步得出正确结论。它为启发式教学奠定了基础。第26页MichelEyquemdeMontaigneMichelEyquemdeMontaigne(French:milekmdmt;28February153313September1592)wasoneofthemostinfluentialwritersoftheFrenchRenaissance,knownforpopularizingtheessayas

18、aliterarygenre(文学体裁).Contributions:Essais蒙田随笔MontaignesInfluenceonPsychologyEducationonchildren（inavarietyofways.astudenthadtotaketheinformationandmakeittheirown.）第27页QuotationIthappensasoneseesincages.Thebirdsoutsidedespairofevergettingin;thoseinsideareequallydesirousofgettingout.”婚姻好比鸟笼，外面鸟想进进不去；里

19、面鸟儿想出出不来。蒙田第28页钱锺书围城婚姻是一座围城，城外人想进去，城里人想出来。第29页FrancisBaconFrancisBacon(22January15619April1626),wasanEnglishphilosopher,statesman,scientist,jurist,orator,essayist,andauthor.HeservedbothasAttorneyGeneralandLordChancellorofEngland.Contributions:学术进展，1605年新工具论，1620年培根人生论培根随笔第30页QuotationHewasreputedone

20、ofthewisemen(thatmadeanswertothequestionwhenamanshouldmarry:Ayoungmannotyet;aneldermannotatall.”他同时借用了另一位先哲言论往返答一个人应该什么时候结婚：年轻人无须急于结婚,年老人则根本不该结婚。第31页SirRichardFrancisBurtonSirRichardFrancisBurton(19March182120October1890)wasanEnglishgeographer,explorer,translator,writer，soldier,spy,linguist,poet.Hew

21、asknownforhistravelsandexplorationswithinAsia,AfricaandtheAmericas.Accordingtoonecount,hespoke29European,AsianandAfricanlanguages.Contributions:Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and MeccahThe Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night第32页Quotation“Onewasnevermarried,andthatshishell;anoth

22、eris,andthatshisplague.”一个人从未结婚,这是他痛苦;另一个结了婚,这是他灾难。第33页SamuelPepysSamuelPepys(February163326May1703)wasanEnglishnavaladministratorandMemberofParliamentwhoisnowmostfamousforhisdiary。HewastheChiefSecretarytotheAdmiraltyunderbothKingCharlesIIandsubsequentlyKingJamesII.Contribution：佩皮斯日志(theGreatPlagueo

23、fLondon,theGreatFireofLondon）第34页QuotationStrangetosay(whatdelight(wemarriedpeople have)to see these poor folkdecoyedintoourcondition.”我很奇怪当看到普通人被引诱着结婚而进入我现在情况时，是什么使我们结过婚人能高兴起来。第35页JeremyTaylorJeremyTaylor(16131667)wasaclericintheChurchofEngland.HeissometimesknownastheShakespeareofDivinesforhispoeti

24、cstyleofexpression.HeisrememberedintheChurchofEnglandscalendarofsaintswithaLesserFestivalon13August.Contributions:The Rule and Exercise of Holy Living活得圣洁 The Rule and Exercise of Holy Dying死得高尚第36页Quotation“Marriage,”hedeclared,“hathinitlessofbeautyandmoreofsafetythanthesinglelifeithathmorecarebutl

25、essdanger;itismoremerryandmoresad;itisfullerofsorrowsandfullerofjoys.”与单身生活相比,婚姻里，美变少了，安全感增多了。相互关心增多了，危险变少了。高兴和悲伤一样变多了，而且充满了悲痛和欢乐。第37页SirRichardSteeleSirRichardSteele(12March16721September1729)wasanIrishwriterandpolitician,rememberedasco-founderofthemagazineThe Spectator旁观者旁观者.Contributions：The Chri

26、stian Hero The Funeral.The Tatler闲谈者第38页QuotationThemarriagestate,(withandwithoutthe affection suitable to it),is thecompletestimageofHeavenandHell(wearecapableofreceivinginthislife).”Paraphrase：Themarriagestate,whetherthereisloveinvolvedornot,isacombinationofthehappinessandmiserywemayencounterinlif

27、e.第39页Jean-JacquesRousseauJean-JacquesRousseau(28June17122July1778)wasaGenevanphilosopher,writer,andcomposerofthe18thcentury.HispoliticalphilosophyinfluencedtheFrenchRevolutionaswellastheoveralldevelopmentofmodernpolitical,sociological,andeducationalthought.Contributions：On the Social Contract社会契约论

28、mile爱弥儿Confessions忏悔录、Discourse on the Origin of Inequality论不平等起源第40页QuotationIhaveoftenthought,”hewrote,“thatifonlyonecouldprolongthejoyofloveinmarriage/weshouldhaveparadiseonearth.Thatisathing(whichhasneverbeen)hitherto.”“我经常想假如有些人能够把在婚姻里爱欢乐延长，那么我们在地球上就能享受天堂高兴。不过这件事迄今为止都没有实现”第41页SamuelJohnsonSamue

29、lJohnson(18September170913December1784),wasanEnglishwriter.JohnsonwasadevoutAnglicanandcommittedTory(保守党员）保守党员）,andhasbeendescribedasarguablythemostdistinguishedmanoflettersinEnglishhistory.Heisthesubjectofthemostfamoussingleworkofbiographicalartinthewholeofliterature:Contributions:TheVanityofHumanW

30、ishes人类欲望虚幻A Dictionary of the English Language英语大辞典A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland苏格兰西部诸岛纪游 Lives of the Poets诗人传Preface to the Plays of William Shakespeare第42页“Sir,”he declared,“it is so far from beingnaturalforamanandwomantoliveinastate of marriage that we find all themotives(whichth

31、eyhaveforremaininginthatconnexion)andtherestraints(whichcivilisedsocietyimposestopreventseparation)are hardly sufficient to keepthemtogether.”“对于男女来说，结婚一点都不适当，而且我们发觉，全部用来维系婚姻动机和文明社会用来防止离婚制约都不能使他们在一起”第43页Howdidthenovelistsandplaywrightsdescribemarriageintheirworks?(Paragraphs8)Theconventionalnovelist

32、softhenineteenthcenturyseldomdescribedmarriageafterthewedding.Evenwhenmarriedpeopledidappearinplaysandnovelslateron,theyusuallyseemedmoreandmoremiserable.第44页Whatattitudesdosocialreformersandthinkersandaesthetesholdtowardsmarriage?Why?(Paragraphs8)Socialreformerstendtotakeanoptimisticviewtowardsmarr

33、iage,whilethinkersandaesthetesareonthepessimisticside,thinkingofmarriageasfullofmiseries.Socialreformersusuallyencouragepeopletogetmarriedbyconvincingthemofthehappinessofmarriage,sincemarriageandfamilyarethecornerstonesofastablesociety;whilethinkerstendtoanalyzeboththepositiveandnegativesidesofmarri

34、age,andaesthetesstrivefortheperfectionofmarriage,sotheyfocusmoreonitsmiserableside.第45页viewsonloveandmarriage第46页VictorianeraBytheVictorianera,theconceptofpaterfamilias,meaningthehusbandasheadofthehouseholdandmoralleaderofhisfamily,wasfirmlyentrenchedinBritishculture.a.theangleinthehouseVirginiaWool

35、fsaidkillingtheAngelintheHousewaspartoftheoccupationofawomanwriterb.thehouseholdgeneral第47页Whilesomewritersandartistsshowedsympathytowardswomenssubjugationtothisdouble-standard,someworksweredidacticandreinforcedtheculturalnorm.IntheVictorianErasexwassomethingthatwasnotdiscussedopenlyandhonestly,publ

36、icdiscussionofsexualencountersandmattersweremetwithignorance,embarrassmentandfear.Apublicopinionofwomenssexualdesireswasthattheywerenotverytroubledbysexualurges.Evenifwomensdesireswerelurking,sexualexperiencescamewithconsequencesforwomenandfamilies.第48页Limitingfamilysizesresultedinresistingsexualdes

37、ires,exceptwhenahusbandhaddesireswhichasawifewomenwerecontractedtofulfill.ManypeoplewithintheVictorianErawere“factuallyuninformedandemotionallyfrigidaboutsexualmatters”.Todiscouragepre-maritalsexualrelationstheNewPoorLawarguedthat“womenbearfinancialresponsibilitiesforout-of-wedlockpregnancies”.In183

38、4womenweremadelegallyandfinanciallysupportiveoftheirillegitimatechildren.Sexualrelationsforwomencouldnotjustbeaboutdesireandfeelingslikemenhadtheluxuryof,theconsequencesthatwereassociatedwithsexualinteractionsforwomentookawaythephysicaldesiresthatwomencouldpossess第49页Womenwereexpectedtohavesexwithon

39、lyoneman,theirhusband.However,itwasacceptableformentohavemultiplepartnersintheirlife.;husbandsparticipatedinlengthyaffairswithotherwomenwhilewomenstayedwiththeirhusbandsonthegroundsthatdivorcewasnotanoption.Ifwomendidhavesexualcontactwithanotherman,theywereseenasruinedorfallen.Victorianliteratureand

40、artwasfullofexamplesofwomenpayingdearlyforstrayingfrommoralexpectations.AdulteressesmettragicendsinnovelssuchasAnnaKareninabyTolstoy,MadameBovarybyFlaubert,whileinTessofthedUrbervilles,ThomasHardydepictsaheroinepunishedbyhercommunityforlosinghervirginitybeforemarriage(thenovelisdeliberatelyambiguous

41、astowhethertheencounterwasconsensualorarape).第50页RightsandprivilegesofVictorianwomenwerelimited,andbothsingleandmarriedwomenhadhardshipsanddisadvantagestheyhadtolivewith.Victorianwomenhaddisadvantagesbothfinanciallyandsexually,enduringinequalitieswithintheirmarriagesandsocialstatuses,distinctdiffere

42、ncesinmenandwomensrightstookplaceduringthisEra.Providingmenwithmorestability,financialstatusandpowerovertheirhomesandwomen.MarriagesforVictorianwomenbecamecontracts,onewhichwasextremelydifficultifnotimpossibletogetoutofduringtheVictorianera.Womensrightsgroupsfoughtforequalityandovertimemadestridesto

43、changerightsandprivileges,however,manyVictorianwomenenduredtheirhusbandscontrol,crueltytargetedagainsttheirwives;includingsexualviolence,verbalabuseandeconomicdeprivation5andweregivennowayout.Whilehusbandsparticipatedinaffairswithotherwomenwivesenduredinfidelityastheyhadnorightstodivorceonthesegroun

44、dsandtheirdivorcewasconsideredtobeasocialtaboo第51页nowadays1.nomarriage2.same-sexmarriage第52页Same-sexmarriageMarriageequality第53页Same-sexmarriage(alsoknownasgaymarriage)ismarriagebetweentwopeopleofthesamebiologicalsexand/orgenderidentity.Legalrecognitionofsame-sexmarriageorthepossibilitytoperformasam

45、e-sexmarriageissometimesreferredtoasmarriageequalityorequalmarriage,particularlybysupporters.Thelegalizationofsame-sexmarriageischaracterizedasredefiningmarriagebymanyopponents.第54页Thefirstlawsenablingsame-sexmarriageinmoderntimeswereenactedduringthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury.Asof9May,sixteencountr

46、ies(Argentina,Belgium,Brazil,Canada,Denmark,France,Iceland,Netherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Portugal,Spain,SouthAfrica,Sweden,UnitedKingdom,Uruguay)andseveralsub-nationaljurisdictions(partsofMexicoandtheUnitedStates)allowsame-sexcouplestomarry.第55页Mostsame-sex-marriagestatesallowthejointadoptionofchildrenbysame-sexcouples.Thankstotherule,manyhomosexualcouplescouldfulfilltheirdreamoforganizingacompletefamily.Atthesametime,itcouldhelpmanyorphansfindahappyfamilytoo.第56页moviesandtelevisionsabouthomosexual第57页第58页